عبدالرسول سبحانی

The main purpose of this research is to provide strategies in institutionalizing the study among students of the officer University and the training of Imam Hussein's protection against al-Islam. The present research method is applied and quantitative. According to the statistical population of 4500 students of a military university, the number of 353 samples was obtained using Cochran formula And for data collection, a researcher-made questionnaire was used, whose validity was measured with approved experts and reliability by Cronbach's alpha method. Using SPSS software and descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and ...) and inferential (Kolmogorov Smirnov, single-sample t-test), management command variables, educational and cultural promotional and research questions analyzed Took The study culture, management command indicator, the highest mean of the category (the clash of librarians and libraries authorities) with an average of 61.6 (from 5). In the educational index, the highest average of floss (by studying, the culture of my land of my land) was 68.68 (from 5). In the promotional cultural index, the highest average of floss (spoke of the study was pleased) with an average of 4.12 (from 5).

Chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) is one of the most common diseases in otolaryngology. The most important complication of COME is development delay of cognitive and linguistic skills due to hearing loss. Treatment of COME is both surgical and medical. Because of the high cost of operation and its complications, many studies have been done to replace it with medical therapy. Oral steroids are one of the most important drugs which are studied for treatment of COME.

Purpose of present study was to examine the effect of adding oral steroids to antibiotics in treatment of otitis media with effusion.

The study was carried out as double- blind controlled clinical trials and eighty cases of 4 - 10 years old patients who had type B tympanometry in both ears were divided into two equal groups. Forty patients received only Amoxicillin (Group 1) and the remaining received Amoxicillin with prednisolone. (Group2) Tympanometry was repeated after two weeks. Type A tympanometry in both ears was supposed as improvement and the other form indicated no improvement.

In Group (1) only 2 out of 40 patients (%5) and in Group (2) 11 out of 40 patients (27/5%) were improved. There was a statistically difference in improvement between the two groups,(P=0/013) which was greater in group 2.

The results of this study confirmed previous studies and showed that the combination of steroids with Antibiotics has a greater efficacy than antibiotics alone. At the same time, becauses of steroids' potential adverse effects, their routine use is not advocated until greater studies will carried out.

Meningiomas are usually slow growing and benign neoplasms that arise from the intracranial and spinal meninges and their dural extensions. They constitue about 20% of all central nervous system neoplasms.

The objective of this study was to gain more insight into some of important characteristics of meningioma in neurological department of the hospital.

We reviewed retrospectively a series of 62 patients operated on for an intracranial meningioma over a period of 6 years (1994-1999). Setting of study was Rasht Poorsina Hospital and medical records were used. Demographic characteristics, age, gender, clinical, pathological, radiological and other important data were investigated and analyzed.

Meningioma represent 19.1% [CI95%: 14.8%-23.3%] of intracranial tumors. Mean age was 49.1  11.7 years. Female/ male ratio was nearly 1.6:1. History of head trauma was seen in 5 (8.1%). Contraceptive pills were used in 23.7% of women. The most common presenting symptom was headache. The majority of tumors originated in convexity of brain. Peritumoral edema was observed in 37 (59.7%) of cases. Fibroblastic tumors were the most common reported pathology. In our series, we did not observed malignant meningioma and/or multiple meningioma.

Findings of this study were consistent with other demographic and clinical studies.

One of the most important cause of mortality in parturients is early postpartum severe hemorrhage that accounts for 28% of maternal death.

The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of postpartum hemorrhage in cesarean section and requirement of blood transfusion during 24 hours after operation.

This was a cross sectional study that performed among patients who underwent cesarean section at Alzahra Hospital in Rasht in 2000. Selection of 1600 records out of 3200 records by systematic Randomization was the base of this study. Of these, 100 records were omitted because of poor information and the rest (1500 records) were considered with these variables: blood transfusion requirements, kind of anesthesia, amnionitis, kind of uterine incision and labor abnormalities. Test of chi-square has been used for making a comparison between two groups, namely those requiring blood transfusion and those who didn’t need it.

Our study showed that incidence of early postpartum hemorrhage in cesarean deliveries was 2.26 percent and it was similar to other studies and the risk factors associated with early postpartum hemorrhage were pre-eclampsia, labor abnormalities and general anesthesia.

Considering the results obtained, women with preeclampsia or labor abnormalities or receiving general anesthesia, were at higher risk of early severe hemorrhage after cesarean section. Thus, the hospital should be well- equipped in dealing with such high- risk patients.

Diabetes millitus is one of the most common disorders that its complications involved every organ such as skin. Some of skin Conditions can be regarded as cutaneous markers of diabetes while others are related to its characteristic complications such as vascular disorders or peripheral neuropathy. Early diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders can prevent other serious complications such as diabetic foot.

Thus, with the aim of detecting the prevalence of cutaneous manifestations of DM, we examined 351 diabetic patients that consecutively attending the outpatient diabetes clinic at the Razi hospital in Rasht in 2000–1, on the basis of complete dermatological examination in a analytic descriptive convenience non-probability sampling study. We made use of paraclinic examinations in suspicious cases. We studied the relation of cutaneous manifestations to type of DM, age, sex and diabetes duration. Analysis was performed by Chi–square and t test.

Diabetic skin manifestations were detected in 70.1% diabetic patients. Majority of patients with skin lesions were older than 45 years (65%). Our study showed significant difference between involvement by skin lesions and duration of DM (p=0.001) and sex (male>female) (p=0.01). This study did not show significant difference between involvement by skin lesions and age, and type of DM. Infection (28.6%) was the most common finding followed by skin tag (25.8%), pruritus (23.8%), pallid and cool skin on distal extremities (19.4%) and diabetic dermopathy (13.6%). Among skin infections, the most common were fungal infections (24%).

Thus, in this study skin lesions were common in DM patients and the most frequent cutaneous manifestations were infections (especially fungal infections). For these reasons, education and special attention to medical staff and patients and searching practical approach to early diagnosis and treatment of skin lesions seem to be necessary.

Skin cancers are the abnormal uncontrolled prolifration of skin . These are also the most common cancers of the human body . The most common types are Basal Cell Carcinoma (B.C.C), Squamos Cell Carcinoma (S.C.C) and Malignant Melanoma (M.M). In this study we reviewed the data of all registered skin tumors in all clinichopathological Labs (6 private and 2 supervised by Guilan university) during 1991-1998. Total number of registered tumors was 1126. The most common were B.C.C (717 cases), S.C.C (315 cases) and MM (37 cases). B.C.C and S.C.C were more common in men than women (399/195 and 318 / 120 cases respectively) but MM was more in women. The most common malignant skin tumors were in 60-69 years age group and the most common location of tumors were head and face.

Depression is a common disorder and WHO has ranked fourth on the list of the most urgent health problems worldwide. Severity of disability resulted from depression is comparable with 8 major chronic disorders. The impact of depressive disorders on poor outcome of coronary artery disease appears equal or exceed than other well-known cardiovascular risk factors Our purpose was to ascertain prevalence of depressive disorders in post MI patients because of the important practical implication. This study was cross-sectional and included 234 post MI patients who were admitted since 20/2/2001 to 21/5/2001 in Heshmat Hospital in Rasht. Patients were requested to fill a questionnaire, if patient's score was more than 10, types of depression were evaluated with DSM-IV clinically. With consideration of other factors such as sex, age, occupation, residence, educational and marital status data were analysed with spss software and chi2 test . From 234 patients who filled this questionnaire, 137 (56.5%) were male and 97(41.5%) were female, 123(52.6%) had one type of depressive disorders that major depression was the most common (n=51,21.8%), followed by, dysrhythmia, minor depression and recurrent brief depressive disorder, respectively. Also, sex,age, residence and marital status were not significantly related to depression, but there was relation between occupation and educational status with depression (p< 0.05 ). We found that depression was common in post MI patients and require to be diagnosed and managed as soon as possible.