صفورا غریب زاده:

Osteoporosis is one of the most important health problems in the country due to fracture. Osteoporosis Research Center with more than 20 years of experience in this field tries to present achievements and activities of the management and treatment of osteoporosis in the country while introducing this center. This review aims to overview the osteoporosis research center activities on osteoporosis.

In these conventional review national and international databases were investigated on osteoporosis without any restriction on time and language. Also, other activities that are not reflected in the papers were obtained from the professional website and official reports.

According to the strategic plan of the osteoporosis research center, the achievements of this center provided in in three areas of research (population-based studies, clinical studies, basic science studies and health system studies), technology (diagnostic, therapeutic technologies, service delivery models) and education (training students at different levels of education). Supplementary, patient education, general education, and service provider training).

Osteoporosis Research Center is recognized as the only specialized research center in the field of osteoporosis in the country. The center is trying to improve its position as a regional center in the field of osteoporosis by relying on its strategic and operational plan, in addition to maintaining its current position.

Potency evaluation of rabies vaccine is a cheap, fast, high precision and consistent with ethical values is critical, so researchers have modified a variety of methods such as: National Institute of Health (NIH) method, Single Radial Immunodiffusion (SRID) and so on. The purpose of the present study was to replace an in vitro method consistent with medical ethics criteria instead of an in vivo method. By recognizing that the potency of the rabies vaccine depends on the amount of glycoprotein antigen content and the monoclonal antibody detect the correct folding of antigen of the rabies virus, then the glycoprotein content could be represent of vaccine potency.

In this study, we designed an immune-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with three antibodies (capture, primary and secondary) to determine the existent amount of viral glycoprotein in different rabies vaccines, and compared the results at the same time with measuring potency of those vaccines using the NIH method. This applied study was conducted from September 2016 to September 2018 at the Research Laboratory of the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for reference and research on rabies at the Pasteur Institute of Iran in Tehran.

The slope of the standard line was calculated to R2=0.98 (P=0.0013). In the humans’ vaccines, the mean lied between 5.554-7.336 (SD=0.0463-0.1039) and the coefficient of variation was 0.778-2.436 (SD=0.0041-0.2724), at the same time in the animals’ vaccines the mean were 2.293-5.993 (SD=0.0041-0.2724) and the coefficient of variation was calculated 0.182-4.546. For animal vaccines the Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.99 and for the human vaccines this coefficient was 0.95. Also, the concordance correlation coefficient for animal vaccines was 0.98 and for human vaccines is 0.95, indicating a moderate to high concordance in both animals and humans vaccines.

The designed Immuno-capture ELISA kit had a proper acceptance criterion, intermediate precision, good linearity and robustness for measuring the glycoprotein level of the vaccine, which was directly related to the vaccine potency.

Diabetes is a complex and chronic disease, i.e. associated with patients’ lifestyle and affects their quality of life. The present study examined the role of alexithymia on the relationship between social support, health-related quality of life, and glycated hemoglobin in patients with type 2 diabetes. 

This was an analytical cross-sectional study. The study participants consisted of 100 (60% females) type 2 diabetic out-patients visiting the Labbafinejad Hospital in Tehran City, Iran, between February 2013 and January 2014. Measures of data collection included the multidimensional scale of perceived social support, the diabetes-related quality of life, and alexithymia Scale. 

The results of two hierarchical linear regression analyses indicated that alexithymia moderated the relationship between perceived social support, quality of life, alexithymia scale, and HbA1c in patients. To evaluate the moderating role, two hierarchical multiple regression analyses were calculated. The obtained results suggested that alexithymia moderates the relationship between social support, health-related quality of life, and glycated hemoglobin in patients with type 2 diabetes (P>0.001). 

The study findings contribute to a better understanding of effective psychosocial factors in the quality of life and HbA1c among patients with diabetes. Therefore, developing psychological interventions is essential for these patients.

Female prisoners considered as a vulnerable group in society which label of prison lead to destructive effect on mental health of these groups. Also crime of these women in most situations has light condemnation for their but prevalence of mental health problem related to these women was very high, so the aim of the study was evaluation of effective factors on mental health in a women prisoners in Iran, 2011-2012.
In this cross- sectional study, 120 female prisoners participated via convenience sampling. Data was collected by demographic and mental health questionnaire (GHQ-28) and then analyzed by SPSS software version 20. To describe data used from mean, standard deviation and frequency, subsequent, multiple linear regression for statistical test applied.
The mean age of participants was 32.8±9.6 years. Analysis of related to the domain mental health questionnaire showed that the highest average scores in the domain of anxiety and insomnia (10.2±5.9) and the lowest average in the domain of depression(7.1±5.4). Based on regression analysis, occupation variable on physical symptom domain (P=0/025), education and recent disease on anxiety and insomnia domain, breadwinner of person on social action and education variable on mental health were statistically effected.
Over a quarter of women in prison has mental health been middle and poor. Several factors affected the mental health of women prisoners, which should be consideration to all factors affecting the lives of women prisoners are essential. But before applying any intervention programs to improve mental health this group of women, paying attention to education, employment status and household head that can In the process of improving or decline women's mental health status affected.

Despite the considerable research documented regarding spiritual health through the last decades, there is still the lack of a comprehensive and acceptable definition for the term. Measuring spiritual health in Iranian populations initially requires a definition of spiritual health that meets the cultural, social and religious norms of our society. Hence designation and evaluation of an appropriate questionnaire to measure its conceptual constructs is essential. As one of the first efforts, this study aimed to explore the concept of spiritual health and to design and assess a comprehensive spiritual health questionnaire in an Iranian population. In this methodological cross-sectional study, a spiritual health questionnaire was developed based on three constructs, including “insight”, “tendency” and “behaviors” based on a review of Islamic literature approved by the spiritual health department of academy of medical sciences Islamic republic of Iran. Overall 506 individuals)64% females), aged ≥ 20 years, participated in the psychometric assessment process, were recruited from among residents of district 13 of Tehran. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency were used to assess reliability. Face, content and construct validity were examined. Forty-eight items were perceived as essential, relevant and comprehendible by both the experts and the community. Content validity was confirmed by a panel of experts. Exploratory factor analysis suggested a six-factor model in the structure of developed items, which was optimized in a two factor model that encompassed 1) cognitive/emotional and 2) behavioral constructs. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated acceptable fits for the proposed models. The internal consistency, as measured by Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, exceeded the minimum reliability standard of 0.70 for all scales and subscales, all of which demonstrated satisfactory test-retest reliability over two weeks. Our results provide initial evidence that the much needed questionnaire developed is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring spiritual health in this urban Iranian population. Further research is suggested for different populations and regions in Iran.

providers and policy makers to identify programs and plan capable to balance birth could use Information about women’s beliefs and preferences regarding their choice of birth control methods. The aim of the current study is to investigate socio-behavioral and reproductive factors influencing the choice of contraceptive methods among a large number of Tehranian women. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 2551 women divided into five groups according to their birth control methods, which included: hormonal, mechanical, natural, permanent and mixed methods of contraception. All socio-demographic, behavioral and reproductive data were extracted from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study data bank. The mean age of subjects was 39.4±10.5 Hormonal(0.66%) and natural (37.12%) methods were the least and most popular methods among participants, respectively. The odds of hormonal (OR: 0.96; 95%CI: 0.94-0.98), mechanical (OR: 0.97) and mixed methods (OR: 0.91) declined with increasing age. Compared with higher educated women, participants with secondary school (OR: 2.08) education were more likely to use permanent methods. Women with 3-5 living children had more tendencies to use permanent contraception. The past history of abortion decreased the odds of choosing hormonal methods of contraception(OR: 0.60). Age, education, parity, number of living children, abortion and smoking are associated with choice of contraceptive methods among Tehranian women and these information could be used for family planning.

At least two third of neonatal morbidity and mortality are due to preterm labor. Transvaginalultrasonography has an important role in diagnosis of cervical incompetency and prediction of preterm labor. T he aim of this study was to determine the value of ultrasonographically measured cervical length between 16-24 weeks gestation in the prediction of spontaneous preterm delivery. A prospective cohort study examined cervical length by transvaginal ultrasonography between 16-24 weeks gestation. A total of 75 women who referred to prenatal clinic of imam Khomeini and Razi educational hospitals in Ahvaz and met inclusion criteria after measuring cervical length (c l) by transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS). They included two groups (36 cases with c l =26-30 m and 40 cases with cl=30-35mm. Then they followed until delivery. The incidence of preterm labor in c l=26-30 mm was 38% and in group with c l=30-35 mm was 50%. Respectively, in the multivariate analysis, age, parity, job, education, and cl. There was a statistically sign ificant relation between cl and preterm birth. (p<0.01) Mechanical and chemical factors can effect on the cl and cause preterm labor. A short cervix seen on 16-24 weeks gestation was a strong predictor of preterm birth.

Musculoskeletal disorders are the most prevalent problem in the workplace. Unsafe manual material handling is amongst important causes of such disorders. Unsafe manual material handling can result in different musculoskeletal disorders such as acute physical injuries and increase of strain in back، shoulders and arms. United state society of orthopedic surgeons ranked back pain as the most costly disorder، which workplaces are considered to be responsible for most of them. Few studies compare related national and non-national standards in Iran. Therefore، the aim of the present study was to compare Iranian manual material handling regulation، NIOSH equation and MAC method in one of metal casting industries in Tehran، 2001. In this cross-sectional study، participants were randomly selected among men workers، working in industry. Data collection was done using MAC data sheet، NIOSH equation and Iranian MMH regulation. Data were Analyzed using stata software and P-value of 0. 05 or less was considered significant. Results showed an acceptable agreement between Iranian regulation and MAC method as well as Iranian regulation and NIOSH equation. However، no acceptable agreement was observed between MAC method and NIOSH equation.

The aim of this study is to map acute flaccid paralysis in the provinces of Iran, using mixture distributions. In this study, information about the new cases of acute flaccid paralysis which were provided by Management Center of Ministry of Health and Medical Education in 1385 (2006) were analyzed. Poisson Mixture distribution was used to find out the number of at risk groups. Number of components and parameters of each component were found by nonparametric maximum likelihood method using the C.A.MAN software. Bayes’ theorem and programs which are written in the R2.8.0 software were used to assign each province to a parameter. Finally the results were shown on the map using ArcGis9.2. The results show that the incidence of acute flaccid paralysis can be classified into four categories, each having their own specific risk and probability. This study showed that Mixture models can be used to accurately map acute flaccid paralysis in Iran.