فهرست مطالب سیدعباس فروتن

The present documentary examines the various dimensions of youthism and its implementation strategies.

A group meeting was held with the presence of young university administrators and their opinions were recorded. In addition, the opinions of several experts in the field of medical sciences and members of the Academy of Medical Sciences were collected via sending and receiving letters. Then all comments were analyzed and summarized.

The definition and some of the requirements of youthism and the obstacles precluding its implementation were stated then seven strategies were proposed.

Youthism guarantees the realization of the transcendent vision of the declaration of the Islamic Revolution. The realization of the strategy requires collective determination and commitment on the part of the government more than any other action and it must be achieved through action plans over time. It seems that the first and most important institution that can implemennt the strategy of youthfulness are the academic and research centers.

The presence of international organizations and agencies such as the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) investigating calamities are trusted by the scientific communities of numerous countries; by collaborating with them the reliability of these organizations and the quality and validity of their reports will increase. Scientists from our country at the Academy of Medical Sciences of the Islamic Republic of Iran scrutinized a number of ambiguities connected to the claimed Douma incident on April 7, 2018. A summary of the debates relevant to clinical signs and biological samples were sent to OPCW. Former reports concerning the chemical tragedy in Syria (in 2013 and 2017) also had a number of shortcomings which are addressed in this paper. Additionally the persistence of western news media insisting upon the fact that nerve gas was used in Syria and the relation between skripal poisoning and the Douma incident is also explained. In this paper the dangers of destroying chemical weapons via rocket attacks are discussed as well.

With the expansion of digital technology and learning models such as massive open online courses (MOOCs) and offline programming (OLP), health education system has revolutionized. Due to the unique characteristics of cyberspace, optimal use of this technology should be considered not only in functional levels, but also in policy and management. The aim of this study was to identify key factors affecting the direction and management of higher health education on cyberspace from experts and scholars perspective in Iran.
In order to conduct this qualitative study, we adhered to a thematic content analysis methodology and Braun-Clarke approaches. This study was conducted through purposeful sampling and semi-structured interviews in Iran.
Replacing the smart stewardship as the main theme, and changes in information technology (IT) infrastructure, changes in knowledge management, and networked collaboration as the sub-themes were identified. According to experts’ opinions, higher health education system for use of intelligent technologies should focus on critical components in its strategic planning and consider new solutions.
Our findings will help policymakers and educational managers to improve steer and strategic planning in medical education on cyberspace through considering involved key components, which leads to added value in the health system.

Along with the transition from the digital era to the era of cyber-technology, medical professionals have been forced to use different conceptual systems to meet their informational and communicational needs. These emerging scientific concepts each have specific meaning which should be redefined in their own context so that they could be utilized in the conceptual systems of specialized sciences including medical education. The aim of this study was to examine critically the conceptual system emerged from the changes of technology-based learning in the medical education system and to propose the concept of cyber medical education in the medical learning system.
This semi-systematic review study was conducted in 2015 with a critical approach. The databases of PubMed Central and Google Scholar were searched for publications from 1980-2015 using the keywords “information and communication technology, medical education, educational technology, technology-based learning, cyber learning, medical informatics”.
Integration of the concepts and terms of informatics and learning sciences has introduced a wide range of terminology into the scientific cycle. The extent and diversity of concepts in field of technology-based medical education have made it difficult to manage scientific contents. This paper suggested the institutionalization of the concept “cyber” at different levels of the medical education system for the purpose of medical knowledge management in the contemporary era and development of a specialized conceptual system for the next generation of physicians and other health professionals.
Critical thinking and adoption of smart approaches are essential for reviewing and even redefining some of the technology-based concepts in the field of medical education ranging from basic concepts to designing, shaping and developing future scientific centers such as virtual medical universities.

Knowing and understanding the views of educational program stakeholders, especially faculty members about the concept of value-based curriculum are requirements of appropriate planning in this field. Given multiple conceptualizations of value-based curriculum in different contexts, this research developed the conceptual components model of the value-based curriculum with respect to indigenous values from the viewpoints of experts in education of ethics and values. This qualitative study with thematic content analysis approach was performed in 2014. Six experts in education of ethics and values in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were selected through purposive sampling method and then participated in semi-structured in-depth interviews. MAXQDA 11 software was used for content analysis. Guba and Lincoln’s standards of rigor and trustworthiness were respected in this study. The main theme “value-based curriculum features” was identified and associated categories were extracted including: general and targeted value needs assessment, value-based mission statement, classification of values expected from graduates, concrete achievable outcomes and objectives of value-based learning and education, value rich contents, organization of value content, proper teaching-learning methods for internalization of values, value-oriented evaluation methods, conducive educational environment for value transfer. Indigenous conceptual model of value-based curriculum suggests a process with a precise sequence for the concrete implementation of values education in accordance with the situation in Iran.

Background and

Fluctuations in the heart rate can be affected by many factors such as breathing. The amplitude of heart rate variability during inhalation and exhalation provides a quantitative measure that puts the estimate of cardiac vagal function which is considered. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a single dose of hyoscine-N-butylbromide (hyoscine) on the amplitude of heart rate variability, namely cardiac vagal activity.

15 healthy young male subjects participated in the study. Each subject came to the laboratory twice with one week interval. Before and one hour after intramuscular injection of hyoscine or placebo, normal and deep breathing tests were performed every 10 minutes. The amplitude of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) associated with cardiac vagal activity between periods before and after administration of the drug/ or placebo were analyzed by RM_ANOVA.

Comparing with normal breathing, deep breathing increases the amplitude of the RSA. The One way ANOVA of RSA showed that hyoscine reduced the RSA amplitude that at 50 min after injection returned to basal level. Similar results were also observed during normal breathing test except that RSA amplitude at 40 min after injection of hyoscine returned to baseline.

Overall, the findings of this study showed that intramuscular injection of 20 mghyoscine reduces cardiac vagal activity that returned to base line 40-50 minutes after the injection.

Background and Squatting test and heart rate variability (HRV) are currently being used to evaluate cardiovascular autonomic nervous function. HRV indexes are able to measure vagal function, while squatting test is able to measure both sympathetic and vagal functions. Our objective in this research is to evaluate the influence of injective dicyclomine hydrochloride (DCH)-an M1 receptor selective antagonist- on autonomic nervous system function regarding HRV indexes and squatting test.Fifteen healthy males 19-24 year-old volunteers were involved in this single blind research. Each volunteer was referred two times every week and in each session the DCH (20 mg / 2ml) or placebo (2 ml) is injected to the muscle and between 30 to 40 minutes after injection, the uncontrolled normal breathing test and squatting test were conducted. After that, those parameters which show cardiac vagus and sympatic activity were measured in these tests.Administration of single dose of DCH didn’t cause any side effects; only one case of dry mouth is monitored. An increase in HRV indexes in uncontrolled normal breathing test, increase in vagal ratio, and decrease in sympathetic ratio in squatting test all caused by DCH.Although DCH is an anticholinergic agent, in muscular administration with 20 mg dose, regarding HRV parameters and squatting test, it shows cholinergic effects.