شهلا کریمی

Despite the importance of the issue of green marketing challenges in small and medium businesses, little research has been done to summarize and analyze the scattered content of this field. The purpose of this research is to analyze the challenges of green marketing in small and medium businesses.

The upcoming article with a qualitative approach and using the meta-combination method, the seven-stage model of Sandelowski and Barroso examines the issue of what challenges there are for the development of green marketing and what are the solutions to face it. Based on this, the articles published in reliable domestic and foreign scientific databases until 2023 were identified and searched, then they were classified and categorized based on the logic of open coding and coding based on sociological structures.

The findings of this study led to the identification of 68 concepts, which were categorized into 12 categories. Finally, the results of the analysis were presented in the form of an analytical model.

Green marketing challenges in small and medium-sized enterprises are affected by the nature of activity and activity environment at three levels: Enterprise level challenges (paradigm-informational-communication-standardization-innovation-marketing-functional) industry/market challenges (industry and market balance) And macro-environmental challenges (environmental-legal-consumers) can be divided, which play a role at a level of independent or intertwined effects. Based on the findings, the improvement of the green marketing situation in small and medium businesses depends on the cooperation and coordination of all three levels of the company, industry/market and macro environmental variables.

The purpose of this research was to analyze the challenges of sustainable entrepreneurship ecosystem in Kurdistan province. In terms of approach, the present research is mixed (qualitative-quantitative) of sequential-exploratory type, and in terms of purpose, it is part of career research and has been carried out using descriptive-analytical method. The study population (statistics) of the current research included all experts in the field of the subject studied at the level of Kurdistan province. In the qualitative phase, the challenges were identified using the qualitative content analysis method, and then in the quantitative phase, they were prioritized using the hierarchical analysis (AHP). To collect data in the qualitative stage, semi-structured interview tools, group discussion, document review and field note-taking were used, and in the quantitative stage, researcher-made questionnaires for paired comparisons were used. According to the findings of the research, the challenges of the sustainable entrepreneurship ecosystem of Kurdistan province in order of relative weight are: financial and economic capital 0.169, human capital 0.164, infrastructure 0.153, market 0.149, support challenge 0.119, political challenge 0.115, cultural-social challenge 0.072 and psychological challenge 0.058. Based on the findings, the improvement and development of financial systems to provide the necessary and efficient capital, as well as the development of human capital, is necessary and necessary to improve the entrepreneurial ecosystem of Kurdistan province.

In recent decades, the general public of the world is involved in employment issues and problems. Has been. Now, if Iran wants to follow the path of the resistance economy considered by the Leader of the Islamic Revolution, it must pay attention to the capacities of e-commerce businesses. The success of these businesses also depends on the strategies adopted by the founders and the business environment, which with a coherent model of commercialization of their business activities can advance the problems and challenges. Reduce themselves to a minimum. Therefore, the present study explains and designs the commercialization model of services provided by businesses active in the field of e-commerce. The present study is a qualitative research with the foundation data theory approach. The field of research has been the founders of start-ups and knowledgeable individuals in the field of commercialization of services provided by e-commerce businesses. In this regard, purposive sampling was used in Abenda and then the snowball method was used. The number of participants in the study using the theoretical saturation index reached 14 people. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and library and internship documents. The research results show 22 main categories that are drawn in a paradigm. At the core of the paradigm model is the commercialization of services.

Social accountability in medical education is interpreted as the willingness and ability to adapt to the needs of patients and the healthcare system both nationally and globally. The speed of changes in the health system and the community’s needs has necessitated the training of physicians who are ready to face the problems of the 21st century. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the requirements of social accountability in the curriculum of general practitioners. This was an applied (in terms of goal) and descriptive and correlational (regarding data collection technique) research. The statistical population included experts of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, professors of the school of medicine, and physicians working in the healthcare system. Subjects were selected through non-random purposive sampling. In addition, data were collected applying a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity of which was confirmed by content validity and factor analysis methods. Moreover, its reliability was estimated at Cronbach’s alpha of 0.85. Furthermore, data analysis was performed in SPSS and AMOS. In this study, there was a relationship between the clinical and research components. In addition, an association was found between educational and clinical components, as well as between advocacy and educational components. On the other hand, while a relationship existed between the advocacy and clinical components, there was no significant association between educational and research components, as well as between advocacy and research components. In the end, a significant relationship was observed between social accountability and educational, clinical, and research fields. According to the results of this study, it is vital to focus on social accountability in the curriculum of general practitioners based on CARE model as a guide tool for the implementation of the accountability program.

Social responsiveness of the curriculum is aimed at directing all medical education activities to the training of physicians able to meet the health needs of the target community. Since medical education has moved towards a community-centered and community-based approach, significant attention has been paid to the concept of social responsiveness of medical education. Therefore, the biggest challenge of the future medical faculties is their need to show more impact on health through a relationship with the community, which is the same objective of social responsiveness. The purpose of this study is to assess the educational needs of general practitioners for social responsiveness from the viewpoint of medical graduates and educational experts.   In terms of applied purpose and data gathering method, this is a descriptive study of correlation type with emphasis on structural equation model. The assessment tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population were 140 people, including all medical graduates who had at least one year of their graduation passed, as well as educational experts (educational expert of the department, vice chancellors of education of the departments, and EDC Experts) of Education Development Center of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. The sample size was estimated as 103 people by Cochran formula.   Findings showed that there is a significant relationship among all areas (clinical, educational, and research) with social responsiveness except advocacy area.   The results of the study indicate the importance of addressing social responsiveness in general practitioners' curriculum as a guide for implementation of the responsiveness plan.

This research aims to examine criteria for evaluating documentary heritage in Memory of the World Programin order to identify components of such criteria for historical photos of Iran from Qajar era. Data for present research was collected through records analysis, interviews, and Delphi technique. The scope comprised the Memory of the World Programcriteria for evaluation of documentary heritage adopted by 10 specialists participated in the Delphi cycle. Two sets of criteria, namely absolute and relative, were adopted. Absolute criteria were considered the most important ones. Under the criteria of originality in the absolute set, there are 18 components. For universal significance criterion and uniqueness, 5 components were identified and endorsed. Finally, 50 components were suggested to include in instructions for selecting photos of Iran from Qajarid era.

Knowledge Sharing is one of the most important achievements provided by the information and communication technology. Blogs are one of the most common communication medium in the library community in Iran. The aim of the present research was to investigate the state of the art of Library and Information Science (LIS) Weblogs in Iran. Data collection was based on a Checklist designed by researchers. The population of the study included 46 Weblogs that were active from 2008 to 2010. A content analysis approach was used for collecting data. Research findings show that most blogs focused on IT-related topics. Indexing and abstracting were not the main concern of these knowledge sharing platforms. The subject-specific weblogs were categorized under 8 topics. The Weblogs which are focused on educational issues are less than those which are devoted to scientific matters. However, it can be concluded that the Weblogs which deal with LIS specific topics are few. The results also reveals that a reasonable amount of citations have been used in these Weblogs. In terms of structure, it can be claimed that the structure and interface of LIS Weblogs in Iran are relatively good. The researchers hope that the checklist designed by them can be useful for other similar research as a data collection instrument.