فهرست مطالب سیروس فارسی

The prominent role of HIF1α gene in adaptation to aerobic exercise has been confirmed. So far, there is no accurate information about the genotypes of this gene, so the aim of the present study was to determine and investigate the amount of changes in maximum oxygen consumption in response to aerobic exercise among carriers of different HIF-1α genotypes.

The present semi-experimental study of developmental and applied type was conducted in 2021. The studied samples were 23 inactive overweight women (height 157 ± 2.8 cm, weight 74 ± 1.8 kg, age 38 ± 5.4 years, body mass index 32 ± 2.4 kg/m2, selection and They participated in 8 weeks of aerobic training including 5 sessions per week and each session lasting 30 minutes with increasing intensity (55-75% of maximum heart rate). Before and after the training period, aerobic power (VO2max) was measured through the Bruce test. Sample Saliva was collected from all the subjects within 24 hours and sent to the laboratory to determine the genotype. The subjects were divided into two genotypic groups, including CC and CT. The collected data were analyzed using Levin's and independent t-tests at the 95% confidence level. became

The findings indicated that the aerobic capacity of CC and CT genotypes of HIF1-α gene increased. No significant difference was observed between the two genotype groups (p=0.079 and p=0.544). Although to some extent, the average value of changes in aerobic power of CT genotype after 8 weeks of aerobic training was higher than the other two genotypes, but this difference was not significant.

Eight weeks of aerobic training led to an increase in aerobic capacity in inactive obese women, and in this regard, the increase of HIF1-α followed by the induction of hypoxia plays a role. However, it does not seem that there is a difference between the different genotypes of the gene. HIF1-α is present in these changes.

This research aimed to investigate the relationship between HIF1-α and VEGF gene genotypes and changes in aerobic capacity following eight weeks of moderate-intensity endurance training in inactive women.

Twenty-three inactive women aged 34 to 43 years old were conveniently selected and performed aerobic training for eight weeks and five 30-minute sessions per week with an intensity of 55% to 75% of maximum heart rate. Before and after the training period, aerobic capacity was measured by the Bruce test. A saliva sample was taken and different genotypes of the HIF1-α gene including CC and different genotypes of the VEGF gene including GG, CG, and CC were measured. Statistical methods of Paired t-test and ANOVA were used to observe mean differences in aerobic capacity and the Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RLFP) method was used to check genotypes.

The results of changes in the aerobic capacity of the subjects and investigation of the relationship between the different genotypes of VEGF and HIF1-α genes following eight weeks of moderate-intensity endurance training, the aerobic capacity of CC and CT genotypes of the HIF1-α gene were equal pre and post-intervention (p=0.529). Also, GG, CC, and CG genotypes of the VEGF gene were equal to the CG genotype (p=0·873). The CT genotype of the HIF1-α gene has the most increase, but this increase was not significant. 

Therefore, Eight weeks of moderate-intensity endurance training increases the aerobic capacity of HIF1-a and VEGF gene profiles in inactive obese women, but the changes in aerobic capacity of these gene profiles are not significant.

the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of intense continuous and intermittent exercise with crocin on AP-1 and NF-kb levels in obese Wistar rats. The present study was an experimental study that was conducted as an experimental and control group. In this study, 42 male Spragodwali rats were used. Mice over 310 g were considered obese mice. In order to prepare crocin, first the prepared crocin powder was purchased and then every day, 495 mg of crocin was combined with 18 ml of physiological serum and daily in a certain amount with insulin syringe, intraperitoneally to mice. Field was injected.The results of the present study showed that eight weeks of crocin use had a significant effect on reducing Nfkb and AP-1 gene expression levels in mice. The results also showed that eight weeks of endurance training had a significant effect on reducing AP-1 expression, however, the effect of intense intermittent training was greater than that of low-intensity continuation. Endurance training had no effect on reducing Nfkb in heart tissue. Eight weeks of endurance training and crocin consumption decreased AP-1 gene expression levels, but the interaction between endurance training and crocin consumption in reducing Nfkb gene expression levels in the heart tissue of obese rats was not significant. Eight weeks of endurance training and crocin use reduced AP-1 gene expression levels. The interaction of endurance training and crocin consumption in reducing Nfkb gene expression levels in the heart tissue of obese rats was not significant.

The studies of the last two decades have shown that regular training is associated with the reduction of mortality among patients with breast cancer, and has an important role in inhibiting breast cancer progression as well as treatment of the disease. However, the micro-molecular mechanisms involved are not fully understood yet. However, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the expression of miR-126, miR-296, HGS gene, and VEGF-A protein level in tumor tissue of the mice with breast cancer.  

For this purpose, 12 BALB/c mice (6-8 weeks, weight 19 ± 1.05 g), after induction of cancer (MC4-L2 subcutaneous injection into the right side of the mice), were randomly divided into two groups with 6 in each group: HIIT and control. Each session of HIIT group program includes six intervals of three minutes and 20 seconds with an intensity of 85 to 90 percent of VO2max and 1-minute recovery with 30 to 35 percent VO2max intensity between each interval; and the animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the last training session and the expression of miR-126, miR-296, HBS gene and VEGF protein levels in tumor tissues were examined.

The statistical results showed that the implementation of HIIT significantly reduced the expression of miR-296 and subsequently increased the HGS gene expression and led to increased expression levels of miR-126 and decreased levels of VEGF-A protein in the training group compared to the control group (p<0.05).

It seems that HIIT, by suppressing tumor angiogenesis signaling pathways, could be an effective intervention to inhibit the growth of breast tumors.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of eight weeks moderate-intensity endurance training on hypocampic brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) receptor gene expression in the rats with hippocampal degeneration model. In this experiment, twenty four mature Sprague-dawley male rats were subjected to Alzheimer’s disease through intraperitoneally injection of 8 mg/kg Trimethytin (TMT) and then were divided into (1) Alzheimer-infected control group, (2) endurance training, and (3) sham to study the impact of the disease on the variables. Sixteen healthy rats were assigned to the control group that eight rats sacrifice at first week and eight rats sacrifice at last week. The rats in the endurance training group ran on a rat treadmill with the speed of 15 to 20 meters per minute for 15 to 30 minutes in each session, 3 times a week for 8 weeks. To analyze the results of the tests, one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were run using SPSS The results revealed that induction of Alzheimer’s disease by TMT decreases the BDNF and TrkB receptor gene expression in rats. The results, also indicated that there were no significant differences in hypocampic BDNF and TrkB receptor gene expression between endurance training group and sham group. According to the study results, it seems that endurance training with specific intensity and duration utilized in this study had not significant effect on changes of hypocampic BDNF and TrkB receptor gene expression in the rats with hippocampal degeneration model.

Obese and overweight people are always at risk of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of 8 weeks of low intensity continuous and high intensity interval training on sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and long-chain Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) gene in the heart tissue of the obese rats.

Twenty one Sprague - Dawley obese rats were selected and randomly divided into three groups (n=7) including (1) high intensity interval training (HIIT), (2) low intensity continuous training, and (3) control groups. Interval and continuous training groups were trained three sessions per week with intensity of 80 to 85 and 50 to 55 percent of the maximum running speed on a treadmill for 8 weeks. After RNA extraction from cardiac tissue and cDNA synthesis, the expression of SIRT1 and LCAD genes was quantitatively calculated using real time-PCR. For statistical analysis the Shapiro-Wilk, covariance analysis, one-way ANOVA, and Benferoni post hoc tests were used to analyze data at a significant level of p≤0.05.

The expression of SIRT1 gene in HIIT group (p=0.001) and low intensity continuous training (p=0.001) was significantly higher than control group; Moreover, the expression of LCAD gene in the HIIT group was significantly higher than control group (p=0.001) and low intensity continuous training (p=0.001). On the other hand, the weight of the rats in the HIIT group in the post-test was significantly lower than control group (p=0.001) and low intensity continuous training (p=0.001).

It seems that HIIT as compare to low intensity continuous training has more positive effect on improvement of SIRT1 and LCAD genes expression in the heart tissue of the obese rats.

Apoptosis is a highly organized and programmed process that plays a vital role in monitoring various types of non-pathological cell events; however, the effect of various sport activities with various intensities on apoptosis is still not fully identified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of interval and continuous training on some apoptotic markers in the heart tissue of rats. 20 rats were randomly divided into four groups: first week control, last week control, interval training, and continuous training. Interval training was performed for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, and 2- 8 intervals each session with the intensity of 85-110% of maximum sprint speed, while continuous training was performed for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, 16-40 minutes per session equal to 55-60% of maximum sprint speed. To analyze the findings, independent t test and MANOVA were employed using SPSS software (P≤0.05). The gene expression levels of Bax, Caspase 9, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in continuous training and interval training groups were significantly lower than the last week control group (P≤0.05); gene expression levels of Bcl-2 in interval training group were significantly higher than the last week control group (P≤0.05). There were no significant differences in gene expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase 9, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in continuous training and interval training groups (P≥0.05). It seems that interval and continuous training have the same effects on cell anti-apoptotic adaptations in the heart tissues of Sprague Dawley male rats.

Obesity is associated with a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and fatty liver, which are a serious health threat and cause many deaths worldwide. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a spirulina supplementation course with nonlinear resistance training on liver enzymes in obese women. Forty obese women in Parsian city were selected through Purposive sampling method and were randomly divided into four groups of 10 people including nonlinear resistance exercise, spirulina supplement, nonlinear resistance exercise + spirulina supplement and placebo. Interventions were performed for 8 weeks. Twenty four hours before and 48 hours after the intervention, blood samples were taken from all four groups at 12 hours fasting. For each sample, AST, ALT and ALP levels were measured. The supplement and placebo group consumed 2 capsules of spirulina daily or starch in the morning and evening meals, respectively. To compare the differences between variables in study groups and blood sampling times, mixed ANOVA was used. The results showed that there was no significant difference in AST (p = 0.25), ALT (p = 0.92) and ALP (p = 0.76) enzymes between groups. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that eight weeks of nonlinear resistance training and spirulina supplementation have no effect on the liver enzymes in obese women and thus do not improve the enzymatic markers of their liver function. Inadequate training and supplement intake and lack of proper diet control may be the reason for lack of improvement.

Although studies that emphasize the importance of exercise exist, the interaction effects of exercise with saffron intake on cognitive functions in Alzheimer’s patients are not well known. The aim of present study was to examine the effect of eight weeks endurance training with saffron intake on working memory and passive avoidance memory in rats treated with neurotoxin as a model of Alzheimer’s disease.

In this experiment, forty mature Sprague-dawley male rats were subjected to Alzheimer’s disease through intraperitoneally injection of 8 mg/kg Trimethytin (TMT) and then were divided into 1) Alzheimer-infected control group, 2) endurance training, 3) endurance training with saffron intake, 4) saffron intake, and 5) sham to study the impact of the disease on the variables. Eight healthy rats were assigned to the control group. The rats in the second and the third groups ran on a rat treadmill with the speed of 15 to 20 meters per minute for 15 to 30 minutes in each session, 3 times a week for 8 weeks. The rats in the third and the fourth groups received daily IP injections of 25 mg/kg body weight of saffron liquid extract for 8 weeks. Working memory and passive avoidance memory were measured through Y-maze test and shuttle box text, respectively. To analyze the results of the tests, one-way ANOVA, Tukey post hoc test, and two-way ANOVA were run using SPSS.

The data indicated that the endurance training alone and the intake of saffron liquid extract could significantly improve the working memory (F=11.09 and P=0.002 for endurance training and F=7.51 and P=0.01 for saffron liquid) and passive avoidance memory (F=22.20 and P=0.001 for endurance training and F=25.83 and P=0.01 for saffron liquid) in Alzheimer-infected rats. Also, the effect of the interaction of the endurance training and the saffron liquid extract in reducing the time spent in the dark chamber was significant (F=23.07 and P=0.001) while this interaction was not significant in increasing the time spent in the dark chamber and the percentage of the intermittent behavior of the rats in the TMT model of Alzheimer’s disease.

It seems that endurance training and saffron liquid extract intake, improve the working memory and passive avoidance in rats with Alzheimer’s disease in TMT model.

Obesity is associated with cardiovascular disease, followed by pathological cardiac hypertrophy. However, physical activity (resistance training) plays a role in modulating some of the intracellular messenger pathways associated with the regulation of pathologic hypertrophy. The aim of this study was to investigate The effect of resistance training on the expression of cardiac muscle growth regulator messenger genes in obese male rats.

 In this experimental study, 18 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups; healthy control (n=6) and obesity control (n = 6) and resistance training (n = 6) after eight weeks of using high fat diet. Total resistance training was performed for a total of eight weeks. 48 hours after completion of the curcumin supplement protocol, the rats were dissected and their heart muscle removed. The expression of genes (AMPK, mTOR, S6K, 4EBP, COL1, COL3, AngII) was calculated using Real Time-PCR technique and the 2-∆∆CTmethod. One way ANOVA was used to determine the significance of the variables among the study groups.

The results showed that the resistance training group compared to the control group showed an increase in expression of mTOR (P = 0.068), 4EBP (P = 0.054), which was not statistically significant. On the other hand, expression of S6K (P = 0.002) AMPK (P = 0.008) increased significantly. Also, there was a decrease in the expression of collagen 1 (P = 0.225), collagen 3 (p = 0.044) Ang II (p = 0.104) and differences were statistically significant.

Muscle obesity seems to cause cardiac pathological hypertrophy and accelerate the process of heart aging, but resistance training, which is an appropriate replacement, has somewhat reduced the negative effects of obesity on cardiac function in the cardiac aging process. that replaces the proper and partly negative effects of obesity on cardiac function in the process of heart aging has been reduced.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nonlinear resistance training along with supplementation of spirulina on serum leptin and Ghrelin in obese women. A sample of 40 healthy obese women with body mass index (BMI) of 30 and above were selected through stratified sampling method. They were randomly assigned to four groups of nonlinear resistance training, spirulina supplement, nonlinear resistance training + spirulina supplementation and Placebo. Interventions were done for 8 weeks. 24 hours before and 48 hours after the end of the interventions, blood samples were taken from groups in a 12-hour fasting state. For each sample, leptin and ghrelin serum levels were measured . The nonlinear resistance training program included exercising weight training at varying intensity, with emphasis on muscular endurance. Supplements and placebo daily consumed 2 capsules of 500 mg of spirulina or starch. In order to compare and evaluate in two blood sampling times, the inter-interstitial analysis of variance analysis was used in a 4 × 2 test. There was no significant change in the level of Ghrelin (P>0.05). Leptin levels decreased significantly in the two groups nonlinear resistance training + spirulina supplementation and nonlinear resistance compared to the other two groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the variables of the two nonlinear resistance training + spirulina supplementation and nonlinear resistance training groups and between the variables of the two groups of spirulina and placebo(P>0.05). Probably eight weeks of nonlinear resistance training will lead to improved fat metabolism in overweight

Obesity causes heart muscle atrophy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin supplement on expression of PGC1α, FoxO3a, MuRF1, MAFbx as regulators of cardiac muscle atrophy of rats.

12 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups: obese (n = 6) and curcumin supplement (n = 6) after eight weeks of using high fat diet. The rats received curcumin for eight weeks and 150 mg / kg daily. The expression of genes was performed using Real Time-PCR technique. The expression of genes was calculated using the 2-∆∆CTmethod. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the significance of the variables among the study groups.

The administration of curcumin resulted in a significant reduction in the expression of genes of FoxO3a (P = 0.008), MAFbx (P = 0.02), MuRF1 (P = 0.001), and a significant increase in PGC1α gene expression (P = 0.004).

Probably, administration of curcumin can be used to suppress heart muscle atrophy due to obesity by controlling the muscle atrophy pathway.

Curcumin is one of the most important nutritional polyphenols that is included in daily supplements diet highly and plays a role in moderating some of the intracellular messenger pathways associated with the regulation of pathologic hypertrophy. The purpose of the present study is to survey the effect of curcumin supplementation on the expression of some genes regulators of the pathological processes of the heart muscle in rats. In this eight-week experimental study, 12 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups: obesity control (n=6) and curcumin supplement (n=6). Curcumin supplementation was conducted for eight weeks. 24 hours after the completion of the curcumin supplement protocol, the rats were dissected and their heart muscle was removed. The expression of the genes (AMPK, mTOR, S6K, 4EBP, COL1, COL3, and Ang) was performed using Real-Time PCR technique. The expression of the genes was calculated by the 2-∆∆CT method. One way ANOVA was applied to determine the significance of the variables among the study groups. This study with research ethics code IR.SUMS.REC.1396.S446 has been approved by research ethics committee at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The results has showed that supplement group of curcumin reduced the expression of mTOR (p < 0.001), S6K (p < 0.011), 4EBP (p > 0.005) collagen 1 (p > 0.002), Collagen 3 (p < 0.001) and Ang (p < 0.003) compared to the placebo group. There was also an increase in the expression of AMPK gene (p < 0.001) which was statistically significant. it seems that the supplementation of 10 mg curcumin moderate the pathological pathway of cardiac muscle hypertrophy by reducing or keeping up the expression of mTOR gene in obese rats and increasing the expression of AMPK gene. Moreover, this supplement can affect on reducing the pathological hypertrophy during the consumption of curcumin supplementation

Alcohol overdose can induce increment in free radicals. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of swimming training and Curcumin in withdrawal period of alcohol overdose on superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malone dealdeid (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) of rats. 40 rats were selected and administered alcohol every 8 hours for 4 days. Then they were subjected to the withdrawal of alcohol for six days and in seventh day divided in 5 groups of 8 rats (1) control (2) Curcumin (3) swimming training (4) Curcumin and swimming training (5) sham. Groups 3 and 4 swam 5 sessions per week for 2 weeks and groups 2 and 4 used Curcumin 5 times per week for 2 weeks peritoneally. For statistical analysis of data two-way ANOVA was used (p≤0.05). Swimming training had significant effect on increase of SOD (p=0.001), GPX (p=0.001) and TAC (p=0.009) and reduction of MDA (p=0.001) and PC (p=0.001) of rats. Curcumin had significant effect on increase of SOD (p=0.001) and GPX (p=0.001) and reduction of MDA (p=0.001) and PC (p=0.001) of rats but had no significant effect on TAC (p=0.34) also Curcumin and swimming training had interactive effects on increase of SOD (p=0.001) and GPX (p=0.001) and reduction of PC (p=0.009) of rats but had no interactional effect on TAC (p=0.48) and MDA (p=0.13). Probably, swimming training and curcumin can be applied simultaneously in withdrawal period of alcohol overdose to increase antioxidant factors.

diabetes is chronic disease which induces increase in inflammatory factors and endothelial disorders. Aim of present study was to review the response of ICAM-1, VCAM- 1 and CRP to high and moderate endurance trainings in diabetic rats.
In this experimental research 32 diabetic male sprague dawley rats selected and base on their blood glucose divided in 4 groups of 8 rats (1) diabetes sacrifice firs week, (2) diabetes sacrifice last week, (3) moderate intensity endurance training and (4) high intensity endurance training and for review the effects of diabetes induction 16 healthy rats divided in 2 groups of healthy sacrifice firs week and healthy sacrifice last week. Rats of high and moderate intensity endurance trainings ran on treadmill for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week and 60 minutes with intensity of 10- 17 and 17- 28 meter per minute. For statistical analysis of data used K-S, one way ANOVA and tukey post hoc tests.
Results showed diabetes induction significantly increases ICAM-1 (p=0.001), VCAM- 1 (p=0.001) and CRP (p=0.01) of rats. 8 weeks moderate intensity endurance training significantly reduces ICAM-1 (p=0.001), VCAM- 1 (p=0.003) and CRP (p=0.001) of diabetic rats and 8 weeks high intensity endurance training significantly reduces ICAM-1 (p=0.04), VCAM- 1 (p=0.04) and CRP (p=0.001) of diabetic rats. Also moderate and high intensity endurance trainings have equal effect on ICAM-1 (p=0.53), VCAM- 1 (p=0.90) and CRP (p=0.99) of diabetic rats
Moderate and high intensity endurance trainings have equal effects on reduction of ICAM-1, VCAM- 1and CRP of diabetic rats.