عرفان ایوبی

Information therapy is one of the new methods of providing health-related information to patients. This method plays an important role in empowering patients to make informed health decisions and participate in the recovery process. In this regard, the present study was conducted to explain the understanding of elderly people with type 2 diabetes regarding information therapy related to self-care.

This study was carried out qualitatively using the content analysis method on 18 patients with type 2 diabetes referred to some specialized diabetes centers in Hamadan City in 2024. Participants were selected based on purposeful sampling method and content saturation with maximum diversity based on gender, education level, marital status, employment status, and duration of diabetes among patients eligible for the study. A semi-structured, in-depth personal interview method was used for data collection. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and then analyzed using MAXQDA 2020 software.

After data analysis, three categories and thirteen subcategories were extracted in relation to the theme of diabetes control and management. The obtained categories included promoting self-care behaviors, increasing individuals' motivation to perform self-care behaviors, and accessing information therapy communication channels. Subcategories included paying attention to physical, psychological, social, and spiritual self-care; boosting awareness; improving attitude; controlling disease and its complications; reducing costs and making better decisions; and interpersonal media, traditional media, digital media, and social networks.

According to the results, it seems that information therapy is one of the methods of increasing individuals' motivation to perform self-care behaviors and promoting self-care behaviors. Ultimately, it may assist elderly patients in controlling and managing type 2 diabetes.

Various causal pathways play a role in the occurrence of depression in healthcare workers. This study aimed to assess the effect of perceived stress and insomnia on depression in healthcare workers using path analysis in Hamadan, Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, healthcare workers from Shahid Beheshti and Sina hospitals in Hamedan in 2023 were recruited. Perceived stress with two subscales of perceived helplessness and perceived self-efficacy, as well as insomnia and depression, were investigated using validated questionnaires. The path analysis was applied to assess the association.

In total, 235 healthcare workers (35.7% nurses) were included. Gender, age, monthly working hours, and number of night shifts per month had a significant impact on depression (P<0.05). Path analysis demonstrated that except for the effect of perceived self-efficacy on insomnia, all standardized regression weights for relationships were statistically significant (P<0.05). The effect size of perceived helplessness on depression was the strongest compared to other relationships (standardized regression weight = 0.40). The direct effect of perceived helplessness and perceived self-efficacy on depression or insomnia as a mediator had a good fit to the data.

As evidenced by the obtained results, with the implementation of intervention and preventive programs to reduce stress and improve sleep, the occurrence of depression in healthcare workers is expected to decrease significantly.

Pregnant women are susceptible to sleep disorders due to physiological and hormonal changes. Various demographic, socioeconomic and pregnancy-related factors affect the prevalence of disorders. Knowledge on prevalence of insomnia and related factors in Zahedan is lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of insomnia and its related factors in pregnant women.

This study was a cross sectional design in Zahedan, Iran during August 2021 and February 2022. Healthy pregnant women referred to urban comprehensive health centers were recruited. Through a researcher-made checklist, demographic, socioeconomic status (SES) and pregnancy-related features were measured. Insomnia was evaluated using Sleep Condition Indicator (SCI) screening tool. Linear regression analysis was used to analyze the data. The significance level of the statistical tests was considered as P <0.05.

A total, 240 pregnant women (26.30± 6.24 years old) were included. The prevalence rate of insomnia was 47%. Falling asleep and waking up during the night for >30 min were 56.3% and 72.0%, respectively. Daytime functioning impairment had a prevalence rate of 57.5%. Multivariable analysis showed that insomnia disorder is more common in women from the middle (β =6.22, P-value=0.002) and second richest economic status (4.26, 0.04), with a weight of more than 75 kg (4.55, 0.04) and in the third trimester of pregnancy (3.39, 0.01).

Insomnia symptoms are prevalent among pregnant women in Zahedan.  Pregnant women from the middle and second richest economic status, those who are overweight, and in the third trimester should be the target of intervention and educational programs to reduce and manage sleep disorders.

There is a strong association between ABO blood groups and increased susceptibility to certain diseases including cardiovascular events, viral and bacterial infections, colorectal cancer, intracranial aneurysms and thromboembolic diseases. The present study was performed aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal blood groups and adverse pregnancy complications.

In this cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) and retrospective study, the file of 400 pregnant women referred to the maternity hospital of Ali Ebn Abi Taleb Hospital of Zahedan from 2017 to 2019 were included. The variables of this study were ABO blood groups, preeclampsia, eclampsia, placental abruption, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm labor and intrauterine growth restriction. The data collection tool included an information form in which the required information was entered. Data were analyzed by SPSS (version 22) and chi-square test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Out of a total of 400 pregnant women with a mean age of 33.09±7.53 years, 153 (38.3%) had blood type O, 116 (29%) B, 97 (24.3%) A and 34 (8.5%) AB. The relationship between ABO blood groups and preeclampsia (p = 0.848), placental abruption (p = 0.833), preterm birth (p = 0.705) and intrauterine growth restriction (p = 0.214) was not statistically significant, but gestational diabetes (p=0.049) and eclampsia (p=0.039) had a significant relationship with blood groups.

There was no significant difference between preeclampsia, placental abruption, preterm labor and intrauterine growth restriction with ABO blood groups, but there was a significant difference between eclampsia and gestational diabetes with ABO blood groups.

Patients with heart failure experience some outcomes such as poor self-management, poor adherence to treatment and low quality of life. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of self-management based discharge planning on treatment adherence in patients with heart failure.

Methods & Materials: 

In this quasi-experimental research, 80 patients with heart failure hospitalized in teaching hospitals in Zahedan in 2019-2020, were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly allocated into either intervention or control groups. The self-management-based discharge plan consisted of four educational sessions in hospital for the intervention group. In order to follow up, the first call was made 2-3 days after discharge. Then, the patients or their family caregivers were contacted weekly in the first month and twice a month in the second and third month. Data were collected by the treatment adherence questionnaire and were analyzed using independent sample t-test, Fisher exact test, Chi-square and repeated measures ANOVA by the SPSS software version 16.

The two-way repeated measures analysis of variance showed a significant difference in the mean scores of treatment adherence over time (P<0.001) and in the intervention and control groups (P<0.001).

According to the findings, it is recommended that self-management-based discharge plan be employed in an integrated manner for patients with heart failure in medical wards.

One of the most important subjects in the study of suicide is the methods of suicide. There is not accurate information relating to employed poisoning methods for suicide in Iran. Studies conducted in different provinces provided different results. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of poisoning methods used in attempted suicides in Iran.

Domestic scientific databases, PubMed, Science direct/ISI and Scopus searched without any time limitation. Searching was updated by March 20, 2012. Initially, 1398 articles were retrieved. After review of titles, 34 studies included for review of full text. Finally, 19 articles entered in meta-analysis. Random effects model of Mantel-Haenzel employed for estimation of pooled prevalence. Meta-regression and Subgroup analyses were employed to assess the cause of heterogeneity among the selected studies.

This meta-analysis included 8494 males and 13503 females. Heterogeneity measure for drug poisoning and agricultural poisoning was 99.3% and 98.1%, respectively. The prevalence of drug poisoning was 75% (CI 95%: 68 to 82%) and the prevalence of agricultural poisoning was 13% (CI 95%: 10 to 16%). The lowest prevalence of drug poisoning and agricultural poisoning was in Ilam and Khorasan Razavi provinces and highest in Golestan and Ilam provinces, respectively.

Drug poisoning was the most prevalent method for suicide. Therefore, training for no storage of drugs at home and impose more strict instructions for medications prescription are recommended