عباس علیپور

Anxiety and depression are determinants of the prognosis of coronary artery disease(CAD). Spiritual well-being and religious commitment affect people's mental well-being. Due to the limitations of previous similar studies in the difference in demographic characteristics of participants with CAD patients, it was necessary to repeat these studies in coronary artery disease patients. In this study, the state of spiritual well-being and religious commitment and their relationship with anxiety and depression in coronary artery disease patients referred to Fatemeh Zahra Hospital (Mazandaran Cardiology Center) in 1400 and 1401 were investigated.

In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, 159 heart and CAD patients referred to Fatemeh Zahra Hospital (Mazandaran Cardiology Center) were selected by conventional sampling method. Demographic and well-being variables including age, gender, marital status, education level, employment status, and history of psychiatric diseases and substance abuse were measured using the data collection form. The participants answered the questionnaires of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (with validity in the anxiety component t260=21.32 and depression t260=23.41 and reliability in the anxiety component r=0.75 and depression r=0.71), the scale of the practice of religious beliefs (Mabad) (reliability confirmed with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 91.0 and criterion-related validity coefficient of .0.84) and Palutzian Ellison's spiritual well-being (validity confirmed by content validity and reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.89). Data were analyzed with the help of Stata 14 statistical software at the significance level of P<0.05. Independent T-test and ANOVA tests were used to compare quantitative scores between study groups, and the Chi-square test was used to compare the frequency of qualitative variables between groups. The relationship between the variables was measured by Pearson's correlation coefficient test.

The average age of the participants was 57.82±14.0 and 33.33% of the sample were men. The religious commitment score of the participants was in the range of 97-10 with an average of 63.73±19.10 (high commitment level). 23% of participants had low religious commitment and 77% had high religious commitment. The religious well-being score of the participants was in the range of 60-34 with an average of 55.28±6.38 and the existential well-being score of the participants was in the range of 60-13 with an average of 43.07±11.24. Also, the spiritual well-being score of the participants was at the average level with a range of 120-54 and an average of 98.35±14.54. 51% of the participants had average spiritual well-being and 49% had high spiritual well-being. The hospital anxiety score of the participants was in the range of 0-21 with an average of 8.23±5.67 (at the level of mild anxiety). 44.2% of the participants had no anxiety, 16% had mild anxiety, 19.2% had moderate anxiety, and 20.5% had severe anxiety. The hospital depression score of the participants was in the range of 0-21 with an average of 7.35±5.06 (at the level of mild depression). 46.4% of the participants had no depression, 14.6% had mild depression, 12.1% had moderate depression, and 26.7% had severe depression. A negative correlation was found between the severity of spiritual well-being and the severity of depression with a Pearson coefficient of -0.62 (P<0.001) and the severity of anxiety (-0.48, P<0.001). The relationship between the intensity of religious commitment with the intensity of anxiety (P=0.87) and the intensity of depression (P=0.12) was not significant.

Considering the reduction of anxiety and depression scores in samples with higher spiritual well-being scores, it is recommended to focus more on improving the spiritual well-being level of CAD patients by medical staff, as well as group training programs and spiritual self-care training programs after discharge. Follow. Psychotherapy sessions with a spiritual approach can also be useful.

Access to primary healthcare services, considering equity and equality in the health system, is a right of the global community. To provide primary health services, the rural family physician program was implemented at the beginning of 2005 to achieve universal health coverage in rural areas and small cities (with a population of less than 20,000). The specific goals of this program included the implementation of the referral system, increasing the responsiveness of the health market, increasing people’s access to health services, reducing unnecessary costs in the health market, and increasing service coverage. After approximately 7 years of implementation of this program, the urban family physician program started in Mazandaran and Fars province as a pilot project. The urban family physician program started in the Mazandaran province in 2012 as the first level of providing health services. In line with the better implementation of this program and considering the wide range of expected programs and activities, it is essential to entrust the appropriate activities with the time of the service providers. This study was conducted to assess the expected duration of activities assigned to the family physician.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 15 urban family physician centers (6 government and 9 private centers) in Golugah, Behshahr, Neka, Ghaemshahr, Noor, and Chalus cities of Mazandaran province. Out of 15 cities with more than 20,000 people participating in this program in Mazandaran province, the six cities mentioned above were randomly selected, and 15 urban family doctors were randomly selected from the existing list. Finally, the target groups were included in the study for convenience sampling. To collect the data, checklists compiled based on care packages corresponding to 8 groups of service recipients (elderly (11 services), middle-aged (7 services), youth (13 services), teenagers (24 services), under 5 years old (6 services), mana (15 services), mothers (3 services), and non-target visit) were used. For each service recipient group, at least three individuals were examined. Central and dispersion indices were used to describe the data.

The results of measuring the time of providing service to 297 people (including 90 under 5 years old, 30 people receiving Mana services, 30 people from each of the groups of mothers, teenagers, young people, middle-aged, elderly, and 27 people from non-target visit) showed that the median and mean expected time for providing daily service by an urban family physician to the covered population is 2 h and 52 min and 3 h and 23 min, respectively. The estimated time was different in the groups receiving the service, the highest time of which was related to the visit of the non-target service group with median and mean of 84.17 and 87.20 min, respectively, and the lowest time was related to Mana services with a median and mean of 3.40 and 4.34 min, respectively.

Urban family physicians have enough time to provide daily services, and therefore it seems that the health system has not assigned them more than their daily time capacity.

The design of traffic signs should consider human cognitive abilities to enhance drivers’ understanding of the signs. Cognitive features, as one of the crucial principles of ergonomics, are among the influential factors in the design of signs. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of graphic elements of eight new sign designs based on cognitive features on conveying the message “prohibition of using mobile phones.”

This study was conducted in six driving schools in Tehran in 2013. One hundred seventy-four participants, with an average age of 23.5 and a standard deviation of six years, participated in this study. Participants were then presented with the designed signs through a colored questionnaire. They were instructed to evaluate the signs’ cognitive features including simplicity, concreteness, meaningfulness, and semantic closeness—using a Likert scale ranging from 0 to 100. 

The results revealed that the average score of the cognitive features of the designed signs is higher than other traffic, industrial and pharmaceutical signs. In this study, “semantic closeness” was the best cognitive feature for predicting the message of the signs. The sign with the “hands-free” element had the best performance in transferring the message.

This research aimed to identify the most effective of eight proposed signs for banning mobile phone use while driving. Participants rated the sign featuring a button phone with a hands-free symbol as the top choice. Although most of the mobile phones in the market are of the touch screen type and the use of button phones has decreased a lot, the symbol of these phones as the dominant symbol still effectively conveys messages.

Establishment and development of settlement is in relation to environmental condition and geomorphic condition. . The aim of this study is to identify to limitations and capabilities in this area in conjunction with residential development to the development of residential areas in Tafresh.In order to aim using of combination model AHP-Fuzzy relation with geomorphologic planning. Data analysis in this research is that it is 14 natural parameter geomorphological forms such as elevation, slope, aspect, land use, geology, soil, geomorphology, erosion, distance of road, distance of river, distance of fault and distance of landslide point as effective parameters in study question selected. Eventually after standardization, integration and geomorphological mapping based on fuzzy model and manipulate results showed that 68% of the area of 1861 square kilometers is unsuitable for residential development that This shows the limited nature of the right places according to the geomorphological conditions of the region to develop and create new settlements. Geomorphological units such as mountains, plains, salt plains, dunes, sand dunes, rocky hills and badlands with limits for human settlements and development of alluvial fan and alluvial plains are more suitable for the development of settlements.

Coronary angiography is an elective method to confirm or rule out coronary artery disease and to decide on the treatment plan but it is an invasive method and it has some complications. The most important and common complication was hematoma. It could be the cause of mortality and morbidity. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the time of hematoma occurrence after angioplasty and investigating the effect of various factors (for example age, sex, BMI, BP, hematocrit, anticoagulant agent, etc.) on the occurrence of hematoma.

This was a prospective cohort study from March 2022 to March 2023 in Mazandaran heart center. The study population was patients who underwent angioplasty through the femoral artery. If the ACT is less than 150-180, sheet removal was done by applying pressure with the hand on the proximal puncture site for 15-20 minutes and ensuring sufficient hemostasis. Then, the ultrasound of the puncture site was performed before pulling the sheet/one hour and six hours after pulling the sheet, and after collecting the data, the data were analyzed to study the effect of BMI, BP, sex, hematocrit, hemoglobin, age, time of sheet removal, anticoagulant agent, etc. on prevalence of hematoma and it size.

200 patients were examined, of which 44(22%) had hematoma. Women had hematoma more than men (P<0.05). BMI and blood pressure in patients with hematoma decreased and increased, respectively (P<0.05). Older age, female gender, lower hematocrit, and longer duration of sheet retention were effective factors in increasing hematoma size (P<0.05). In the logistic regression model, with increasing BMI, the chance of hematoma occurrence decreased (P=0.029, OR=0.831).

Controlling blood pressure and preventing of decreasing the hematocrit, reduces the incidence of hematoma in patients after angiography. Also, preventing hematocrit drop and removal of sheet at the appropriate time, can prevent of increasing in size of hematoma. There is some difference between nursing report and sonography finding. Nursing report overestimated the hematoma size.

With the epidemic of coronavirus, based on the content of some hadiths, including the famous hadith "La'Adwi", and combining and comparing it with some teachings of traditional medicine, some appearanceists declared that all diseases are non-contagion. This attitude was in opposition to modern medicine and in denial of the spread of infectious diseases, which resulted in non-observance of health issues and consequently led to the spread of the disease, increase in the costs of the health sector, and the negative view of researchers towards Islamic teachings.

The current research was carried out using reliable library sources, related articles, and the content analysis method. This inferential study aimed to investigate “disease transmission from the viewpoint of medical jurisprudence and hadith" and then adapt the findings to new medical results.

Findings of the present research revealed that the superficial attitude towards the hadiths and its teachings is harmful, and the attitude towards the hadiths in this matter, including the hadith of La'Adawi, is controversial from the point of view of many scholars. Moreover, some of its narrators are unreliable and the fact that the source of this hadith is the Prophet of Islam is questionable. In terms of implication, in addition to its conflict with the facts of human experience in the medical field, there are many analyzes for it. Assuming the acceptance of the negation of the spread of the disease in this hadith, it should be said that only the transmission of a specific infectious disease such as "Scabies" in animals that was the subject of question in the hadith was denied.

By taking into account the problems of authenticity, reliability, and the implication of the hadith concerning the non-transmission of the disease, as well as definivity of some hadiths regarding the possibility, existence, and spread of the disease, taking health care measures, quarantine, avoiding the disease, and observing social distancing during the disease outbreak is a rational, legitimate, and bligatory decision to make.

Palpation of the radial pulse is a valuable clinical tool and one of the most useful physical examinations in medical care. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between the number of pulses measured by the radial artery and the pulses recorded by electrocardiogram (ECG).

We conducted a correlational study and the research population included patients attending Emergency Department in Sari Imam Khomeini Hospital. The pulse rate was recorded by measuring the radial pulse rate of the left hand and the heart rate using an electrocardiogram device. In case of regular rhythm, the number of beats was measured for 15, 30, and 60 seconds using a digital stopwatch and multiplied by 4, 2, and 1, respectively.

There was a slight difference in pulse rate between the radial artery measurement for 15 seconds and the ECG that was statistically significant (P<0.001), but this difference was not significant for 30 and 60 seconds (P>0.05). The ICC correlation coefficient between pulse rates for 15, 30, and 60 seconds and ECG was high (above 0.98).

Based on the present study, instead of electrocardiogram, radial pulse count for 30 seconds multiplied by 2 can be used in clinical conditions, especially in emergency.

The geographical and geopolitical factors play an undeniable role in the occurrence of wars. Governments of countries with geopolitical constraints often have developmentalist views of their neighbors in order to change this situation, and Iran, given its geopolitical position, has always been influenced by this feature. The eight-year war in Iraq against Iran is also one of the most important wars of the contemporary period, which has been greatly influenced by geopolitics and geography.The purpose of this study is to investigate and explain the geopolitical contexts of the Iraq-Iran war. In fact, the present study seeks to answer the question, what are the most important geopolitical contexts for the outbreak of the Iraq-Iran war? This research is descriptive-analytical based on its nature and method. The required information has been collected in a documentary manner and by referring to reliable sources such as books, articles and credible reports.The research findings show that the imposed war of Iraq against Iran took place in three contexts: national, regional and international. According to these findings, geopolitical factors of war at the national level to territorial and territorial factors, geoeconomic, geoculture, hydropolitical, political, geostrategic and military; At the regional level, it can be divided into territorial, geo-economic, geocultural, political, geostrategic and military factors, and at the international level into geo-economic, geocultural, political, geo-strategic and military factors.

Cesarean section (C-section) is associated with high rate of complications, one of the most important of which is bleeding. Isthmocele is one of the causes of bleeding after a C-section. This study was performed to evaluate the risk factors and clinical findings of isthmocele in women undergoing C-section.

In this cross-sectional study, 200 women with a history of cesarean delivery in Sari Imam Khomeini Hospital (2017-2018) were studied. Demographic information, risk factors, and clinical and ultrasound findings were recorded. Independent t-test and Chi-square were applied for data analysis. Relationship between isthmocele risk factors and its incidence was investigated by multiple logistic regression.

In this study, 57 patients (28.5%) had isthmocele and 143 (71.5%) did not have the problem (P=0.03). According to findings, 100% of patients with isthmocele had dilatation less than 5 cm and 89.7% underwent cesarean in less than five hours since the onset of labor, indicating a significant difference compared to those without isthmocele (P=0.04 and P=0.08, respectively). Number of C-sections was higher in patients with isthmocele (1.9±0.8) than in those without isthmocele (P=0.03). Among the symptoms, there was a significant difference in abnormal uterine bleeding (P=0.02), menometrorrhagia (P=0.01), spotting (P<0.001), and dysmenorrhea (P=0.04) between the groups with and without isthmocele.

Abnormal uterine bleeding was found as the most common symptom and recurrent cesarean was identified as the most important risk factor for isthmocele, which needs to be reduced by health care providers.

Good governance has been the focus of social science researchers in the last three decades. According to the latest definition of the World Bank, good governance, in the adoption of predictable, open and explicit government policies, transparent bureaucracy; Accountability of executive bodies for their activities; People's active participation in social and political affairs, as well as the equality of all people before the law, crystallizes. In general, it can be said that good governance is the practice of managing (political, economic,...) resources of a country to achieve the set goals. This practice includes solutions and institutions through which individuals and social groups have the ability to pursue their interests and legal rights with respect to restrictions. In order to create good governance in societies, the dimensions of development should be considered, one of which is the cultural and social dimension. It is necessary to create good governance in societies with different ethnic groups like Iran, knowing the cultural and social activities of the ethnic groups. This article aims to answer the question that the cultural and social capacities of the Turkmen people with a documentary-library method and a descriptive-analytical approach. What are the factors affecting national security from the point of view of good governance? And then, after knowing these indicators, some things should be suggested to improve it. According to the findings of the present research, those characteristics of good governance that the Turkmen people can achieve desirable cultural and social functions by having them are: the rule of law, government accountability, cultural justice and government accountability.

This study was carried out to analyze the trend of death due to substance abuse and related factors in Iran in order to design and implement preventive and therapeutic interventions for substance related deaths.

In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the data of 6810 deaths caused by drug abuse, registered in the "System of Registration and Classification of Causes of Death", defined by ICD-10 criteria and based on the reports of Ministry of Health and Legal Medicine Organization in 2014-2018. Variables including age, gender, type of poisoning and the type of substance leading to death were examined. Description of these data and examination of the time trend of the raw mortality rate were performed using joinpoint regression analysis and percentage of annual changes (APC) and average percentage of annual changes (AAPC) were calculated in SPSS V23.

The average age of the deceased was 39.2±17.0 years. Majority of them were men. Central regions followed by western regions of Iran accounted for the highest number of deaths that was related to opioid poisoning. Accidental poisoning and poisoning with unknown intention were the most frequent causes. Deaths due to opioids (APC=27.2, P=0.008) and stimulants (APC=109.24, P=0.1) overdose showed an increasing trend and a peak in 2014 in Iran. A decreasing trend was found in two groups of sedative-hypnotic-anxiolytics and other drugs, but it was not statistically significant. No trends were found for alcohol-related deaths.

There is a considerable increasing trend in accidental deaths, especially caused by opioids and mainly in middle-aged men which requires limiting measures. It is recommended to intensify drug monitoring and provide trainings about using naloxone as an emergency antidote to opiate overdose to families, police and emergency staff in early stages of drug poisoning.

The Kurds are genuine Iranian ethnic groups residing on the western borders of the country. The Kurds have two ethnic identities - religious (at the micro level) and Iranian national identity (at the macro level). In different periods before and after the Islamic Revolution, various ethnic-religious riots were created in Kurdish areas, especially in Kurdistan province, Kurdish areas of West Azerbaijan and Oramanat region of Kermanshah province by separatist groups. In the current international and regional conditions, ethnic and religious separatist movements whose activities date back to before and after the Islamic Revolution, are preparing and shifting ethnic identity to ethnic nationalism and Religious identity toward religious extremism and insecurity.The present study was aimed to evaluate and identify the relationship between religious identity and security in Oramanat region of Kermanshah province who were selected by stratified method. The data were collected using a researcher-made written questionnaire. The research sample was 359 Kurdish residents aged 15 to 65 years (Sunni religion) in Oramanat region of Kermanshah province who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data were also analyzed by SPSS software. The results of the study indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between religious identity and security in this region. Thus, religious identity can become a barrier against religious extremism and maintain security in these areas.

The death registration is conducted by different systems in Iran. The drug-related death registration is exclusively conducted by Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME) and Legal Medicine Organization (LMO). This study investigates the causes of undercounting drug-related deaths (DRDs) in Iran, provides recommendations for addressing this issue, and provides a geographical evaluation of the integrity and quality of drug-related mortality registration (2014–2017).

This is a mix-method study. In part1, individual targeted interviews were conducted with 12 experts in death registration in MOHME and LMO to collect data on the causes of low registration in Iran and provide recommendations for resolving the issue. Part2 of the study involved an intervention in the form of a memorandum of understanding on reduction of low-registrations. This memorandum was signed to transfer information about the corpses between the MOHME and LMO. First, the number of DRDs (2014-2017) was examined using capture-recapture method and, then, we calculated and compared the rate of preintervention (2014-2016) and post-intervention (2017) under-registration to assess whether this memorandum of understanding had been effective in reduction of under-registrations.

In part1, according to the participants, the causes of undercounting DRDs in LMO and MOHME were arranged and categorized into 4 categories: weak administration system, physician and personnel training problems, system constraints, and client-related problems. Also, some suggestions were presented to help resolving the problem of undercounting; these suggestions concern the administrative system, technology, and educational domains. In part 2, about half of the provinces in Iran had a positive performance in reducing the undercount.

At the macro level, the memorandum of understanding between the two organizations responsible for registering deaths was effective. However, increasing the quality of data registrations requires monitoring at the micro and organizational levels to lead to a positive performance in reducing death under-registration in all provinces.

The Red Sea and its environs, which includes several countries in the Horn of Africa, are lately receiving increased global attention and many regional and global powers are seeking to expand and extension their presence and influence in this strategic place. Powerful states in the Middle East have also begun to compete for power in the Red Sea over the past few years. Along with historical competitions in the Persian Gulf and the Middle East, today the Red Sea has become the third important center of competition. Meanwhile, Saudi Arabia hastened to establish new regional arrangements in the Red Sea, which revealed the irreplaceable role and importance of the Red Sea in regional and trans-regional equations. The main purpose of this study is to analyze and identify the roots of Strategic policies of Saudi Arabia in the Red Sea and its impact on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The main question of the article is? What are Saudi Arabia's strategic priorities in the Red Sea? What is the impact of implementing these strategies on Iran's national security ? The balance of threats such as the Iran-Ansarollah and the Turkish axis - Qatar is the strategic priorities of Saudi Arabia for the Red Sea, in which the success of such policies can be associated with consequences such as reducing security and national authority and geopolitical constriction for Iran.

The relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia have become a complex and challenging issue due to the current developments, especially after 2011. On the one hand, internal security has become the most important concern of the two parties, especially Saudi Arabia, and on the other hand, regional developments have provided the ground for competition to increase the sphere of influence between the two countries, and more importantly, Saudi Arabia has a greater degree of adherence to international developments than the Islamic Republic of Iran, especially the United States. In general, the relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia can be defined in a historical fluctuation, a fluid state between "interaction", "tolerance", "confrontation" and "conflict". Accordingly, it has been very rare for relations between the two countries to be in a state of prolonged interaction or conflict; the two countries of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia, despite many similarities, have not been able to reach an agreement on common and even close definitions, thus leading to a threatening understanding of each other so that the two countries see a bright horizon in their relations hesitantly; Therefore, the research question is the lack of knowledge of solutions and obstacles in the management of the conflict between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia, it is what are the important components in the management of the conflict between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia? .The research method of this research is analytical and descriptive. This is a qualitative research in which the researcher collects data through various sources and uses interviews with experts and analyzes the issue and then creates a conceptual framework based on the five dimensions of Buzan security and points to patterns of friendship and enmity; Based on this conceptual framework, the differences between Iran and Saudi Arabia can be seen in all these aspects of classical security, economic, social, political and even environmental. Accordingly, Buzan's approach also points out that security has taken on different dimensions since the 1990s, and it can be said that the five dimensions of Buzan's security and Buzan's definition of security can indicate that the major differences between Iran and Saudi Arabia fall into these five dimensions. The researcher further examines the obstacles in the relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia, such as obstacles in the field of politics and security, obstacles in the field of geoeconomics, obstacles in the field of ideology, the position of trans-regional actors in the conflict between Iran and Saudi Arabia. Iran and Saudi Arabia, such as moving from an absolutist to a relativistic point of view, thematic prioritization of interests, avoidance of entering the red line, mutual understanding of the two actors of implicit division of regional sphere of influence and ensuring not to enter the sphere of influence of a rival actor in a realistic sense, it refers to high politics and the use of formal principles and channels instead of informal principles. In a general summary, the researcher points out that currently "perceptions" and "misconceptions" by the political elites of the two countries are the most important variables in the stability of tensions between the two countries, and this is not something that can be discussed. Political and the promise of mutual trust can be resolved; Therefore, accurate identification of the red lines of each party and its observance or, at a minimum, the ability to bargain over it can help a lot to resolve reciprocal problems. Finally, it should be said that the establishment of diplomatic relations is the most important and only official channel that can convey the common intentions of the two countries without misunderstanding and mediation.

Sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) is used to assess the severity of the disease and mortality rate in patients admitted to ICU. SOFA requires experiments that are impractical in centers with limited resources. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic value of bedside SOFA (b SOFA) and SOFA scores in mortality of ICU patients.

This cohort study was performed in 60 patients with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) older than 18 years of age. SOFA and b SOFA scores were recorded at admission, then daily until admission at ICU.

According to the Lin and Bland-Altman agreement coefficient, there was a very good agreement between SOFA and b SOFA scores at days 1, 15, 16, 17, 18, and 20. At days 3, 5, 7, 14, and 19 we observed a good agreement and significant correlation between SOFA and b SOFA scores. Findings showed a moderate agreement between SOFA and b SOFA scores at days 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13, but at days 13 and 15 there was a direct relationship between the two scores (P>0.05). Area Under Curve (AUC) method in ROC Curve showed no significant difference in diagnostic value between SOFA and b SOFA scores except at day 17 (P>0.05), indicating acceptable diagnostic value of b SOFA score compared to SOFA score. The sensitivity and specificity of the tools in terms of prognosis were found to be very close at different times showing similar diagnostic values.

The study showed diagnostic accuracy, and high sensitivity and specificity for predicting mortality and strong positive correlation between the two tools, so b SOFA is a suitable alternative due to lower cost with greater ease.

The present study has identified and presented a model of challenges of the Social Security Organization in the field of resources and expenditures. Challenges identified in this study include economic conditions, underlying conditions and intervening conditions. From the perspective of purpose, this research is among the applied research and in terms of nature and method is descriptive survey research. The statistical population of this research in the qualitative part including elites and experts in the field of social security, as well as economists, politicians and includes 2159 people in the quantitative part including all senior, middle and senior managers of the Social Security Organization. The sample size in the qualitative section was judgmental and purposeful and with a sample size of 5 to 10 experts and in the quantitative part, random sampling of senior, middle and senior managers of the Social Security Organization according to Morgan Table was equal to 325 people. The results showed that the component of economic and social conditions does not have a significant effect on the interventionist conditions. The context condition component has a significant effect on the intervening condition. The component of economic and social conditions has a significant effect on the imbalance of resources and expenditures in the Social Security Organization.The component of background conditions has a significant effect on the imbalance of resources and expenditures in the Social Security Organization. The component of intervening conditions has a significant effect on the imbalance of resources and expenditures in the Social Security Organization.

Islamic Republic of Iran Preserving the principles and foundations of the Islamic Revolution and the country's independence, wants peaceful coexistence with the world, especially neighboring countries in all fields, Russia has a special position with this Iran due to the developments in West Asia and the US presence in the region, Relationship development with Russia has been a priority in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The purpose of this study is to explain the effect of Iran's regional power on the conformity of Russia's foreign policy. This research is an applied research that has been done by descriptive, analytical and survey methods. In the library section, materials and documents were collected using the research worksheet tool. In the survey section, the analysis of the data obtained from the interviews has been done through the qualitative method of the foundation data and the in-depth interview technique. Temporally and thematically, the 20-year relationship between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Russia and the latest doctrines of national security, foreign policy and military doctrine of that country have been studied, in terms of location, it includes the two countries of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Russia. Research findings and results show; Russian policy is utilitarianism and pragmatism of and follow the school of realism and neo-realism, due to that, Russians will approach the Islamic Republic of Iran in a situation when Iran is independent to the West and Iran roles as a complement to Russia's geopolitics and geostrategic as a regional power. Because they believe that the interests of the Russian people depend on the existence of a strong and effective Iran in the international arena that can play a united role for Russia, which with the help of Iran, they can prevent the world from falling into chaos and establish a new just world order. But at the same time, they prefer a strong Iran of civilization to a strong ideological Iran

The geographical location of Yazd province has greatly influenced the creation of spatial and climatic diversity and the provision of appropriate facilities for the formation of various natural and cultural attractions. Nevertheless, these areas need more attention in terms of the potential of tourism development for social sustainability. This research is done with the aim of spatial analysis of tourism capacity of desert areas and its role in social sustainability, and according to its nature, it is an applied type. The research method is descriptive-analytic. Documentary and field data are used to collect data. The data were analyzed quantitatively (one-sample T-test, Pearson test and AHP and Barda methods). The findings show that according to the experts' opinion, the effective indicators in identifying tourism capacities are distance from roads, distance from historical attractions, distance from residential centers, distance from natural attractions, type and soil suitability, distance from water resources , Elevation, direction of gradient, slope, land use and precipitation. The results show that 24 percent of the total area of the area has relatively good capacity and is located in the central, eastern and northeastern parts of the province. The most important criteria that have made these areas selected as optimal areas are the density of natural-ecological elements such as the existence of diverse deserts and deserts, geotops, glacier cirques, and historical-cultural elements such as traditional water reservoirs, markets, shrines and temples And so on. Also, 26% of the area has average power, which is mostly located in the east and northeast of the province. Finally, areas with inappropriate and relatively inappropriate power are found in parts of the eastern province of Karshra that occupy 51% of the total area of the zone. The results of measuring the social sustainability status of desert and desert areas based on indicators (population distribution, transport infrastructure, immigration status and deprivation rate) show that Yazd city has the highest ranking and Ardakan, Bafgh, Mehriz , Taft Meybod and Abarkuhh moderate sustainability, and finally Khatam, Saduj and Bahabad are among the unstable and less developed cities of Yazd province. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is a significant relationship between tourism development and social sustainability in different regions of Yazd province at 99% level. This means that areas with demographic, demographic, and low levels of social sustainability have lower attraction and tourism capabilities than other Yazd province cities.