فهرست مطالب عبدالرضا نواح

Today, entrepreneurship goes beyond the realm of business and is also meaningful in the social, political, cultural, moral, and other fields. Social entrepreneurship involves creating economic and social value in an innovative way. The aim of this study is to investigate and explore social entrepreneurship models using meta synthesis method. Thus, after referring to the sites “Google Scholar” and “Scopus” in the period 2000 to 2022, among the many scientific articles, 35 suitable articles were identified. The validity of the proposed concepts, the hybrid outputs, and the concepts generated by the Delphi panel technique have been categorized and validated by a group of elites. In order to analyze the concepts, dimensions and influential components, the content analysis method has been used. Findings indicate the development of social entrepreneurship dimensions in the form of five general categories: “multilevel innovation”, “social value creation”, “ecology and design of social business model”, “definition of the role of social entrepreneur” and “employment and income generation”.

From Qajar until now, the conflict between tradition and modernity became an insoluble equation for the country. The Fardidiyeh movement has a Heideggerian approach and its prominence is a radical opposition to modernity. The purpose of this work is to know why the Faridiyeh movement opposes modernity. Using the method of discourse analysis, the investigation showed: In the discourse of modernity, material ontology and the rationality of the subsistence mentality were opposed to the existential ontology and the rationality of the resurrectionist. In modernity, the central sign of humanism and signs such as scientism, technology, capitalism, individualism, freedom, liberalism, Protestantism, human rights, secularism and democracy found meaning with it. The central signifier of Fardidiyeh's discourse was the conscious and obligated human heart. Signs of sacred science, denial of technology (manifestation of human soul authority), denial of capitalism (manifestation of human selfishness), denial of secularism (loss of the concept of God and deification of man), Quranic wisdom, freedom of soul, Islamic human rights and God's rule, were detailed. And made a difference. In the political theory of modernity, the demand for maximum welfare and freedom for man, but the Fardidiyeh trend denied any tolerance and tolerance towards the subject itself, the foundation.

Today, one of the main indicators of success in any organization is organizational commitment. Organizational commitment is an effective factor in the organizational behavior of employees and the efficiency of organizations. The present study was conducted with the aim of sociologically investigating the effect of alienation from work on organizational commitment among the technical affairs employees of the National Company of Southern Oil Regions in 2014. In the theoretical dimension, Parsons' systemic theory was used to achieve the research goals. The research was conducted using a survey method and using a questionnaire tool. The statistical population of this research was 1277 employees of the technical affairs of the National Company of Southern Oil Regions. The statistical population of this research was all the employees of the technical affairs of the Southern Oil Regions Company, whose number was 1277, and it was carried out in 2014. The results of the research showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between alienation from work and organizational commitment (r=0.188 and sig=0.001). In addition, there is a significant relationship between demographic variables including age, marital position, employment position and organizational position with organizational commitment. But there is no significant relationship between gender variables and organizational commitment.

Intorduction: 

Nowadays, the issue of employment of the physically disabled as one of the basic needs of this group is explored in the context of social entrepreneurship knowledge. The aim of this study is to develop a paradigm model of applying the social entrepreneurship approach in the field of employment of the physically disabled in Khuzestan.

The research method is a qualitative method based on the grounded theory approach data were collected using semi-structured and in-depth interviews with 12 social business professionals and experts. In data analysis, 15 main categories have been extracted around the central category.  Also, in the axial coding stage, The central category of research category "Differentiation and underdevelopment of social entrepreneurship of the disabled" was extracted based on the main categories of the research.

In the paradigm model of research, participation of the disabled as a social entrepreneur, high motivation to work among the disabled and the need to review the world of the disabled have emerged as causal conditions for social entrepreneurship. The educability and the existence of the idea of social entrepreneurship related to the disabled are conceptualized as the contextual conditions of social entrepreneurship for the disabled. Categories such as differentiation, instrumental view of employment of the disabled, disproportionate expertise and responsibility in managerial appointments, lack of job preparation, lack of legal, institutional and financial support are limitations and conditions involved in the development of social entrepreneurship. Workplace adaptation, mental imagery, and planning and policy-making are the main categories of act/interact (strategies) in the paradigm model.

Discussin:

 According to the research findings, social entrepreneurship is a process that in the first stage, by recognizing and defining disability as a physical weakness ,takes into account the level of individual abilities, skills and communication of people with disabilities. In the second stage, by studying and understanding the needs of the society, it will lead to starting a business based on exploitation, innovation and creativity for the disabled and sometimes by themselves. The end result of social entrepreneurship is the entry, participation and role of people with disabilities in the cycle of sustainable development.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the knowledge and life experience of elites and managers of Ahvaz city from the definition, concept and dimensions of urban management. To achieve this goal, 14 elites and managers of the province were studied by phenomenological method and in-depth interview technique. According to the results, the social phenomenon of Ahwaz urban management is organized in the central themes of the meaning of urban management, accountability and interaction with people, professional ethics, knowledge sharing, committed behavior and tasks of urban management. According to the participants, in some cases, the actions taken in the field of urban management in Ahvaz are not based on the principles of management science and do not have enough depth. Emphasis on the law poses various challenges. The vacancy of symbols related to subcultures is felt in the city and also the interaction of urban management with citizens is not at a proper level.

Today, in addition to their traditional role in accessing books, and providing a place for reading and other recreational and recreational purposes, public libraries are considered as spaces of society that also have important social roles and functions. This research was conducted with the aim of identifying and ranking cultural factors affecting the role of Iran's public libraries as community centers, and in order to provide a conceptual model in this field, based on Jürgen Habermas' theory of the public sphere.

This research is applied in terms of its purpose; In terms of data collection, survey; And in terms of the nature of the data, it is a mixed research of an exploratory type, which was carried out with a systematic approach of database theorizing. In the qualitative part, effective factors were identified by conducting 33 interviews and 2 focus groups (each group has 4 people and a total of 8 people). The validity of these factors was confirmed by using the content validity ratio (CVR) index, and their reliability was confirmed through the Fleiss' kappa coefficient test. In the quantitative part, the reliability of the tool was confirmed using a questionnaire consisting of 16 items and with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.91. Finally, factors were ranked by Shannon's entropy method.

The findings showed that three cultural factors, including local discourse, the arena of understanding and cultural diffusion, are effective in playing the role of public libraries as community centers. Meanwhile, the field of understanding is considered the most important factor and cultural diffusion has the least effect in this field. All factors had content validity higher than 0.33 and Kappa coefficient higher than 0.7, so all of them have the necessary validity and reliability. Finally, the conceptual model of the research was designed and drawn in six sections.

Jürgen Habermas' theory of the public sphere is one of the sociological theories, which is close to the goals and mission of public libraries. On the other hand, the culture factor is a fundamental factor for playing the role of public libraries as community centers. In this regard, many people may still think that public libraries are a place only for reading, but a review of the various actions and activities of public libraries shows that these places carry out various activities that advance the cultural development of societies. In this way, public libraries play a prominent role in carrying out cultural activities. In order to fulfill its role as a community center, public libraries need to promote the native discourse of the society, be a safe arena for free discussion and understanding of different sections of the society, and spread culture in local communities.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the social determinants of responsible environmental behavior of citizens with emphasis on independent variables of environmental knowledge, environmental attitudes and spatial attachment. The research method was survey and the statistical sample included 382 citizens aged 15 to 65 years in the city of Shush who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The research data collection tool was a questionnaire. The descriptive findings of the study showed that the average level of responsible environmental behaviors of the citizens of Shush was moderate (59.88). The results of path analysis showed that the variables of sense of spatial belonging (0.194), environmental awareness (0.456), environmental attitude (0.225) have a direct impact on responsible environmental behavior. According to the research findings, the variable of sense of place belonging through environmental attitude had 0.176% indirect effect on the research problem. Overall, the variables included in the model could explain 0.35% of the changes in responsible environmental behavior. Comparison of beta coefficients showed that the effect of total environmental awareness (0.476) was greater than the other variables included in the model on the research problem.

The study of new epidemics requires a structural and genealogical interpretation to analyze the background of its occurrence. The purpose of the current research is to understand the lived experience of activists from the perceived obstacles and benefits in the prevention of corona disease in Khuzestan province.

For this purpose, in the form of a qualitative design, 24 citizens were selected by purposive sampling and studied using in-depth semi-structured interviews, and finally, the data obtained from them were analyzed using the Clayzy method. Was analyzed.

The analysis of the participants' experiences led to 8 main themes, including a mythological view of the disease, ritualism, the role of local activists, lack of social belonging, finding a solution for the lost identity, the weakness of the media as a powerful mediator, lack of the supervision of officials is a lack of power instead of capability.

According to the findings, the role of structure-agency is important in adopting preventive behavior against the corona virus.

Iran is a multi-ethnic country and this has made paying attention to ethnic issues always one of the concerns of policy-makers and officials. Paying attention to the issue of race and ethnicity can be considered in different frameworks. Some experts see ethnic diversity as a threat and some see it as an opportunity and hence, the convergence of ethnic groups. Iran is a country that includes many ethnic groups with very different sub-cultures. On the one hand, it has created a very rich cultural context and on the other hand, it has created disputes and conflicts among different ethnic groups in some cases. Integration is effective in providing national unity and ethnic integration can be strengthened by policy. Considering that a large population of Ahvaz City consists of the two ethnic groups of Arabs and Bakhtiaris and that no independent research has been done to investigate inter-ethnic integration in this city so far, it was necessary to conduct a research and investigate this issue among the mentioned groups living in this city. The present study was carried out to investigate the factors affecting inter-ethnic integration in the city of Ahvaz. In this research, the variables of cultural capital, legalism, sense of social belonging, social trust, ethnocentrism, and the amount of using mass media were used as the independent variables. Then, the following question was raised: To what extent could these variables have an effect on inter-ethnic convergence in Ahvaz City?

This research was based on a survey method and the data collection tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population included people over 16 years of age from both Bakhtiari and Arab tribes living in Ahvaz City. The sample size was determined to be 384 people based on the Cochran formula. A standard questionnaire was used to collect the data. The structural equation modeling was utilized for confirming the validity and reliability of the research variables. The results of the measurement model showed that the indicators had favorable levels of validity and reliability. 

The findings of this study indicated the significant effects of the research variables on the level of inter-ethnic convergence among the respondents. According to the results, the influences of the variables of cultural capital, legalism, amount of using mass media, social trust, sense of social belonging, and ethnocentrism had the values of 0.327, 0.312, 0.256, 0.185, 0.114, and -0.187, respectively. According to these significant figures, it could be concluded that the research hypotheses were confirmed in the structural model. Therefore, the effects of the mentioned variables on the inter-ethnic integration stated by the respondents were corroborated. The results of the structural equation modeling also revealed the effects of the variables of cultural capital, legalism, amount of using mass media, social trust, sense of social belonging, and ethnocentrism on the variable of inter-ethnic convergence, respectively. In addition, the research variables were able to explain 44.2% of changes in the variable of inter-ethnic convergence.Finally, the results of the research demonstrated that the level of this convergence could be enhanced by increasing the levels of social trust, sense of social belonging, cultural capital, tendency towards legalism, and amount of using mass media and decreasing the level of ethnocentrism among the respondents.

The aim of this study is to achieve a conceptual model for the transformation of Iranian public libraries into social centers, based on the theory of the public sphere of Jürgen Habermas.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose, survey in terms of the data collection method, and is a mixed-method study of exploratory type in terms of the nature of the data, which was conducted with a systematic approach to grounded theory. In the qualitative section, first, by conducting 33 interviews and 2 focus groups, effective factors were identified and extracted. The validity of these factors was proved through the content validity ratio (CVR) and their reliability was also proved by the Fleissʼ kappa coefficient test. In the quantitative part, the reliability of the tool was confirmed using a 117-item questionnaire with an average of 0.86. Finally, the factors were ranked using the Shannon entropy method.

The seven factors of human resources, construction and equipment, social, political, structural, cultural and economic have an effect on the transformation of public libraries into social centers, among which the cultural factor has the greatest effect and economic factor has the smallest effect. All factors had a content validity greater than 0/33 and a kappa coefficient greater than 0/7, and thus had the necessary validity and reliability. The conceptual model of the research was also drawn in six sections.

Originality/value:

 The public sphere theory is one of the famous theories of sociology. Although the standards in this theory are related to public libraries, it has received less attention in Iran. Public libraries can connect the government and with the nation through the components of the public sphere, and while informing people about government and governance decisions, those decisions can be challenged and decisions can be made in the public profitability. In this case, library is one of the factors responsible for the growth and prosperity of society. It also becomes a factor promoting general welfare in the society and establishing peace and tranquility.

Peter L. Berger (1929–2017) was one of the most influential sociologists of the last sixty years. In the sociology of religion, his publications are among the key works of the discipline. This paper is a “positive critique” of three aspects of Berger’s theoretical work in the sociology of religion: (1) an inconsistent application of the idea of social construction, (2) a lack of focus on power and ideology, and (3) an insufficient operationalization of language as a vehicle of world-construction. Augmenting Berger’s field-defining work with insights from contemporary theories of ideology and discourse, the article provides an outline for a critical constructionist approach to the sociology of religion.Peter L. Berger (1929–2017) was one of the most influential sociologists of the last sixty years. In the sociology of religion, his publications are among the key works of the discipline. This paper is a “positive critique” of three aspects of Berger’s theoretical work in the sociology of religion: (1) an inconsistent application of the idea of social construction, (2) a lack of focus on power and ideology, and (3) an insufficient operationalization of language as a vehicle of world-construction.

Nowadays with the growing media coverage and all aspects of life, one can see their impact on the most sensitive issues, such as fertility. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of media consumption on the fertility behavior of women aged 15-49 years old in Ahvaz. To achieve the appropriate theoretical framework, demographic transition, modernization, and Caldwell and Giddens theorie were employed. 

Methods and Data: 

The sampling method was the proportional stratified randomized method and the sample size was based on Morgan's table with 0.05 error, and 384 people. The data gathering method was survey using questionnaire tool. 

The findings of this study indicate that there is a reverse relationship between the consumption of foreign media and the use of new information technologies and the relationship with the fertility behavior variable. There is no significant relationship between internal media consumption and fertility behavior. 

The results of multiple regression coefficient indicate that the variable of consumption of new information and communication technologies and external media consumption explain 13% of changes in variance of fertility behavior. 

Key Message: 

The findings of this study show that new information and communication technologies in the first place and foreign media in the second place have an impact on fertility.

In the present research, the collective identities of Arab youth including their national and ethnic identities are examined. A total of 29232 persons who are 18 to 30 years old and reside in Dashte-Azadegan city make up the statistical population for this study. A statistical sample of 379 persons was chosen using simple cluster and random sampling according to Cochran's method. Surveys and a quantitative approach were employed as the study methodology in this investigation. A questionnaire was used to gather data, and SPSS software was used to perform multivariate regression analysis and Pearson correlation tests on the acquired data. The findings demonstrate that factors such as decision-making processes, governmental legitimacy, the usage of new media, social contacts, and perceptive discrimination are all directly and favorably associated to a group's sense of identity (national identity and ethnic identity). Additionally, according to the computed coefficient of determination, the model's variable accounts for around %45.8 of the variation in collective identity. The study also found that ethnic identification is more important to young Arabs in Dashte- Azadegan City than national identity.

The Fardidiyeh current in Iran after the revolution are the inheritors of the Heideggerian tradition, which centered on Seyyed Ahmad Fardidid, created the word westernization and challenged modernity. The study showed that in the discourse of modernity, material ontology was opposed to existential ontology and the productive intellect of the subsistence thinker in the presence of the resurrection intellect. Humanism symbolized modernity and other symbols such as scientism, technology, capitalism, individualism, freedom, liberalism, Protestantism, human rights, secularism, and democracy. The central signifier of Fardidiyeh's discourse was the conscious and obligated human heart. Signs of sacred science, denial of technology (manifestation of human soul authority), denial of capitalism (manifestation of human selfishness), denial of secularism (loss of the concept of God and deification of man), Quranic wisdom, freedom of soul, Islamic human rights and God's rule, were detailed. And made a difference. The political theory of modernity calls for maximum welfare and freedom for human beings, but the Fardid movement denies any tolerance and tolerance towards its subject, the human foundation.

The background of this research is the basic and unique role of information organizations in the sustainability of social life of communities in the form of hidden functions of these organizations. The main function of intelligence agencies is to discover new questions and convey the processed meaning of information to politicians, in other words, there is always an expectation from intelligence agencies to regulate politicians' cognitive processes and be a good cognitive tool in the hands of policy makers to see right around. But intelligence agencies are one of the few organizations that exert influence in various areas of the social action system.The purpose of this study is to identify the functions of intelligence organizations in various areas of social action systems in order to clarify the social and at the same time fundamental and important functions of these organizations.In terms of methodology, this research is of documentary and library type. The required information is referred to books related to intelligence organizations, published research articles, as well as printed texts from the personal reflections of prominent experts in the social action system, collection and descriptive results. An analysis is presented.The findings of this study show that intelligence organizations, unlike other organizations whose function is limited to limited and specific areas; They have a wide range of hidden functions in other areas, especially economic subsystems, political subsystems, social custom subsystems and belief subsystems. They play a prominent role in the system of social action.

Social inequality has been considered by social scientists from the past to the present time. There are several factors that cause formation and spread of inequalities in societies. In the present study, the effects of social capital and quality of educational services on the feeling of inequality among secondary school students were investigated. Feeling of inequality is closely related to deprivation. In this case, it can be said that a gap would be created between people's expectations (feeling of what they should have) and their perceptions (what they have alresdy received) if facilities and resources are distributed unequally in a society. This would ultimately create a feeling of social inequality. In explaining the impact of social capital on the feeling of social inequality, we can say that membership in a family, group, or organization through kinship, friendship, and trust gives individuals an access to facilities and resources. This process creates a feeling of inequality and deprivation in people, who have been deprived of these relationships. In this way, social capital creates a feeling of social inequality. Numerous studies have been conducted on the factors affecting this feeling. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of social capital and quality of educational services on the feeling of social inequality among high school students in Izeh City. In line with the research objectives, two general questions were raised: 1) What state of inequality has been created among the male and female high school students in Izeh city? 2) Is there a significant relationship between social capital and quality of educational services and the feeling of social inequality among the students?  

This research was based on a survey method and the statistical population included all secondary school students (6345 students) in Izeh City in the academic year of 2019-2020. From among them, 362 students were chosen by using a stratified random sampling method. A questionnaire was employed to collect the data. In this regard, the variables of inequality and social capital were respectively examined in the 4 dimensions of feelings of economic, political, gender, and educational inequalities and 3 dimensions of structure, communication, and cognition (Nahapiet and Goshal questionnaire), along with the quality of educational services (model SERVQUAL), at the 5 levels of physical, trust, accountability, guarantee, and empathy. According to the measurement level of the research variables, Pearson correlation test was utilized to analyze the data by using SPSS16 software. Also, to measure the validity of the conceptual model and test the hypotheses, the method of structural equations and factor analysis were applied together with the Linear Structural Relations (LISREL) tool. The results obtained from the data analysis through Pearson correlation test, structural equations, and factor analysis confirmed the two mentioned hypotheses, as well as the effects of social capital and quality of educational services on the feeling of social inequality. 

The aim of this study was to investigate the feeling of social inequality among the mentioned secondary school students. Using Bourdieu's theory of social reproduction, it could be said that the students' access to educational resources and facilities through relationship and acquaintance had led to the deprivation of other people and this process had created a feeling of social inequality among the students. Deming believes that when there is a gap between a customer's expectations and his/her perceptions, a feeling of dissatisfaction is formed in him/her. Accordingly, it can be noted that unequal distribution of educational facilities leads to a gap between students' expectations and their perceptions and the continuation of this process creates and expands a sense of social inequality. The results obtained from the data analysis corroborated the research hypotheses and overlapping of the research achievements with the mentioned theories (Bourdieu, Deming) and the past research (Jaston Baugh, 2017; Barglowski, 2018; Linglin, 2020).

Karl Mannheim is a Hungarian-German sociologist and one of the leading figures in the sociology of knowledge during thirty decades of the twentieth century thirty centuries and at the same time with the rise of the National Socialist Party. He sees democracy not only as a political phenomenon but also as a prelude to the spread of democratic culture, as well as a consequence of a kind of social turmoil resulting from the displacement of classes and civic values replacing the traditional values of the bourgeois aristocracy. In this work, Mannheim tries to describe the process of transformation in sociological but abstract language. In general, it can be said that Mannheim, by focusing on the discussion of culture, has tried to show what factors hinder the realization of democracy in societies in transition and finally has offered solutions in this regard.

In recent months, on a global scale, the Kuwaiti pandemic has threatened the ontological security of social actors in various fields. This has caused anxiety and stress in various groups, especially women. The main purpose of this study is to describe the fat lived experiences of women in Khuzestan province from coronary heart disease with a phenomenological approach. To achieve this goal, the thematic analysis method was used. Data were collected from women in Khuzestan province. A total of 22 people were interviewed and selected by purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. In this study, after extracting important sentences and words from the text of the interviews, 278 initial codes were extracted which were categorized into 10 main themes according to the purpose and question of the research to obtain a picture of women's lived experience.The results of this study show that the lived experience of women with coronary heart disease in three types of social, occupational, family and psychological are as follows: stigma or hot stigma, social distancing, coronary phobia, fear of death, unexpressed grief, lack of Perception of risk at the occupational level, the quality of social support at the family level, feelings of loneliness, anxiety and separation, and at the psychological level, psychological capital erosion and feelings of depression.  Analyzing the findings, the Coronavirus has not threatened all aspects of human social and cultural life, making the world a more unjust place.

The present study is review of effect one ofe the most key of social sciences concepts as social capital on meaningful life within employee of fajr petrochemical company in 1399. With due attention to statistical society of this study that were 574 number through Cochran formula 230 nuumber with classification sampling method as statistical sampling was selected. Data of this study through written questionnaire (195 number) and electronic questionnaire (35 number) was selected. Theorical frame of study was used from theories of victor frankl, Irvin yalom, john cottingham, and for explainaton some meaningful relations within variables from structural gap theory, pierre Bourdieu and Putnam was used. For analyzeing of information through T-test, variance analyze, correlation and multivariable regression and with SPSS software (version 24) was done. Result of this study showed that three components of inner group of social capital with meaningful life have significant correlation and intensity of this correlation consequently is middle, weak and weak. Two components extra group of social capital with meaningful life didn’t observe any significant correlation. Analyzes of multivariable regression with step by step and backward methods was display that weigh of variable of participation and social cooperation, various links and various life style is negligible and from regression is omitted. Finally in total 12 percent of variance of dependent variable with 2 variable social trust and attachment and empathy are explained.

This study examines one of the factors leading to the transformation of public libraries into a social center. It explores how public libraries could become a place for frequent and daily visit for citizens to interact, receive information, and develop knowledge.

The literature of social functions of public libraries and the literature of Public Sphere as proposed by Jürgen Habermas was reviewed. To ensure thoroughness of the review, citation chain technique was used, i.e. each relevant items retrieved was also checked for its citations. If the cited item was not found in databases, it was searched by title and the author name.

Public Sphere perspective in libraries can be realized in a way that legitimizes social issues and affairs. A public sphere framework can  demonstrate their values and socio-political status. They can offer three areas of discourse, namely, governance and management, legitimation, and commons in the public sphere, as such to establish a two-way communication between the library and the community. The public sphere perspective in libraries can focus on how to manage and establish the legitimacy of public libraries through socially equitable means. A public sphere framework may provide an effective way to express the political and social value of public libraries. Public libraries can offer three areas of public discourse. The three areas connect the library to their community.  Review showed that research in the area could be divided into two thematic categories. The first one examine how libraries function as public sphere infrastructure, the other one examines public libraries. If we expect the library to continue to maintain an actual community, and to attract the community in the time of pervasiveness of social media, it must develop the ability to penetrate the heart of people's lives. As a necessary component for their survival.

Before public libraries become part of the public sphere, research should be conducted to develop a single model.  An operational model is needed then for navigating to proceed. To turn the library to a place for daily use and a place for citizens to meet each other and communicate.

Landslide, stagnation and personal recession. That is, the person does not teach and does not expand his competencies. Two concepts that are commonly used to describe the success or failure of faculty members during paths and professional development. The aim of this study was to compare the anecdotal model in three universities and between the two basic sciences and the humanities in the potential of feldspar job.

This study was conducted in 1397 in Tehran, Ahvaz and Yasuj, with a sample of 518 successful faculty members (professional growth; recruited from an apprenticeship with an assistant

According to Friedmanchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s charts and scientific tests, sociopolitical insecurity, university-level insecurity, content-structural flattening, and academic resilience and infrastructure facilities in three universities and between the two basic sciences and human sciences, are factors influencing occupational plateauxis. is.

Although the outbreak of corona disease initially had positive environmental consequences, over time, the dramatic increase in corona disease became a serious threat to the environment. Accordingly, using a qualitative grounded theory approach, the present study has analyzed the environmental behavior in the face of corona waste (residues) among the residents of the city of Boroujerd who were over 18 years of age. The sample consisted of 26 people who were purposefully selected. The method of data collection was in-depth interview. During the three stages of coding the text of the interviews, the paradigm model of Grounded Theory was finally extracted. Also, in order to validate the research, the method of "members' credibility" and to measure the reliability, the method of "internal agreement" has been used. The results showed that the two factors "prevention mechanisms" and "treatment mechanisms" have caused the phenomenon of "coronal waste generation" and after its occurrence, actors’ "environmental behavior" was manifested in one of the following types: 1) environment Friendly (responsible), 2) un-environmentalist (careless) and 3) anti-environmental (vandalistic). The prevailing contexts were: 1) demographic characteristics of the individual, 2) health-care-treatment infrastructure, 3) educational infrastructure, 4) corona disease prevalence rate. Intervening conditions were: 1) personality traits of the individual (environmental commitment and sensitivity), 2) social characteristics of the individual (environmental orientations and attitudes), 3) socialization (Environmental knowledge and awareness), 4) Culturalization (environmental norms and values), 5) Government policies (Environmental trust and belonging). Finally, the environmental behavior of actors has two consequences: 1) positive: environmental purification and 2) negative: environmental pollution

Public policy as a set of institutional activities that have a direct or indirect impact on the lives of citizens, and the decisions and policies made by various public sector authorities on the issue of the city and human settlements such as parliament, government and judiciary. Which are representative of the protection of the public interest of society, is adopted. The policy-making process is process-based. By combining governance and public policy, we see high participation, easy and fast detection of urban problems and quick alternatives in the process. With the process of participation and participatory governance, we will see the realization of public policy in society. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present the components of proper urban governance in the metropolitan area of Ahvaz. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and survey in terms of nature. The statistical population of this study includes urban management experts in Ahvaz. The instrument used in the research was a questionnaire and 50 people were randomly assigned. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between the studied components at 95% confidence level. The variables of synergy, effectiveness and efficiency, participatory and institutional capacity and arrangements in comparison with other variables play an effective role in governing the metropolitan area of Ahvaz.

The study is to investigate the relationship between the social support and religiosity with mental health. It is a case study on students who are studying in Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in academic year 2016 which according to statistics, they were 13314. The method is a survey one and a questionnaire was used to collect the data. To select the size of sample the Cochran formula was used, by which 373 people were selected through a stratified sampling. The theoretical framework was developed using scholars' views such as Durkheim, Sarafynv, Berkman and Sim. In this research the Goldberg's Mental Health Model GHQ-28 was used as a practical definition. The findings showed that religiosity in two dimensions of belief, ritual and social support in three dimensions of emotional, means and informational has a significant correlation with mental health dimensions. In turn, there will be  adverse effects  and a heavily  economic  burden imposed on government  if the foundations of  mental health are not strengthen and there may be a negative  social and mental  impact on prospective  human  resources