صادق یوسفی

Critical thinking, as an art of analyzing and evaluating thought, leads to the improvement and enhancement of individual thinking through assessment. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of perceived social support and life changes on critical thinking with the mediating role of moral foundations. 

Methods and Materials:

 In a predictive correlational design, 404 young individuals (both male and female) about to get married were selected through convenience sampling and using Klein's sample size formula (formula 1 to 20). The research instruments included standard questionnaires of Perceived Social Support - Family Scale (PSS-FA), Young Adults Family Inventory of Life Events and Changes (YA-FILES), Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CTDI), and Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ-30). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS19 and Smart-PLS software. 

Results indicated that 19.4% of the variations in critical thinking were explained by the variables of social support and life changes (P < 0.001). Additionally, results related to the mediating role of moral foundations showed that social support and life changes, through moral foundations, have no indirect effect on critical thinking, with values of 0.005 (0.661) and -0.008 (0.676) respectively (P > 0.05). 

Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that perceived social support and family life changes affect moral foundations and critical thinking. Therefore, paying attention to these mechanisms can be useful in developing effective preventive and therapeutic interventions for adolescents about to get married.

 The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of the child's attitude towards parents on critical thinking with the mediating role of moral foundations. 

 in the form of a predictive correlation design, 404 people (girls and boys) from young people about to get married were selected by available sampling method and using Klein's sample size formula (formula 1 to 20). The research tool included standard questionnaires of child's attitude towards father (CAF) and mother (CAM), critical thinking (CTDI), moral foundations (MFQ-30). SPSS19 and Smart-PLS software were used for data analysis. 

 The results showed that 30.4% of the changes in critical thinking are variables of the child's attitude towards the mother and the child's attitude towards the father (P<0.001). Also, the results related to the mediating role of moral foundations showed that the child's attitude towards parents through moral foundations does not have an indirect effect on critical thinking, respectively -0.005 (p=0.285) and -0.003 (p=0.214) (P > 0.05). 

 Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that the child's attitude towards parents has an effect on the critical thinking of young people. Therefore, paying attention to these mechanisms can be useful in formulating effective preventive and therapeutic interventions for teenagers about to get married.

Educating nurses about spiritual principles and values helps to have a deeper understanding of problems and increases the quality-of-care delivery. However, the issue of spirituality is not included in the educational content. The purpose of this study was to the effect of spiritual care training on the empathy and professional commitment of nurses at Bam University of Medical Sciences.

This was a quasi-experimental study with a two-group pretest-posttest design. The research sample consisted of 80 nurses from different wards of Pasteur Hospital affiliated to Bam University of Medical Sciences were divided into two groups of intervention and control using a simple random sampling. Spiritual care training program in the intervention group was held as a 2-session webinar. The questionnaire used included the Jefferson Standard Empathy Questionnaire, the Kleikman and Henning Professional Commitment Questionnaire, and the Demographic Information Form.

The results showed a significant difference between the mean scores of professional commitments before (33.11 ± 0.32) and after (65.43 ± 0.28) the intervention and also the empathy variable before (53.41 ± 0.21) and after (78.83 ± 0.25) of the intervention in the experimental group (P<0.05). This difference was not observed in the scores before and after the intervention in the control group. Also, there was no significant difference between the mean scores of professional commitment and empathy of the subjects before the intervention (P>0.05) while there was a significant difference between the mean scores of professional commitment and empathy of the two groups after the intervention (P<0.05), which indicated that these scores improved due to the intervention.

According to the results of this study, it is suggested that the spiritual care training program should be inserted in-service training programs or nurses' curriculum content to promote nursing professional commitment and empathy.

Nurses are professionally and ethically obliged to provide spiritual care as part of comprehensive care for patients. The present study was conducted to determine the educational needs of nurses to provide spiritual care.

This study was performed descriptively using the Delphi technique from September 2020 to April 2021 at Qom University of Medical Sciences. In the first stage, 10 specialists were selected by purposive sampling method and answered an open-ended question to determine the educational needs of spiritual care. After collecting opinions in three rounds, the needs with an agreement coefficient of more than 51% were prepared in the form of a 15-item questionnaire and the importance of the items was determined by 144 nurses. Needs with scores of 3 or higher were finalized and general and behavioral goals were set for them.

In the first, second, and third rounds, 47, 25, and 15 educational needs were determined, respectively, and five general objectives, including familiarity with the holistic approach to human beings and dimensions of health, familiarity with the concepts of spiritual care, familiarity with how obtaining a spiritual history, familiarity with the types of diagnoses and spiritual interventions, and familiarity with the principles of communication in spiritual care were determined.

The results of the study can be used for developing a spiritual curriculum and a practical guide to providing spiritual care for nurses and other groups of the health team.

The increasing demand of people and students for computer technology and the Internet has caused mental health problems and social communication in them. In this study, the relationship between Internet addiction and general health in students of Qom University of Medical Sciences has been investigated.

This descriptive-correlation study was performed on 321 students living in Qom dormitory of medical sciences through demographic, general health (GHQ) and Internet addiction questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software in two parts: descriptive statistics, mean, frequency, frequency percentage and inferential statistics of Pearson correlation coefficient and univariate linear regression.

79.8% of students were regular users and 20.2% of students were addicted to the Internet and no severe Internet addiction was observed. According to the general health questionnaire, 13.1% of students had mild disorder, 66% had moderate disorder and 20.9% had severe disorder. Pearson correlation coefficient between scales and general health in general with Internet addiction showed a significant and positive relationship at a significant level of 0.05. In linear regression analysis, the only variable is the duration of internet connection under the same conditions in terms of other variables that predict the general health score.

There is a significant and positive relationship between public health and Internet addiction. Preventing the complications and dangers of Internet addiction is essential and requires educational, counseling, and behavioral planning among vulnerable students.

In this study, the flow pattern, temperature distribution and thermal comfort index have been experimentally investigated in a room with personalized confluent jets ventilation (CJV) system for different diffusers’ heights of 30 and 160cm from the floor and for two inlet temperatures of 16 and 24°C and three different inlet angles of 0, 22.5 and 45 degrees. The results showed that the above cases can be significantly affected by changing in location of inlet diffuser. So that by placing the inlet diffuser at a height of 160 cm, the occupants’ upper body is strongly affected by the flow and the maximum air velocity in this region, depending on the change of inlet flow angle from zero to 45 degrees, can respectively reach about 1.5 to 1 m/s and this causes the draught dissatisfaction in the occupants’ upper body. However, by placing the diffuser under the desk and at a height of 30cm, the most dissatisfaction caused by draught occurs in the legs and feet. Finally, it can be concluded that the draught dissatisfaction is the most important factor that can limit the use of personalized confluent jets ventilation system.

In coronary heart disease, patients commonly experience decreased happiness and quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hope therapy with an Islamic approach in comparison with classical hope therapy on increasing happiness and quality of life of the patients with coronary heart disease.

The present study used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design. 60 patients with coronary heart disease in one of the hospitals in Qom, Iran, were selected by random sampling method. Data collection instruments included questionnaires of hope, happiness, and quality of life (SF-36). After collecting the pre-test data, the participants were divided into three peer groups, with intervention sessions performed in 8 90-minute sessions. The main experimental group received hope therapy with an Islamic approach, the second experimental group received classical hope, and the control group received a stress response package only. After that, the questionnaires were re-administered in all groups. Data were analyzed using Levin, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and Covariance test. In this study, all ethical considerations were observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

The findings of the present study showed that Islamic and classical hope therapy significantly increased hope, quality of life and happiness in people with coronary heart disease. Also, the results indicated that the method of Islamic hope therapy is more effective in increasing the quality of life and happiness than classical hope therapy in patients with coronary heart disease.

Based on the findings, the use of Islamic hope therapy in patients with coronary heart disease is recommended. It is suggested that future studies implement Islamic hope therapy and evaluate its effectiveness in other chronic diseases.

The decreased level of self-esteem and life satisfaction is prevalent among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an Islamic approach to hope therapy on the promotion of self-esteem and life satisfaction in comparison with its conventional approach in patients with CAD.

The study was conducted in a quasi-experimental control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 60 patients with CAD selected by convenience sampling method from one of Qom hospitals. Data collection tools included the Self-Esteem Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Hope State Scale. After collecting pre-test data, participants were divided into three peer groups, and the intervention was performed in eight sessions each lasting for 90-minute. An experimental group was exposed to Islamic hope therapy and the other received conventional hope therapy, while the control group received a stress management package. Finally, all the groups undertook the same posttests and the data obtained were analyzed in SPSS22 software using the Covariance test.

Both Islamic and conventional hope therapy increased hope (7, 10.5), life satisfaction )9, 12.8), and self-esteem (7.5, 13.9) of the patients with CAD significantly. Moreover, it was found that Islamic hope therapy was more effective in the enhancement of self-esteem and life satisfaction, compared to conventional hope therapy.

Islamic hope therapy outperformed the conventional hope therapy in terms of increasing the self-esteem and life satisfaction of patients with CAD. Therefore, it is recommended to use Islamic hope therapy for patients with CAD and other similar chronic diseases.

Today, the main basis of diagnosis and treatment in medicine is the obtained evidence from the research. One of the movements that have attempted to establish this basis is evidence-based medicine (EBM). The present review dealt with the philosophical assessment of this subject.

In this study, EBM-related data from books and articles were reviewed. 

According to the obtained results of this study, the advocates of EBM have two assumptions. The first one is that medicine as practiced today is not scientific and should become scientific using evidence. The second assumption is that clinical decision-making should be based on the data derived from clinical trials the most reliable of which are systematic reviews.

The results of similar EBM-related studies usually lead to the development of guidelines for medical practice. Therefore, the assessments and challenges of EBM should be considered, even if it has been the only way to date.

Professional ethics in the medical sciences is an intellectual field of study that requires educating the medical team about the thoughts, ideas, and behaviors of ethical principles and values that are carefully evaluated until these principles and skills are institutionalized. In so doing, this study endeavored to develop a professional ethics curriculum template for medical students.

This study was conducted using a combination method in the academic year 2020 in two phases like this qualitative (model design) and quantitative (model accreditation). Qualitative data analysis was performed by interviewing 17 members of experts in the field of education, research, treatment, and ethics in medical sciences and accreditation by 10 members of curriculum specialists and Medical ethics of different universities by using Delphi method who were selected by purposive sampling method through Brown and Clark analytical method using Atlas TI.

After summarizing the concepts and categories in the form of curriculum components (i.e., objectives, educational content, implementation or educational strategies and evaluation), a total of 150 conceptual propositions, one major category with four subcategories along with a sub-category, final analysis, and report a model of professionalism curriculum was presented for medical sciences students. Finally, the validation of the developed model was done by curriculum and medical ethics experts using Delphi method.

The results revealed that the development of uniform and codified professional ethics training programs from upstream sources seems to be essential. It is also necessary to explain the educational content of practical and applicable professional ethics, training and continuous evaluation of the principles of professional ethics in all courses and disciplines to institutionalize the principles of professional ethics in three areas of education, research, and treatment.