فهرست مطالب شهربانو رعدی

Considering the existence of many medicinal plants in Iran and the high prevalenceof oral candidiasis, the present study aims to evaluate the inhibitory effects of Nepeta crispa L.and Nepeta cataria extracts on Candida albicans growth.

After preparing the extracts of two plants, their minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimum lethal concentration (MLC) for C albicans were measured by broth microdilutionmethod. The inhibitory effect of the extracts was evaluated by the disk diffusion method and measuringthe diameter of inhibition zone. Data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 22. The significant levelwas set at 0.05.

The MIC of N. crispa L. and N. cataria extracts was 1.1 and 2.4 μg/mL, respectively. Their MLC was4 and 6 μg/mL, respectively. The highest inhibition zone diameter was for nystatin (21.31 mm), while thelowest diameter was for N. cataria extract (11.60 mm). No. significant difference was observed in theinhibition zone diameter between nystatin and N. crispa L. extract (P>0.05).

The inhibitory effect of N. crispa L. extract on the candida albicans growth is not significantlydifferent from the effect of nystatin. Although N. cataria extract has inhibitory effect, its effect is significantlylower than the effect of nystatin.

Viewing to the increased incidence of candidiasis, the bitter taste of nystatin, and the need for its repeated administration, the role of medicinal plants as well as global trends in herbal medicine, the present study was performed to compare the inhibitory effect of Thymus eriocalyx and Thymus kotschyanus with nystatin on the growth of Candida albicans.
In this in vitro study the minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentration of essential oils of Thymus eriocalyx and Thymus kotschyanus on the growth of Candida albicansans was determined and then the diameter of growth inhibition of the two plants adjacent minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentration were compared with inhibition zone of nystatin. Data was analysed by SPSS using one-way ANOVA at the significance level of 0.05.
In this study the minimum inhibitory concentration of plant Thymus eriocalyx and Thymus kotschyanus was 4.2 μl/ml and 3.3 μl/ml respectively and minimum fungicidal concentrations of these two plants, was 4.2μl/ ml and 4 μl/ ml, respectively. The diameter of growth inhibition zone of Thymus eriocalyx in MIC and MFC was 19.5 mm and 18.95 mm; respectively. These diameters were 18.4 mm and 21.05 mm for Thymus kotschyanus in MIC and MFC; respectively. The results of statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the diameter of growth inhibition zone of essential oils and nystatin (P>0.05).
Based on the results of present study, the essential oil of Thymus eriocalyx and Thymus kotschyanus have appropriate inhibitory effects on the growth of the Candida albicans. The inhibitory effect of these essential oils is comparable with nystatin.

Introduction & Salivary antioxidants play important roles in the defensive mechanism of saliva against free radicals. Due to Prevalence of diabetes and numerous factors associated in its pathogenesis, understanding the defensive mechanism of salivary antioxidant against free radicals can provide helpful strategies in diagnosis and evaluation of diabetes. The aim of this study was evaluation of the paraoxonase (PON1) levels and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of saliva in diabetic subjects. In this case -control study, 40 patients diagnosed with type II diabetes (20 males and 20 females) aged between 40 to 60 years and 40 healthy controls were selected. 5 mL unstimulated saliva samples using Spiting method were collected. PON-I and TAC levels were examined using FRAP (Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma) methods. The data were ana-lyzed by t- test or its non parametric equivalent tests. Mean PON-I in the subjects and control group were 8.05±2.099 nmol /ml 9.98 ±2.957 nmol/ml, respectively and the difference was significant (P=0.001) TAC in saliva of the sub-jects and control group were 377.38 ±191.229 and 402.25±189.105 and no significant differ-ence was found (P=0.56). The level of salivary TAC, PON-1 of patients with type II diabetes was lower than healthy controls. Additionally, plasma low density lipoproteins level of the diabetic subjects was higher compared with the healthy ones.

Malignent Fibrous Histiocytoma (MFH) is the most frequent soft tissue sarcoma of adulthood. The most common sites affected by MFH are limbs، orbit، retroperitoneum، pelvis and knee. Oral cavity and mandible involvements are very rare. Case Report: A 35-year-old male was visited in the oral medicine department of Hamadan dental school with the chief complaint of pain and teeth mobility. The patient also had a history of paresthesia in lower lip for two monthes. In intraoral examination، there was a crater like، deep and disseminated ulcer in lower buccal and ligual gingiva of right mandibular teeth and exophitic lesion with smooth surface، and color similar to normal mucosa with 2×2×3 cm in diameter in buccal and lingual part of right lateral and central teeth extended to left second premolar was observed. Gingival resorption was observed in all adjascent teeth. There was radiolucency with irregular border in all part of lesion. MFH was confirmed by histopathological report.

The most common complaint of patients with malignant fibrous histiocytoma is the growing mass that could be ulcerative or painful. Early diagnosis and referral is very important in prognosis and survival of the patients.

Diabetes is a most common chronic disease. Gestational diabetes is one type of diabetes that starts during pregnancy. Saliva sampling as a simple diagnostic method can reflect the serum changes. Antioxidants, especially micronutrient and toxic metals, can influence diabetes pathogenesis and its complications. According to the limited studies available in this field, the aim of this study is to evaluate salivary chromium and cadmium levels in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus, in comparison with non-diabetic pregnant women.

This case control study was conducted between 2009 to 2011 in Hamadan city. Samples of 5cc unstimulated saliva from 35 gestational diabetes mellitus and 35 non diabetic pregnant women of a same age range were collected. Chromium and cadmium was measured by the atomic absorption method. Data were analyzed by t-test using SPSS software.

cadmium level was higher than in the control group (P=0.001), but Chromium showed a nonsignificant decrease (P=0.254).

Results of this study show chromium and cadmium levels differed between gestational diabetes mellitus and non diabetic pregnant women, a difference that was statistically significant for cadmium, and saliva sampling can be used instead to measure these metals.

Few studies have shown the role of oxidative stress in gestational diabetes mellitus. Increased oxidative stress and antioxidant defense dysfunction could be one of the etiologic factors in gestational diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to evaluate levels of salivary antioxidants in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and their comparison with non-diabetic pregnant women. In this semi-experimental study that was done in 2009-2011 in Hamadan, 5 cc unstimulated saliva from 35 gestational diabetics and 35 non-diabetic pregnant women with an age range of 25-40 and BMI of 25-40 was collected. Enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase, uric acid and total antioxidant capacity were measured with special kits by spectrophotometric method. Data were analyzed by t-test using SPSS program. Activity of superoxide dismutase in gestational diabetes mellitus was significantly lower than control group (p<0.001). Total antioxidant capacity changes was not significant and uric acid changes was also the same as total antioxidant capacity level and was not significant (p=0.663). Antioxidants deficiency and altered response to elevated levels of oxidative stress seems to have a role in pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus.