عادل زاهد

In all human societies, there are values that form the main foundation of that society's culture. The purpose of this study was to promote the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom among students using a qualitative approach. In this research, a qualitative research method based on thematic analysis approach was used. The statistical population of this research included all martyrs and veterans of eight years of Holy Defense, based on the purposeful sampling method, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 11 martyrs and veterans until theoretical saturation was achieved. In order to ensure the validity of the tool, experts' opinions were used, and to ensure the reliability of the data, the review method of non-participating elites was used. The results of the qualitative findings of the research show that the explanation of the concept of sacrifice and martyrdom, simplicity of life, students' role models, appreciation of the martyrs and martyrs' families, explanation of the historical events of sacrifice and martyrdom, and anti-corruption from the society are among the ways to promote the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom among scholars. The students are

The present study was conducted with the aim of designing and presenting a successful school model in secondary schools in Ardabil province.

Accordingly, the present study was conducted to provide a successful school model. This research has systematically evaluated and analyzed the studies conducted in the field of school with the qualitative research approach and the seven-stage meta-synthesis tool of Sandlowski and Barroso (2007) and has identified the dimensions and components of a successful school model. The research population includes articles that have been published in the field of successful school between 1385 to 1398 in domestic sources and in 2005 to 2020 in foreign sources. As a result, 2151 works were found in various databases. After several stages of screening with the criteria of reviewing the title, abstract and content of the research, finally 50 articles were selected that were more related to the research criteria in terms of content. Its face and content validity was confirmed by experts and the obtained reliability coefficient was 0.83. From the point of view of experts in the field under study, the proposed model was of high quality.

By carefully studying the finalized sources, 12 main components and 55 school indicators were successfully extracted.

Findings show that to achieve a successful school, you need to have the following components: vision and goals, focus and attention, school structure, effective cooperation and communication between employees, support, collaborative management, positive learning climate, professional ethics, leadership Effectiveness, learners, efficiency and effectiveness as well as optimal resource management.

Based on previous researches, quality culture is considered as a dominant and specific university organizational culture, which is defined by common values and commitment to quality by university agents. The purpose of the current research was to modeling and evaluate the factors influencing the establishment of quality culture in Farhangian University. The research method was mixed-exploratory two-stage (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative part, using the semi-structured interview method, 23 academic and subject matter experts were interviewed in a targeted manner from educational and research centers in 2017. Next, in the quantitative part, 462 faculty and non-academic members were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling and answered the questionnaires. The formal and content validity of the quality culture questionnaire has been approved by experts, also in terms of reliability, the internal consistency method using Cronbach's alpha was used to calculate the internal consistency, which indicates the high reliability of the dimensions and components based on the number of factors. Extracted from factor analysis was confirmed. The results of the first and second order confirmatory factor analysis showed that Quality culture Consist of This Factors : "structural / managerial elements", "cultural / psychological elements", "leadership", "communication", "trust", "commitment and accountability", "partnership", "empowerment", "correction" Infrastructure ",. Its indigenous model for establishment in Farhangiyan University has a well-established structural validity. As a result, it can be said that the structural model of The study is of good quality and the observed values are well restored and the model has good predictive ability.

 Today, the consumption of caffeinated beverages such as coffee has increased among athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effect of consuming two different doses of coffee on fluid balance, electrolytes and VO2max in active men.

In quasi-experimental studies, 54 trained men (Age: 20.89±1.31 y; Weight: 70.10±8.43 kg; Height: 174.7±5.65 cm; VO2max: 52.16±5.99 ml/kg/min) were randomly selected and  divided  into three equal groups (N=18). All subjects consumed equal amounts of 3 cups of coffee per day for 5 days (balancing stage), on the sixth and seventh day (test stage) subjects of three groups consumed 0, 3 and 8 cups of coffee per day (equivalent to 0, 258 and 688 mg caffeine per day, respectively). with no other dietary caffeine intake, for 7 days. Before and after the intervention, subjects 'body weight was measured, blood samples were taken to examine blood factors, and subjects' VO2max was assessed using the Fox protocol. The measuring of indices changes in subject's body fluids, electrolytes and VO2max in 3 levels of controlled coffee ingesting, were analyzed by multivariate test (MANOVA) and Tukey post hoc in (P≤0.05).

Percent plasma volume changes in ingestion level of 0 (cup / day) was increased significantly (P = 0.013), compared to ingestion level of 3 (cup / day). The mean body weight of subjects at the ingestion level of 0 (cup / day) showed a significant increase (P = 0.001), compared to the other two levels. Concentration of the serum sodium at the ingestion level of 3 (cup / day) showed a significant increase (P≤0.05), compared to the other two levels. There was no changes in the concentration of serum potassium between different levels of caffeine ingestion. Estimated VO2max in the two forms of absolute and relative at the ingestion level of 8 (cup / day), showed a significant decrease (P= 0.003) compared to the other two levels .

Consumption of coffee in different doses reduces body fluids, increases serum sodium concentration and possibly increases sodium excretion and decreases VO2max in active people. Accordingly, considering the importance of maintaining body fluids on the performance of athletes, it seems that coaches and sports professionals have the necessary care in the amount or time of consumption of this drink.

In order to better understand ‘quality culture’ in the Farhangian University, the ‘grounded theory’ helps us develop a particular conceptual model for the teacher training system in our country, and, this model will provide a proper understanding of quality for the society. The sample of this study includes 23 faculty members of universities and research institutes. Three tools were used to collect the data, namely, interview, taking notes, and review of documents. The data were analyzed through content-analysis method. In the first stage of open coding, 784 concepts were obtained. In the second stage, the data were classified in the form of 120 concepts and 45 categories. In the stage of axial coding, 10 core categories were obtained. In the selective coding stage too the 10 core categories were promoted to the higher abstract level and were classified based on conditional, interactive/procedural and consequential characteristics.
The three fundamental categories of quality culture in this university are dividable to inputs (development of quality culture), processes (enablers), an outputs (the issue of improvement of quality) and the university will witness a fundamental change towards improvement of quality by moving towards this model.

The purpose of present study is investigates psychometric properties of information seeking anxiety scale in university students. Sample in this study consists of 262 university student (137 female and 125 male). Respectively the subscale reliabilities were acceptable and were appropriate Barriers with information resources (α=0.85), barriers with computer and the Internet (α=0.79), barriers with library services (α=0.83), barriers with Searching for information (α=0.80), technical barriers, (α=0.82), and barriers with topic identification (α=0.87). Confirmatory Factor analysis according model was confirmed. results 6-factor Internal consistency coefficients were 0/74. Based on results can be said, 6-factor model (Barriers with information resources, barriers with computer and the Internet, barriers with library services, barriers with Searching for information, technical barriers, and barriers with topic identification) of information seeking anxiety scale is valid and reliable instrument for assessment the information seeking anxiety in university students.

The purpose of the present research was to make a comparison on self- perception and School relationships between students with specific learning disorders and normal students. Samples of this research included 80 second grade guidance school students who were selected using the multi- staged and cluster-random method in city of Ardabil. In order to gather data self-concept scale, school Relations Scale, Revens Intelligence Test, and the author self-composed tests for reading, writing and math evaluation were used. The results of MANCOVA, indicated that School Relations Mean scores were higher in normal students than students with learning disorder (p

The purpose of the present study was to compare motivational beliefs and self- regulated learning strategies in dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia and normal students. This is a comparative case-control study. The population of this research includes all second and third grade secondary students with and without learning disabilities in Rasht city during the academic year of 2012-2013. Using a multi-stage random cluster sampling method, a sample of 60 second and third grade secondary students (15 dyslexia, 15 dysgraphia, 15 dyscalculia and 15 normal) was selected from students in the 1st and 2nd districts of Rasht city. Data were collected using the researcher constructed tests for reading, writing and math evaluation, motivational beliefs and self- regulated learning strategies scale and Raven’s progressive Matrices. Data description, Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and LSD post hoc test were analyzed. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the four groups of students in motivational beliefs and self- regulated learning strategies. This finding has important implications regarding the planning, educational and mental health of students with learning disabilities.

The purpose of the present research is comparing academic adjustment between students with learning disability and students with low, moderate and high academic achievement. This research subjects include 160 second grade guidance school students (40 with learning disability, 40 with low academic achievement 40 with moderate academic achievement and 40 with high academic achievement) who were selected using the multi- staged and cluster-random method among the students in the Ardabil city. For data collection we used California test personality, Revens intelligent test, and the author self-composed tests for reading, writing and math evaluation. Findings indicate that Mean scores academic adjustment in students with high academic achievement is higher than students with learning disability and moderate academic achievement, But no difference was detected between students with learning disability and students with low and moderate academic achievement. It can be concluded that consulting services and training programs can be used for students.

The aim of the present research was to examine the effectiveness of training self-regulated learning strategies and problem-solving on academic motivation in male Students with academic procrastination. The sample consisted of 60 subjects with procrastination randomly selected in high school of Oshnaviheh city. The subject was assigned randomly to experimental and control groups. The techniques used for education was training self-regulated learning strategies and problem-solving. The instrument employed in this research was academic motivation and academic procrastination scales. Results indicate that training self-regulated learning strategies and problem-solving have significance effect on academic motivation various control group (p≥00.1). training self-regulated learning strategies compare whit problem-solving have grater effects(p≥00.1). this results indicates that training self-regulated learning and problem-solving is mor bnefic for students to regulate their self control, motivation and succeses.

Many biological and psychological processes could be effective in drug abuse. The aim of the present research was to determine the relationship of mindfulness skills and metacognitive beliefs with interpersonal reactivity of substance abusers. The research sample consisted of 100 who were selected from among the substance abuser that referred to clinical of addiction withdrawal through the available sampling method in the Ardabil city. To collect the data, Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness, Meta-cognition Questionnaire and Interpersonal Reactivity Index were used. The results showed that mindfulness skills(r =-0.42) and metacognitive beliefs (r =-0.34) are related to interpersonal reactivity in substance abusers. The results of multiple regression showed positive beliefs about worry (B=- 0/346), cognitive self-consciousness (B=- 0/353), and negative beliefs about the uncontrollability of thoughts (B=- 0/301) found to be predictors for interpersonal reactivity in substance abusers. Between mindfulness skills subscales observation (B= 0/403) and accept without judgment (B= 0/346), were found to be the best predictors for interpersonal reactivity. The findings of this study showed that the role of metacognitive beliefs and mindfulness skills predicted moderate reactivity to interpersonal reactivity in substance abusers. On based of this, clinicians must be use for coping with substance abuse of metacognition beliefs and mindfulness skills.

Interest in school is students’ tendency to participation of daily activity of school such as: class participation, doing homework, and following the instructions of the teacher in class, and its absence is one of the factors contributing to the dropout. This study aimed to validate the scale of the students’ interest in school among students of the Ardabil in junior high school level. In this correlational and factor analysis (exploratory and confirmatory) study, 360 participants selected from among students of district 1&2 in Ardabil city based on multi-stage cluster sampling method to fill the form of interest in school. Exploratory factor analysis results indicate six factors with principal components analysis and varimax rotation: attention, obedience, belonging to the school, pay attention to the school education, self-regulatory and usage of cognitive strategies; moreover, confirmatory factor analysis confirms six factor model. It is concluded that Persian version of scale of interest in school has satisfactory psychometric properties in Iranian society which is used in different educational and research conditions.

The purpose of the present study is to determine the role of perceived teacher support in predicting academic self-efficacy in students with learning disabilities. This research is a correlational study. The research sample consisted of 45 students with learning disabilities who were selected by stage random sampling frome among students in Rasht city. The data were collected using the researcher constructed tests for reading, writing and math evaluation, perceived teacher support scale, academic self-efficacy scale and Raven’s progressive Matrices. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that perceived teacher support is related to academic self-efficacy in students with learning disabilities. The result of enter regression showed that perceived teacher support explained academic selfefficacy in students with learning disabilities. This finding has important implications as regards the education and mental health of students with learning disabilities.

Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder that has negative effect on physical function، psychological condition، interpersonal، family and social relationship and in general، on psychological well being. The aim of this study was to investigate of psychological profile in diabetic patients and it''s relatioship with social support. In this descriptive-correlational study، 120 diabetic patients have been selected among of those that systematically refered to Diabetes Clinic of Emam Khomeini Hospital in order to follow their therapeutic process in Ardabil. Data gathering was accomplished by two tests: SCL-90-R and Social Support Scale. Finally data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and T-test on SPSS-17 software and p-value less than 0. 05 considered as significant. Results showed that 70% of diabetic patients had problems in somatic complaint and obsession، 62. 5% in sensitivity، 72. 5% in depression، 62. 5% in anxiety، 55% in hostility، 67. 5% in paranoid thoughts، 27. 5% in phobia and 37. 5% in psychosis. Correlations between social support with somatic complaint، obsession، sensitivity، depression، anxiety، hostility and paranoid thoughts were negatively significant. Family support associated significantly with all of the psychological variables but friend Support had no significant correlation with them. The range of psychological problems experienced by diabetic patients is more extensive and these problems have significant relationship with social support. Thus، attention to different dimensions of psychological health is necessary and social support-based interventions can be more effective.

The purpose of the present research is to compare peer acceptance in students with learning disability and students with low, moderate and high academic achievement.Statistical population of this applied and causal-comparativeresearchincludes the second-grade middle school students in Ardabil City. The research sample consists of 160 students (40 with learning disability, 40 with low, 40 with moderate, and 40 others with high academic achievement) selected through multistage cluster random sampling. In order to collect data, reading, writing and math tests, peer acceptance scale and Moreno’S sociomotric test were used. The MANOVA results show that there is a significant difference between students with learning disability and students with low, moderate and high academic achievement in peer acceptance. The results indicate that students with learning disability and the ones with low academic achievement have bigger problems in peer acceptance.The findings of this study have important implications about education and counseling servicesfor exceptional students. Therefore, it is suggested that by teaching social communicative skills to students with learning disabilities, they should be helped to increase their popularity among their classmates to overcome their academic problems.

The goal of the present study is to investigate the role of hope in interacting with gender in the Mohaghegh Ardebili university athlete students Self-Efficacy. Statistical population includes all athlete students، male and female، who enrolled in Mohaghegh Ardebili university in the first semester of the academic year1389-90. Using random sampling، 120 boysand120 girls were considered from the Of the Statistical population. Statistical sample size was calculated using the formula Cochrane. The research Data was collected in a field setting by the use of adults ​​Hope scale Snyder and colleagues and Self-efficacy questionnaire Mark Sherer and James Maddox. Data was evaluated using two-factor analysis of variance. The results of the research showed that the male athlete Students had more Self-Efficacy than female athlete students. In the athlete students Self-Efficacy with different levels of Hope there is difference، and Hope interacting with gender affects Self-Efficacy.

The aim of the personal study was to determine the relationship between mindfulness, coping style and emotional intelligence with mental health. The statistical population was 46000 students. Using Morgan table the sample size was 465 people. To gather the data mindfulness questionnaire, coping styles, emotional intelligence and mental health scales ere used. The results showed that there was significant positive difference between mindfulness with problem oriented coping styles, and there was significant negative difference between mindfulness with emotion oriented coping styles. There was a negative relation between problem oriented coping styles and mental health, but a positive relation was found between emotion oriented coping styles and mental health. The multiple regression results showed that mindfulness explained 7% of problem oriented coping styles, and 5% of emotion oriented coping styles and 10% of mental health component was explained by problem oriented coping and 18% of mental health was explained by emotion oriented coping styles.

In this study, the effectiveness of stress management training on reduction of psychological symptoms and glycemic control has been investigated in diabetic patients. The participants were 36 diabetic patients that were selected from among those who regularly referred to Diabetes Clinic at Emam Khomeini Hospital in order to follow their therapeutic process in Ardabil. Selected subjects divided equally and randomly in two groups (experimental and control group). Experimental group attended in stress management training for 12 sessions. The subjects were evaluated in three stages (pretreatment, post treatment, and follow-up) by SCL-90-R and HbA1c assessment experiment. ANCOVA and repeated measures were used to analyze the data. Results showed that stress management training is effective in reduction of the glycemic control index (HbA1c), somatic complaints, depression, sensitivity in interpersonal relationship and anxiety scores of experimental subjects (P<0.01) and these effectiveness were stable in 3-month follow-up. These findings showed that stress management training is effective on reduction of psychological symptoms and glycemic control in diabetic patients and can be used as an effective treatment in these patients.

TO explore the relationship between self-conscious emotions, procrastination, and academic self-confidence and achievement, a sample of 365 undergraduates was randomly selected from among all students of one university. Analysis of the data collected using a questionnaire, showed that academic achievement has a significant correlation with shame, guilt, and selfishness. A negative correlation was seen between procrastination and academic self-confidence. Close to 9% of the variance in academic achievement is explained by self-conscious emotions, whereas the procrastination factor, along selfconscious emotions account for only 8% of academic selfconfidence. The results can be used in counseling students.

Family has a profound influence on personality traits of child. It also makes changes in mental processes of family members. Due to the fact that the absence of one parent or both of them has unpleasant effect on mental growth of children and adolescents، this study is looking for the comparison between parented and unparented adolescents in terms of psychological hardiness. All students whom studied in secondary schools and high schools in Ardebil in 1388-89، are considered as statistic population of present research. For this purpose، among all high schools in Ardebil city، 18 schools were selected by cluster sampling method. Then 150 adolescents (75 girls and 75 boys) were selected by simple sampling method. Through filling out psychological hardiness uestionnaires، students took part in this study. Data was analyzed by the use of multivariate analysis of variance. Results of present research have shown that there are differences in terms of psychological hardiness between parented and unpatented adolescents،but no difference between girls and boys in term of hardiness. this study shows that parented adolescents have more psychological hardiness than others and adolescents without mother have less hardiness than two other groups. Perhaps، stress and lack of mental health have been the most important factors in low hardiness.