شکوه السادات بنی جمالی

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is one of the childhood disorders with a fixed pattern of attention deficit and hyperactivity that about 3 to 7 percent of primary school children suffer from in the pre-puberty stage. One of the therapeutic interventions that can be performed in a group is the sensory integration therapy model, so the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of play therapy based on sensory integration on the executive function and social adjustment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, which was used as a semi-experimental research method with a pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population consisted of 8-10-year-old children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in 2018, who had referred to medical centers in Tehran. 30 people were divided into two groups of 15 people using the targeted sampling method. In this research, from two questionnaires for the behavioral rating of executive functions (Parent Form) (Guy& et al, 2000) and children's social adjustment questionnaire (Dokhanchi, 1998) and the play therapy course based on the plan (Horwitz & Roset, 2007; Tabrizi & Esteki, 2012; Babaei, 2014) has been used. Data analysis was done using analysis of covariance test. The findings showed that the effect of play therapy based on sensory integration on the executive function and social adaptation of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was significant. Therefore, play therapy based on sensory integration can be used to improve the executive function and social adaptation of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness based on stress reduction and desensitization with eye movements and reprocessing on self-regulation and post-traumatic stress disorder in students. This research was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test-post-test design and sampling available. The statistical population of this study was the students of the first and second year of high school in Sarpol-e-Zahab city. After completing the Mississippi Citizenship Scale(Mississippi scale for PTSD, keane, Cadell& Taylor,1998) and the Beaufort Self-Regulatory Questionnaire( Bouffard, Boisvert, Vezeau & Larouche ,1995), 45 adolescents were randomly selected and randomly divided into three groups of 15, including two experimental groups and a control group. The first experimental group underwent desensitization with eye movements for 6 sessions of 90 minutes and the second experimental group underwent stress reduction intervention mindfulness intervention for 8 sessions of 2 hours. All three groups were followed up again 60 days later. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and covariance and Scheffe post hoc test. The results showed that both of the above therapies can improve self-regulation and post-traumatic stress disorder in post-test and follow-up(P<0.05).

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating multiple sensory methods and cognitive behavioral intervention on self-discipline and self-assessment of 9-10-year-old dyslexic female students. The research method is practical in terms of purpose, and it was a semi-experimental design of pre-test-post-test type with a control group. For this purpose, 9 and 10-year-old dyslexic students of Razan city in the academic year of 2022-2023 were selected as a statistical population, which was selected through screening with a dyslexia checklist and intelligence test, 45 people were selected in a purposeful way and randomly in three The experimental group of 15 people and the control group of 15 were replaced. The experimental group was trained for 10 sessions of one and a half hours, and during this time, the control group did not receive any training. The tools used in this research were Selimi Timuri's reading disorder test (2006), Raven's IQ test (2010), Zandkarimi's self-discipline questionnaire (2010) and Zandkarimi's self-assessment questionnaire (2010). Analysis of covariance test was used to analyze the data. The results of the research in data analysis showed that multiple sensory methods had a significant effect on self-discipline and self-assessment. Also, cognitive-behavioral intervention has had a significant effect on discipline and self-assessment. In this regard, it seems that educators and parents should pay attention to dyslexic children in their regular classes and use multiple sensory methods and cognitive behavioral interventions in their education for better effectiveness.

 Pproviding physical and mental health for women is one of the important factors in the stability of family and society. In this regard, one of the psychosomatic issues is premenstrual syndrome. This research was conducted to investigate the structural pattern of cognitive emotion regulation based on psychological capital with the mediating role of marital satisfaction in women with premenstrual syndrome.

 The current research was of a correlational design using structural equations. The statistical population included all women with premenstrual syndrome, who visited the family planning midwifery clinic in Kermanshah in 2018-2019. Three hundred and eighty women were selected by the convenience sampling method. The research tools included Grenfsky's emotional regulation questionnaire, Luthans' psychological capital, and Inrich's marital satisfaction questionnaires. Data were analysed by Spearman's correlation method by SPSS-21 and LISREL software.

 The results of this study showed that there is a significant direct relationship between cognitive-emotional regulation strategies and psychological capital (GFI=0.92; AGFI=0.88; RMSEA=0.052) as well as psychological capital directly and indirectly through the mediation of marital satisfaction (GFI=0.92; AGFI=0.88; RMSEA=0.052) and (RMSEA=0.062) can Predict the cognitive regulation of emotion.

 It can be said that psychological capital along with marital satisfaction can play an important role in the cognitive regulation of emotions in women with PMS. Therefore, by increasing psychological capital and marital satisfaction, it is possible to help improve emotional regulation in women with premenstrual syndrome

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of parent-child interaction through play therapy (CPRT) on executive function and social adjustment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population included children aged 8 to 10 years with ADHD who referred to medical centers in Tehran in 1398. The sample consisted of 30 people (two groups of 15 people) who were selected using purposive sampling. Data collection tools were BRIEF (Parent Form) Behavior Rating Function Questionnaire (Guy,2000) and Dokhanchi Children's Social Adjustment Questionnaire (1998). After randomly selecting and determining the experimental and control groups and before conducting play therapy sessions for the participants in the study, a separate introductory session with the aim of initial acquaintance with the children and establishing a therapeutic relationship, as well as creating confidence in the subjects and collecting data. Pre-test was held. During the same introductory session to collect pre-test data, Connors parent questionnaires, BRIEF executive behavioral grading questionnaire and children's social adjustment questionnaire were given to children's parents in groups, and finally the experimental group played 10 sessions of 120 minutes once a week. Were treated. The results showed that play therapy training based on parent-child interaction on the executive functions of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was effective and according to ETA squared the effectiveness of play therapy training based on parent-child interaction on executive functions. In the studied children 75.1% Also, play therapy training based on parent-child interaction is effective in improving the social adjustment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The studied children are 74.9%.

This study aims to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness therapies on sleep quality and cognitive abilities of women with insomnia. This research was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group and a 3-month follow-up. The study's statistical population was women with insomnia disorder who referred to the counseling center of a university in Tehran in 2020. Among them, 63 people were selected through purposive sampling method and were randomly assigned in two experimental groups and one control group (21 people in each group). Both experimental groups were treated separately for 8 weekly 45 to 60-sessions. The control group did not receive any intervention. The Sleep Quality and Cognitive Ability Questionnaires were delivered individually at baseline, after the program, and after 3-months follow-up. Data were analyzed by repeated measures of variance analysis.The results showed that both interventions were similarly effective for improving the sleep quality and cognitive abilities of women with insomnia. There was no significant difference in effectiveness between the two groups. Also, the difference between post-test and follow-up stages was not significant.Treatment of insomnia based on mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral therapies can improve sleep quality and cognitive abilities by reducing physiological arousal and rumination and increasing the attention and concentration of patients. Therefore, the use of two therapy methods is recommended to reduce the problems of women with insomnia.

Academic burnout and resilience are important components of students' academic performance. One of the methods that seems to be effective in improving academic components is mindfulness training. Limited studies have investigated the efficacy of mindfulness training on burnout and academic resilience of female students.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the efficacy of mindfulness training on academic burnout and academic resilience among female students.

The current research was conducted with a semi-experimental method of pre-test-post-test type. The statistical population of the research included all female students of the first period of secondary schools in the 5th district of Tehran in the academic year of 2016-2017. The random sampling method was a multi-stage cluster. In this way, 2 schools were randomly selected from among all the schools in this area, and then 250 students were randomly selected from among the students who were tested by Meslesh's academic burnout (Schaufeli, et al., 2002) and academic resilience (Samuels, 2004) tests. Then, 30 students were randomly selected among the participants who scored higher in academic burnout and lower in academic resilience. Then 15 students were randomly assigned to the experimental group and 15 to the control group. The mindfulness training package was implemented on the experimental group and after its completion, the subjects of both groups were re-tested to measure the effectiveness of the mindfulness training on the experimental group. In order to analyze the data, in addition to descriptive statistics, covariance analysis was also used.

The results indicated that mindfulness-based training was significantly effective in reducing academic burnout and increasing academic resilience of female students (P>0/05).

According to the findings, it is concluded that mindfulness-based education can help to increase the academic resilience of female students while reducing academic burnout. Therefore, paying attention to mindfulness training can play an important role in improving the positive aspects of education in students, including reducing burnout and increasing academic resilience.

Research shows that the perception of women with rheumatoid arthritis is affected by some of their psychological structures. This study determined the effect of attachment styles and dysfunctional attitudes on the perception of women with rheumatoid arthritis.

The present study was correlational in terms of applied purpose and research design. From the statistical population of all sick women referring to the clinic of Alborz Hospital in Karaj, 250 samples were selected by available method. To evaluate the research variables, Bradbent et al.'s Long Form et Perceptions questionnaire, Collins and Reed revised adult attachment styles, and Wissman and Beck long form dysfunctional attitudes were used. Data analysis was performed using Pearson and OLS test models.

The results showed that the direct path of delicacy style (T = -0.664, β = -0.074)) and avoidance (β = -0.005- T = - 0.047) to the disease perception variable was significant. is not. But the direct path of anxiety attachment style (T = 3.662, β = 0.241) and dysfunctional attitudes (T = 2.372, β = 0.661) to the variable of disease perception is significant.

Anxious attachment style and dysfunctional attitudes have a significant effect on the perception of women with rheumatoid arthritis

Premenstrual syndrome is one of the most common problems in women and causes some physical and psychological changes in women. This study was conducted to examine the structural pattern of cognitive emotion regulation based on sleep quality with the mediating role of marital satisfaction in women with premenstrual syndrome.

The method of the present study was correlational using structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all women diagnosed with premenstrual syndrome in 1398 and 1399 in Kermanshah, of which 380 people who were referred to the family planning clinic in Kermanshah were selected by convenience sampling method. The research instruments included the emotional regulation questionnaire (Garnefsky et al., 2001), Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (Enrich), and the sleep quality index (Pittsburgh, 1989). The data were analyzed by the Spearman correlation method using SPSS-21 and LISREL software.

This study indicates the existence of a significant direct relationship between cognitive-emotional regulation strategies and overall sleep quality in women with PMS and also the quality of sleep directly and indirectly through marital satisfaction can be a good predictor for cognitive regulation of emotion in women with premenstrual syndrome.

It can be said that sleep quality and marital life satisfaction can play an important role in the cognitive regulation of emotion in women with premenstrual syndrome.

Although many studies focus on general or psychological resilience, few studies in Iran have addressed the issue of academic resilience, nor has an intervention that practically increases students' school affiliation been considered. Accordingly, the main question of the research is whether mindfulness training can affect the improving academic resilience and sense of belonging?

The purpose of this study was to effectiveness of mindfulness training on academic resilience and sense of belonging of female student’s high school.

This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test, follow up with control group. The statistical population of the statistical population was all first grade high school girls in Tehran in 2017-2018. Thirty people were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method and 15 people were replaced by random assignment in an experimental group and a control group. The research instruments included the Academic Resilience Questionnaire (Samuels, 2004), the School Belonging Questionnaire (Barry et al., 2004) and the Mindfulness Education Treatment Sessions (Segal et al., 2002). Data were analyzed using mixed analysis of variance test.

The results showed that mindfulness training significantly increased academic resilience (p <0.01) and sense of belonging to the school (p <0.01) of the experimental group compared to the control group. This effect has also remained stable in the follow-up phase.

Based on the above findings, it can be concluded that mindfulness training increased students 'academic resilience and sense of belonging to the school by raising students' awareness of the present. Repeat research with more samples in different areas is required.

Drug addiction as a phenomenon occurs in any country, whether developed or developing, and due to its consequences, this phenomenon is classified as a social harm, which is the basis for many other harms. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness on the attitude to drug use and impulsivity of drug dependent adolescents.

In this research, a semi-experimental method and a pre-test and post-test design with a control group were used. The statistical population of this research was made up of adolescents who referred to addiction treatment clinics in the 1st district of Tehran. From this community, 34 people were randomly selected and randomly replaced in the experimental and control groups. The implementation method was as follows: after the pre-test of attitude towards substance use and impulsivity, cognitive therapy based on mindfulness was implemented for the experimental group and the post-test was performed for both groups. The research findings were analyzed using covariance.

The findings showed that the average attitude towards substance use and impulsivity of the experimental group increased and decreased respectively in the post-test compared to the pre-test. The result of covariance analysis showed that after removing the pre-test effect, the mean post-test scores of the two groups had a statistically significant difference (p<0.001).

This study shows that cognitive therapy based on mindfulness can be used to improve the attitude towards drug use and impulsivity of drug dependent adolescents.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of the mindfulness method based on reducing self-regulation and reducing the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and comparing these two methods in teenagers. From the statistical population consisting of all the students of Sarpol Zahab city who were present in this city during the earthquake of 2016, 30 teenagers met the diagnostic criteria of post-traumatic stress disorder based on the classification of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition, using the design Quasi-experiment including pre-test - post-test and follow-up and using the non-random sampling method available to the Mississippi Citizenship Scale (1988) and Bouffard's self-regulation questionnaire (1995) answered. The data was analyzed using repeated measure analysis of variance test. The results obtained from this study showed that the mindfulness method based on stress reduction was effective on the self-regulation of teenagers suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. Also, the results of this study showed that the mindfulness method based on stress reduction is effective in reducing the symptoms of teenagers suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is one of the most common problems in children and adolescents. The behavior of these children is complex and controversial. This disorder can ruin person's life. The social costs of this disorder are also very high. Therefore, timely action is necessary for the behavior of these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term play therapy on reducing emotional, behavioral and social symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. For this purpose, in a single-subject study using a single-line method, six children aged 7 to 10 years who had symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder were selected by convenience sampling method. Short-term play therapy was performed for 10 sessions with participants. Subjects were examined for behavioral problems in the intervention process and follow-up stage. Data were analyzed by within- condition and between-condition. The results showed that short-term play therapy is effective in reducing emotional, behavioral and social symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, short-term play therapy can be used as an appropriate intervention to reduce emotional, behavioral, and social symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Attention–Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is defined as a pattern of severe persistent problems, such as difficulty sustaining attention, hyperactivity, and impulsive behavior, associated with a greater frequency of developmental disorders, compared to Typically–Developing (TD) children. This disorder is described as a persistent pattern of attentional deficits or impulsive and active behaviors. ADHD is a multifactorial condition with an unrecognized exact etiology. Failure to pay attention to the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder, i.e., increasing, will lead to numerous adjustment, educational, and behavioral problems, aggression, etc., in adulthood. Perceptual–Motor games can play a stimulating role on the nervous system and increase motor skills in children. Motor mastery is referred to physical skills, resulting from the performance of a skill of choice that can affect physical activity. Motor skills are critical in children. This is because they are a prerequisite for participation in social activities, such as group play and sports; thus, they influence their self–esteem and social wellbeing. Additionally, promoting participation in routine childhood activities, such as sports participation, leisure activities, writing, and daily living activities, like tie shoelaces plays an essential role in the development of the child's self–concept. Some studies suggested that motor skills in children with ADHD are also poorer, compared to their TD peers. Therefore, these children have difficulty understanding, processing, and using sensory information. In other words, there is a relationship between ADHD and different aspects of motor skills (fine motor skills, coarse motor skills). ADHD is defined as a pattern of severe attention deficit and hyperactivity or continuous neglect with more repetition than children with the same growth rate. The present study aimed to determine the effects of cognitive–motor skills learning training on motor skills and the symptoms of ADHD.

This was a quasi–experimental study with pretest–posttest and a control group design. The statistical population of this study included all children of preschool centers of Tehran Province, Iran. Of them, 90 subjects were purposively selected and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The necessary data were obtained using the Brauninx–Oseretsky Motion Excellence Scale short–form (1978), and the Conners–Wald Formula Child Behavioral Scale (Ritman et al., 1998). Data analysis was performed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) by SPSS. The significance level was set at 0.05.

The obtained findings suggested that the cognitive–motor learning program improved motor skills (p<0.001) and resulted in the reduction of total ADHD symptoms (p<0.001) in the examined children.

The obtained data indicated that perceptual–motor games training is beneficial for improving social adjustment and motor skills, and reducing the total ADHD symptoms scores. Thus, this method can be implemented for the empowerment of children with ADHD.

Although compliance is widespread across all medical disciplines, psychiatric disorders face the greatest challenge of increasing their risk. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of community reentry program on compliance to treatment in patients with schizophrenia.

The statistical population of this study was all of schizophrenia patients admitted to rehabilitation centers in Tehran. Using random sampling method and random appointment with taking and exit criteria from the sample, a sample of 40 patients was selected and in the experimental group (20 persons) and control group (20 persons) were selected. In the beginning of the study, two groups of The views of age and education variables were identical. The experimental group was trained for 16 sessions, under the two-weekly community re-entry program. Subjects in the experimental and control groups responded to the Morisky treatment adherence questionnaires in the pre-test and post-test and follow up stages.

To analyze the data, the u Mann whitney test was used and the findings showed that the patients in the group the community re-entry program showed a significant difference) U:10.500), compared to the control group after the implementation of the program, but after two months of follow up, there was no significant difference (U:70.500), in follow up score between the two groups.

Despite the current limitations, according to the results obtained on effectiveness of the community Re-entry program on improving compliance to treatment for people with schizophrenia, implementation of this program is suggested to empower patients to manage disease and reduce relapse. the implementation of community re-entry programs is recommended for patient empowerment and reduce of relapse.

Successful intelligence, wisdom and creativity can be so important features of success in learning English. This study was designed to determine the predictive role of successful intelligence, wisdom and creativity in learning English in girls and boys. The method of this study was descriptive and correlation, and the statistical population were all girls’ and boys’ English learners’ of Ghaemshahr, Babol and Sari, who were studied in 1976-97, out of which 625 were selected, 351 were boys and 274 were girls, which answered three Questionnaire; Sternberg Successful intelligence Questionnaire with a 36 Question and a reliability coefficient of 0.88 and Ardlet wisdom questionnaire with a total of 29 Question and a reliability of 0.84 and an Abedi Creativity Questionnaire with 60 Question and reliability coefficient of 0.89, which answered a total of (125) questions. Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis were used for data analysis. The results showed that the components of successful intelligence and creativity can play a role in predicting language learning. The results also showed that successful intelligence, wisdom and creativity are important factors in learning English that can directly enhance the learning process by implementing them correctly in the classroom and teaching them to learners.

In academic situations, having the opportunity to succeed and rebuild learning increases students' self-confidence in achieving success. Teaching such learners the path to progress and showing the results of hard work makes them strive to master the learning situation. The result is a sense of control and autonomy along with a sense of value. Such instance causes the learner to insist, commit, and work harder without fear of failure to achieve success. Therefore, the importance of the present study is to theoretically determine and discover the model or how to place individual and environmental factors affecting academic resilience. From a practical point of view, this study aims to clarify the importance of individual and environmental factors affecting resilience in education. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between motivating tasks and academic resiliency and Also determination mediating role of mastery goals and perceived competence.

The present study utilizes a correlational research method using causal relationship modeling methods. The research method applied to this study was structural equation modeling. The target population of the study comprised Tehran universities students who were studying at education and psychology faculties in the academic year of 2014-2015. The sample consisted of 414 students who were selected by random cluster sampling method. In other words, the sampling unit was the classes rather than the individuals. The instruments used in this study were: Classroom Goals Structures, Achievement Goal Orientation, Perceived Competence Scale and Academic Resiliency Questionnaire.  

The results revealed that motivating tasks has direct effect to predict academic resiliency. Furthermore, mastery goals and perceived competence mediated the relationship of motivating tasks with academic resiliency. Discussion and implications of the results are presented in the study.

Based on this, it can be concluded that the setting of attractive and motivating tasks leads to the adoption of goals of mastery, self -esteem and control over the learning position of learners. Based on research results, the assignment variable as an extrinsic variable directly affects the resilience variable (dependent variable) and also through intermediate variables (proficiency goals and competency perception). In addition, the significance of the error estimation of each of the constructs shows that other external factors can also affect the relationship of the variables of this study with academic resilience. Based on this, it is suggested that other factors such as internal or external motivation and functional goals by learners be investigated as variables affecting the structural model. In order to apply the results of this research, it is recommended that academic centers be designed in such a way that learners face attractive and challenging tasks and provide them with the opportunity to succeed and experience a sense of competence. 

In obese people, 5-10% reduction in initial weight can decrease the obesity induced risks. Therefore, it is important to identify the predictive factors effective in weight loss maintenance. The present research was conducted to determine the role of important predictive factors in weight loss maintenance. 

For this purpose, a total of 200 women with obesity, were selected using convenience sampling. After explaining the study aims and obtaining the permission to enter the study, they were asked to complete the research tools, including Multidimensional Self-Body Relationship Questionnaire, Three-Factor Eating Behavior Questionnaire, Treatment Outcome Expectations, Weight Lifestyle Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, Caring Environment Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS), and Dichotomous Thinking in Eating Disorders Scale (DTEDS). Data were analyzed using SPSS software and Pearson correlation and step by step regression statistical methods. Significance level was considered to be p < 0.05.

The results of the research showed that variables of weight lifestyle self-efficacy, body image, self-esteem, dichotomous thinking, and perceived social support predict 39.8% of variance of successful long-term weight loss maintenance in the participants.

The psychological and behavioral factors play an important role in successful long-term weight loss maintenance in obese subjects. Consideration of these factors seems necessary in weight loss programs.

According to the importance of women’ s suffering from breast cancer psychological survey, credit scoring of cognitive emotion regulation instrument has been used in this research.The questionnaire of Garnefski- including 36 questions- was answered by 202 breast cancer suffering women who had been under treatment all over Tehran’s hospitals. And also Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) has bean used for validity consideration and factor matrix has been calculated based on 5 factors.First, second,third and forth Eigen Value was 5/421, 5/296,4/694 and 4/647that they were 22/287 %of total variance.According to the results, in general the highest Cronbach’s Cofficient Alpha was related to the first and second factor (α=0/935). And the least was relevant to the fifth factor (α=0/628) and for the whole factors,(α=0/826) is calculated which shows the high internal coordination. In conclusion results have proved the accessibility of Garnefski cognitive emotion regulation instrument in women with breast cancer.

Childhood is one of the most crucial and important stages throughout the life. In the world in where many adult individuals suffer from irrational thoughts and their consequences, attention to sensitive age of childhood is important for educating rational thoughts. This survey was conducted aimed to survey effectiveness of implementing philosophy education to children on reduction of irrational thoughts in 6th year students in Brujen. For this, two classes were selected by cluster random sampling. Then 15 students were randomly selected for each class and one class was determined as experimental group and the other was labled as control group through random replacement method. The two groups were surveyed and compared in pre-test and post-test plan in a way in which after implementing pre-test on both groups, 15 sessions of philosophy education to children were held for experimental group. At the end, both groups attended in post-test. In order to control effects of pre-test, data of this survey were analyzed by covariance. Findings showed that philosophy program for children has significantly reduced irrational thoughts in experimental group. This meaningful reduction has been observed in all minor-scales of children’s non-rational thoughts questionnaire except lack of tolerance against work failures.