سیده مریم عاملی رضایی

Literary text is the hidden narration of moving a human being to the world of imagination. Writing has a refining and healing role in different time periods in either the group riots or personal stresses. Narrative structures are interconnected to the mental structures in a texture of the days and world of author, and include the new narrative and structural skills. Social or natural crises and riots cause the existential crises, and some new styles and structures are arisen from among these riots by upside down of the world and human psyche so that the origin of modern novel, Decameron, is resulted from the heart of plaque in the 14th century. The conversation among psyche and context is a refining process arranged in art. As a skillful psychoanalyst in literary criticism theories, Julia Kristeva knows the role of refining the literature and art in modern periods in description, vacation and removal of pollution by word. Work of art organizes a stress in the heart of artist in a symbolic form by creating another world. The mystery of creation of the first novel may be: outflow of rejections and acceptance of disharmonic and incompatible emotions together through a symbolic issue and reasoning network reappeared in a symbolic form. Boccaccio's Decameron was a new and innovative narration upon the collapse of social systems due to plague, changing to the leading of modern novel concurrent to the decline of traditions by breaking tradition in style and content.

Archetypic criticism is an approach which has had considerable development in writing the scientific papers in recent decades. It is mostly used in literary studies and is interconnected to the literature. Designed by a research plan, this paper studies the archetypic criticism in Iran discussed in literary criticism in the academic papers related to the epic genre, and analyzes the discourse of archetypic criticism, its repetitive elements and also the development of such elements in papers. It starts by reviewing the works of effective individuals on introducing archetypic criticism, its discourse, its historical and thematic developments in epic genre, employing a descriptive- analytical method. Interdisciplinary studies have focused on archetypic approach since the 1960s. In the 1980s and 1990s, many authors especially those who are now well-known in this field, opened a new way in studies of archetypic criticism. The dominance of content analyses, comparative reading and discovering the meaning, are some considerable specifications of papers of this period. During the 2010s many academic papers were published on this matter and the current paper has investigated their structure and method.

In this study, based on the discourse analysis approach in the framework of the theory of "James Paul J." and "Ruth wodak", the reflection of prominent elements of female identity in the form of women's memoirs - with reference to four works of the Constitutional and Pahlavi eras - is examined and analyzed. The results of the study show that these works, by using language in situations, open a world that is a construction of the lived experiences of women and the great discourses of tradition and modernity in Iran. Hence, women's narrative in memoirs focuses on highlighting elements and components of women's identity in the modern world and marginalizing the old traditional discourse. The analysis women's memories in one area shows that a new understanding of human identity has been formed and women in terms of identity have gradually moved away from their traditional identities and found new identities that originate from the modern world and pluralism. On the other hand, female memoirists have at the same time been able to obtain a consistent combination of elements of modern and traditional life and redefine their identity based on lived experiences and historical understanding of modern-day relations.

Ghaem Magham Farahani is considered one of the great politicians of the Qajar period and has several writings, the most important of which is called Manshat. Manshat is a letter written in a simple and fluent style during the bureaucracy period and as a literary genre it has the capacity to be studied based on the theory of application of the principles of literature. Therefore, in this study, the theory of literature in the family letters of the deputy in the source is examined and analyzed in order to evaluate his personality and the way of communication with family members. Numerous theories have been expressed about the principles of literature, in this article, from Brown and Levinson's theory, based on the strategies of negative literature and positive literature, direct and indirect speeches; And Calper's theory has been used in relation to the strategy of positive etiquette and negative etiquette, and direct violation. The results of this research which was done by descriptive-analytical method; It shows that Farahani's deputy has benefited a lot from positive literature for his audience; And he has used negative literature to express his interest and has threatened someone less. Positive etiquette violations based on lack of empathy or inappropriate labels account for a small percentage, and negative etiquette violations and direct etiquette violations are very few in these letters. He also uses indirect expression as a reason for polite behavior; It is used more than direct expression.