فهرست مطالب عبدالرضا دغاغله

All laws and regulations in Iran are approved following the rules of the holy Sharia of Islam, Knowing the mental image of consumers of the halal brand helps to understand their behaviour and facilitates activities in the halal market for companies and businesses.

This was applied-fundamental research and a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted in 1399 by randomized cluster sampling on the population of Iran, with actual results that can be used and generalized immediately after the study.

The source of information about halal food according to the most answers (45.8%) were related to hearing from others and others. There is a significant relationship between the level of awareness and gender (P = 0.046) and the men studied have a higher level of awareness than women volunteers. There is a significant relationship between the level of awareness and having a food-related job (P = 0.006) and People with food-related jobs studied have a higher level of awareness than people with non-food-related jobs. There is also a significant relationship between the level of education with having a food-related education (P = 0.001) and having a halal-related education (P = 0.017). And people with food-related education and solvent-related education have a higher level of awareness than other people. There is a positive and direct correlation between performance and knowledge and attitude (P = 0.021 and P = 0.029, respectively), so that with increasing awareness and attitude; We are seeing an increase in performance.

Awareness of the level of knowledge, outlook and practice of the people of the country can be the basis for conducting other studies and actions in the field of legislation, compiling educational materials, holding training courses and re-educating related to halal food. Since the results of such a study will be used in halal business and food industry nationally and internationally.

A number of experimental studies have reported that the absence of scales in some scaleless fish species causes toxins to absorb faster in the fish body including the skin, muscles and other organs, possibly leading to potential considerable impacts on the consumers. Although numerous researchers studied heavy metal pollution in aquatics, in vitro comparison of heavy metals uptake in the scaled fish, common carp, with the scaleless striped catfish, and also the role of scale coverage in heavy metals absorption are absent. First, lethal concentration (96 h LC50) was determined for each species. Then the fish were exposed to sub lethal concentrations (10% of LC50 values) of Pb at triplicate treatments for 15 days. The examined tissues from each species were sampled at day 15 of the experiment. Following chemical digestion, each tissue was analyzed by atomic absorption unit (Model Thermo) to measure heavy metal concentration. Final contents of Pb in the catfish's tissues were 1.63 times those in the carp’s (excluding the scales). The catfish's muscle amassed 14.6 times Pb than that of the carp. Lead residual in carp’s aquaria was much higher than that in the catfish’s signifying comparably lower metal absorption by carp’s tissues. The experimental results indicate much lesser lead accumulation in carp's muscle due to its scaly skin compared to scaleless skin of catfish. Hence, the scaled body provides an effective protective layer against environmental chemical contaminants, which can justify the consumption of scaly fishes with presumably rather safer muscle.