سیده زهرا ساداتی

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of spiritual therapy, emphasizing the teachings of Islam on resilience, religious orientation, and life satisfaction of divorced women. The current research was of the type of practical and quasi-experimental designs of pre-test-post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all divorced women of Sari city in the first six months of 2022. The sample of this research includes 30 people from the aforementioned community who were selected using available sampling method and were randomly included in an experimental group of spiritual therapy with an emphasis on the teachings of the religion of Islam based on the book of spiritual therapy and positive psychology approach (Safari- Nia, Mirmehdi and Sharifi, 2016) and Richards and Bergin (2005) spiritual interventions (with an Islamic approach (Arab Baferani, Kajbaf, and Abedi, 2012) and the control group was placed on the waiting list. The data using It was obtained from the religious orientation questionnaire of Allport and Ross (1950), the resilience scale questionnaire of Connor and Davidson (2003) and the life satisfaction scale of Diener, Emmons, Larsen and Griffin (1985). Variance was implemented with repeated measurement and SPSS-26 software. The results showed that spiritual therapy with an emphasis on the religious teachings of Islam on resilience (F=10.83, P<0.001), life satisfaction (F=32.06, P<0.001), internal religious orientation (F=56.06, P<0.001), and external (F=35.26, P<0.001) divorced women was effective. Therefore, it can be concluded that spiritual therapy with vine Focusing on the teachings of Islam can be an effective intervention method to improve resilience, religious orientation and life satisfaction of divorced women

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment on body image and eating disorder beliefs in girls between the ages of eighteen and thirty-five.

The current research method was applied and quasi-experimental designs of pre-test-post-test type with control group. The statistical population of this research included all overweight girls aged 18 to 35 living in Sari, 30 of whom were randomly selected using the available sampling method in two treatment groups based on acceptance and commitment. n=15) and the control group (n=15) were assigned. Data were obtained using Eating Disorder Beliefs (EDBQ), Body Image Concern Questionnaire (BICI). The data were analyzed using repeated measure analysis of variance, and the above statistical analyzes were performed using the SPSS.22 software.

The results showed that the acceptance and commitment treatment group improved body image (F=18.26, P<0.001) and eating disorder beliefs (F=35.10, P<0.001) of girls aged eighteen to Thirty-five years had a significant impact.

Therefore, it can be concluded that due to the positive effect of treatment based on acceptance and commitment on improving the body image and eating disorder beliefs of eighteen to thirty-five year old girls, the use of these methods in planning mental health measures, especially It is recommended for overweight girls aged eighteen to thirty-five.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth is a hereditary disease in which peripheral nerves are damaged, also known as hereditary sensory and motor neuropathy. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of existentialism therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment on the resilience and existential anxiety of veterans with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

The design of the current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research is all the veterans with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in Tehran, and after the necessary coordination with the veterans with Charcot-Marie-Tooth who had the necessary conditions to participate, 30 people were in the experimental groups (15 people in each group) and 15 people in the experimental group. The control group was replaced and selected randomly. To analyze the questions and hypotheses of the research, univariate covariance analysis (ANCOA) was used to examine the hypotheses, as well as independent t-tests and MANOVA to compare the groups in the research variables.

The findings of the research showed that both the existentialism treatment approach and the treatment based on acceptance and commitment have an effect on resilience and existential anxiety of Charcot-Marie-Tooth veterans. (P < 0.05

According to the obtained results, it is possible to benefit from existential treatments and treatment based on acceptance and commitment for a specific group of patients and take an effective step in reducing the mental pain of these patients.

Charcot Marie Tooth (CMT) is a genetic disease in which peripheral nerves are damaged, also known as hereditary sensory and motor neuropathy. Despite the impact of this disease on all aspects of the sufferers' lives, few studies have investigated the effectiveness of psychological treatments on death anxiety, peak experiences, and mental health of Charcot MarieTooth patients.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of existential therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment on death anxiety, peak experiences and mental health of patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

The design of the current research was a quasi-experiment with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in Tehran in 2019 and the purposeful sampling method was available. After obtaining the necessary permits and coordinating with the patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth who met the necessary entry criteria to participate in the present study, 30 people were randomly assigned to the experimental groups (15 people in each group) and 15 people to the control group. In order to collect data, Templer's Death Anxiety Scale (1970), Wilson and Monta's Peak Experience Questionnaire (2015) and Keyes' Mental Health Questionnaire (2002) were used. For data analysis, multivariate covariance analysis was used to compare groups in research variables. SPSS22 software was also used to analyze the data.

The findings of the present study showed that both existential therapy approaches and acceptance and commitment-based therapy have a significant effect on death anxiety, peak experiences, and mental health of Charcot-Marie-Toth patients (P<0.05).

According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that existential therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment can be used by doctors, psychiatrists and other mental health professionals in order to moderate death anxiety, strengthen peak experiences and mental health of patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth.

The present study investigates the effect of cultural and social factors on the tendency of early marriage of first and second grade female students in Babol. The statistical population includes all first and second grade high schools(14458) girls in Babol in 2019-2020. In this study, 102 students were selected by available random sampling. The statistical method in this study includes Pearson correlation and simple linear regression. In order to collect information, research tools including two standard questionnaires of 24 questions measuring the desire for early marriage and a questionnaire of 21 questions of cultural and social factors affecting early marriage were used. The results of testing the research hypotheses showed that cultural and social factors affect the tendency of early marriage The first and second female high school students of Babol city are effective with a significant level (0.001)Also, the use of mass media with a significant level (0.043), family residence with a significant level (0.016),Feeling of security of women with a significant level (0.000), parents' education with a level Significance (0.000) and ease of choosing a spouse on the tendency of early marriage of first and second grade female students in the city Babol are effective with a significant level (0.000). But socio-economic base with a significant level (0.102), relative distrust To women with a significant level (0.537) and traditional etiquette and behaviors with a significant level (0.130) on the tendency of early marriageThe first and second year high school girls in Babol were not recognized as influential.

Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental disorders in both primary care and clinical medicine. The existence of psychological distress in many people with social anxiety disorder has been confirmed. Symptoms of psychological distress include decreased concentration, restlessness, impaired intelligence, sleep disorders, isolation and loneliness, lethargy and weakness. Evidence has shown that people with social anxiety disorder have higher levels of mental disorders, such as depression, stress, and anxiety, than others. In addition, psychological distress is a strong predictor, stimulus, and motivator for exacerbating social anxiety disorder. Social anxiety disorder is one of the most common psychological disorders and the third most common mental disorder among the general population. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of emotion–focused therapy in reducing the fear of negative evaluation and psychological distress in people with social anxiety disorder.

The study method was quasi–experimental, using a pretest–posttest design with a control group. The statistical population comprised all female clients with social anxiety disorder referring to private counseling centers and university counseling centers in Tehran City, Iran, in 2018. The samples were selected using convenience sampling. To conduct the research a call was made to conduct research in private and public counseling centers. Then, the Social Phobia Inventory (Connor et al., 2000) was completed by the clients of counseling centers in Tehran. Among the respondents, 16 volunteered women with a higher score than the cut–off point of this questionnaire were included in the study. In addition, the Structural Clinical Interview for Axis I Disorders (SCID–I) (First et al., 1997) was performed on all individuals. Finally, based on the questionnaire and interview results, 16 women entered the intervention process after fulfilling the research conditions and meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were randomly assigned into the experimental and control groups (emotion–focused therapy) and control group. The inclusion criteria were a score of 19 or higher on the Social Phobia Inventory, a diagnosis of social anxiety based on Structural Clinical Interview for Axis I Disorders (SCID–I), an age range of 18–40 years, and not using any psychiatric medication. The experimental group participated in ten 90–minute sessions (one session per week) in emotion–focused therapy training sessions. During this, the control group did not receive any intervention and resumed their regular daily routine. The research instruments included the Negative Evaluation Fear Scale (Watson & Friend, 1969) and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995). Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (univariate covariance analysis) in SPSS version 22. The significance level of the tests was set at 0.05.

The findings showed that emotion–focused therapy was effective in reducing negative evaluation (p<0.001) and psychological distress (p<0.001) and its components: depression (p<0.001), stress (p<0.001), and anxiety (p<0.001).

Based on these results, emotion–focused therapy training in people with social anxiety disorder reduces fear of negative evaluation and psychological distress and provides a basis for improving the symptoms of social anxiety disorder.

Effective communication and the establishment of a good communication pattern between husband and wife have a prominent role in marital satisfaction and can play a crucial role in creating a sense of security and happiness for couples. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of training basic life skills on marital satisfaction and happiness in married students.
The research method was semi experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of this study included all the 180 female married students of Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr branch, in the academic year of 2017-2018. Among them, 60 students (30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group) were randomly assigned (voluntarily) to two groups of experimental and control groups. The intervention, training basic life skills, was performed for the experimental group and pre-test and post-test were performed for both groups. Date were collected vie Marital Satisfaction Scale and Happiness Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of covariance with SPSS-22 software.
The mean (SD) age of the participants in the experimental group was 32.7 (6.8) and in the control group 33.6 (7). The mean (SD) marital satisfaction score was higher after training basic life skills compared with before the training: 155.9 (41.1) vs. 120.1 (47), P Training basic life skills increased marital satisfaction and happiness among married female students.

The year of 1388 was named as the year of consumption model reforms by Iran supreme leader, Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khameneie. Consumption model reforms is the process of an abiding reform of behavior and the available consumers’ methods in usage of various goods and resources via the promotion of people’s knowledge, insight, and attitude. Therefore, it is the stabilization of correct and abiding consumption model in the form of social and cultural training.The purpose of this study is the investigation of the effective psychological, social and economical factors upon the consumption reforms of the BA students of the Islamic Azad University of Ghaemshahr in the educational year of 1389-1390.The present study is a descriptive-metrical study. The statistical universe of this study includes 7524 (seven thousands and five hundreds twenty five) male and female students of Islamic Azad University of Ghaemshahr. The sample of this study includes200 female and 144 male students that the number of sample was estimated by Cerjce and Morgan table model. The random – classified sampling plan was used in the selection of this sample studying. The needed data for the measurement of variables has been taken out ofa researcher made questioner. The researcher has used 17 questions for the measurement of effective psychological factors upon the consumption model, 9 questions for the measurement of effective social factors and 4 questions for the measurement of effective economical factors in the range of one to five (1-5) at the scale of Likert which its reliability has been equal to 81%.The Statistical analysis was done by SPSS Software and at the inferential level T was used to evaluate the degree of acceptability of each variable. For grading each variable the Frouyd – test was used. The Komologrov –Esmirnof (K-S) test was also used to determine the degree of normality of the data.The obtained results from the statistical tests shows that at the level of 5% error, the psychological, social and economical factors were influential in students’ consumption model. It also indicates that according to grading, there is a difference among the components of the psychological, social and economical factors. In other words, the psychological factors has the most effects, while the social and economical factors would stand in the next ranks in order.

The present study investigated Factors affecting cognitive failure including, Age, Sex, occupation, type of degree,  Terms of conditional  and also Cognitive failure associated with Academic failure.  The study is descriptive and correlation.  Statistical Society Includes all students  of Azad University , Yadegar-e-Emam Khomeini (RH) SHahreray  Branch(N=22904). Students were studying in 93-92 first term. Relative cluster random sampling method was used. 384 samples were selected as the main studied participants. . Cognitive Failure Questionnaire (CFQ) and Personal profile were the data collection instruments. Cronbach's alpha for the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire ./79 Obtained. In order to investigate the relationship between variables and comparing them appropriate statistical  procedure, Pearson correlation coefficient, Path Analysis,  T-Test and one – way ANOVA were used. There was not significant discrepancy between cognitive failure and academic failure. Also the relationship between cognitive failure and Sex, occupation, type of degree,  Terms of conditional was  not significant. The relationship between Age and cognitive  failure was Positive. Although cognitive failure predicted Occupational accidents and traffic , but  cognitive failure could not be a predictor of Academic failure. Could be due to the anxiety of test conditions. Because it increases the level of consciousness and cognitive control students.

This study attempts to compare the metacognitive beliefs of three groups, namely, schizophrenic patients, depressed patients and normal individuals. This Research is a causative-comparative study in which 90 individuals (30 schizophrenic patients, 30 depressed patients and 30 normal individuals; each containing an equal number of males and females) were participated. They were selected from the volunteered patients of two psychiatric centers – Roozbeh Tehran and Zare Sari – in 2009. The normal individuals were randomly selected. Based on the psychiatrist's diagnosis, each group was evaluated by metacognitive questionnaire long form. ANOVA is used to analyze the data. The findings of the study show that there are significant differences among the scores of schizophrenic, depressed and normal groups. The mean scores of metacognitive beliefs and its elements, except cognitive self-consciousness are higher than those of depressed and normal individuals. Moreover, the metacognitive beliefs scores of depressed group is significantly higher than those of normal group. In comparison with the normal group, the schizophrenic and depressed groups gained higher mean scores. Schizophrenic patients in comparison with other groups have disordered beliefs.

The aim of conducting the current descriptive research was the comparison of trained and untrained teachers’ skills in the course of action research in three fields of research insight, problem solving and teaching process. The subjects of this study included 33,368 trained teachers and 12,000 untrained ones from a scholarship initiative course who were working in the township and regional schools of Mazandaran Education Department during the educational years of 1387–1388. The cluster sampling design was used to select the subjects of the study which included two groups of trained and untrained teachers of scholarship initiative course whom were selected based on the Cochran formula. The number of trained teachers was 232 and the number of trained ones was 196.The required data for measuring the variables were obtained from the questionnaire and the researcher-made behavioral–examining checklist. To measure the inquisitive attitude of the studied sample an attitude-examining questioner including 63 questions on Likert scale was used, and for measuring the problem solving scales and teaching process of the studied sample, the behavioral examining checklist was used each contained 20 items in the range of 1 to 5 in Likert scale. The reliability of attitude examining tool of requisites teaching attitude (in research field) was 0.81, and the checklist of behavioral examining of teaching process was 0.76. The statistical analysis of the data was done by SPSS software. At the inferential level, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov was used to determine the normality of data and the T-test of the two independent groups and one-way analysis of variance were used as well. The obtained results of descriptive and inferential spastics are as follows: The obtained results of the statistical test indicated that there was no significant difference between the inquisitive attitude and skills and teaching process of the two groups of trained and untrained teachers from scholarship course, but there were significant differences in the level of 5% error among the two mentioned groups. Other results of this study show that there have been significant differences in the skill of inquisitive attitudes of trained teachers at different educational periods, but there have been no significant differences in the skills of inquisitive attitudes of trained teachers with various service records. Also, comparatively speaking, there have been no significant differences in terms of the ‘problem solving skill’ and the ‘teaching processes between trained teachers with different services records and teachers with the experience of teaching at different courses.