عزت الله میرزایی

The purpose of writing this article was to investigate the relationship between cultural globalization and marriage spaces, relying on the mediating role of modern identity.

The type of research was descriptive and the method was survey. The total sample consisted of 271 students of Al-Zahra University (S) who were married between 1398 and 1401, and this number was able to respond to the question of cultural globalization and modern identity. The collected data were analyzed and interpreted using SPSS and AMOS software and Pearson, regression and Sobel correlation tests.

In terms of influencing the dimensions of the dependent variable (spouse selection spaces), the highest rate was related to the relationship between individualism and the unsupervised spousal selection space (0.77); This means that the higher the level of individualism, the higher the number of unsupervised marriages and vice versa. The lowest level of correlation was also seen between the variables of using Iranian music and the atmosphere of passive surveillance in choosing a spouse (0.16). Also, relying on the Sobel test, it was determined that the value of this statistic in all variables is greater than ±1.96, and this means that the variable of modern identity has played a significant role as a mediator in the relationship between cultural globalization and spouse selection spaces.

Considering that the social behavior is being internalized from the moment of birth to the time of death, in order to improve the performance of people in the matter of choosing a spouse, the trustees of Sadr al-Ashara should be in the direction of identity formation and strengthening of traditional identity formation resources and also form a resistant identity in the face of identity. try to be modern and globalized. Also, the supervision of parents, along with the conscious choice of children, can be effective in the performance of choosing a spouse.

The present study aims to review the opinions of experts on the Iranian society's mentality towards recreational spaces. This is a qualitative research based on contextual theorizing, for which, 17 professors and experts in the field pf social sciences (cooperative trends and social welfare, social planning and cultural policymaking) from Tehran, Allameh Tabatabai and Kharazmi universities were interviewed and the data were analyzed using MAXQDA software. The findings indicated the existence of two central propositions about the government's welfare schemes in recreational spaces: 1) Entertainment spaces are not neutral, level, accessible and simple. 2) Iranian society wants entertainment spaces that either uncontrollable or less controllable by the government. Also, the results showed that recreational spaces can change from the environmental to entertainment purpose and shape good liesure times to the subjects that require important criticisms of values and norms from civil disobedience and misbehavior. Therefore, it is suggested to adopt strategies such as creating purposeful entertainment in public spaces, investing and taking care of spaces related to people and increasing its quality, reproducing meaning in the official media as the most accessible entertainment spaces, increasing festivals and religious carnivals, making them accessible to everyone, such as with connecting streets, and creating a platform for the needy sections of the society. With these, it is possible to strengthen the recreational spaces in the Iranian society and prevent them from becoming models of disobedience or civil disobedience.

In the Islamic Republic, a unique variant of public opinion is observed, distinct from traditional models. While existing outside the realm of power relations, this form of public opinion lacks the connection to civil society commonly found in other contexts. Instead, it is defined by a collection of shared beliefs, attitudes, and viewpoints that are shaped independently of power dynamics, thus forming a unique, isolated public opinion within the Islamic Republic's sociopolitical landscape. The precarious state of civil society in Iran has led to it becoming a negligible factor in social and political equations and relations. Public opinion in Iran, rather than taking shape through the lens of civil society and aligning with government policies and decisions, functions as a force that is manipulated by adversaries and used as a tool to apply pressure against the Islamic Republic’s authority.Currently, the media plays a substantial role in influencing and steering public opinion. Many scholars and researchers in fields such as sociology, communication sciences, psychology, and others have posited that the media has the ability to shape its perceptions and interpretations of events to align with its preconceived biases. Consequently, media outlets often select data and scrutinize social phenomena based on these biases, and the information provided may not always accurately reflect reality but can be tainted with cultural, political, and social values and norms.Research question(s):The present research aimed at understanding the necessity of implementing social policies to manage and control Iranian public opinion. In the first stage, the study focused on identifying factors that contribute to the pessimistic outlook and confused mentality among Iranians. Subsequently, in the second stage, the research sought to analyze the meaningful relationships between causes and effects, with the objective of providing strategies in the domain of social policy. In accordance with these objectives, the research aimed to answer the following questions:What are the platforms that influence Iranian public opinion?What are the characteristics of Iranian public opinion?What strategies and tactics are implemented in the arena of managing and controlling Iranian public opinion?What capacities and constructive ideas can potentially impact Iranian public opinion?Literature Review:Given the profound and far-reaching changes and transformations experienced by human societies, the role of media, virtual space, and social networks in shaping such transformations is significant. Numerous thinkers have substantiated this assertion, as they argue that in the current era, the media serves as the primary force shaping public thoughts and minds. Disregard towards this phenomenon is considered impractical.Castells, for instance, posits that all identities are constructed, but the critical question at hand is how, from what sources, by whom, and for what purposes. Gerbner and his associates in the "cultivation theory" have attempted to address the impact of mass media, particularly television, on shaping public opinions and thoughts. Hall and J. Holley (2005) introduced the theory of "representation," which posits that in the contemporary context, mass media's audio-visual presentations have the most profound impact on shaping public culture, thoughts, and perceptions. According to this theory, mass media serve as instruments for representing the world to their audiences.The media, according to the theoretical framework of framing, does not solely function as a mirror that reflects events and the realities of the social and political world. Instead, they play a more active role in shaping social and political realities. Through their news reporting, the media influence how people perceive and understand the world around them, essentially constructing those realities. McCombs and Reynolds (2009) propose the theory of "highlighting," asserting that in the context of modern times, the media wield significant influence as a powerful factor. According to this theory, media communications and platforms play a pivotal role in the discursive processes of highlighting and marginalization. Moreover, the media are regarded as a foundational power factor in a global system that is constantly undergoing change.

This study is a descriptive-analytical research project conducted in accordance with the qualitative methodological approach, grounded in contextual theorization. It utilizes semi-structured interviews as the primary data collection technique and employs purposeful theoretical sampling to identify participants who can provide insights related to the research questions. Theoretical saturation was achieved after conducting interviews with 16 academics and experts in the fields of social sciences and communication sciences from various universities in Tehran (Tehran, Tarbiat Modares, and Khwarazmi). The interviewees comprised 13 men and 3 women, with ages ranging from 42 to 70 years.

Based on analysis conducted using MAXQDA software, 52 distinct concepts were identified during the initial open coding stage. These were subsequently grouped into 15 core categories during the axial coding phase. These categories can be further organized into three broader forms: platforms that shape the state of Iranian public opinion, characteristics of Iranian public opinion, and strategies and tactics employed in policy-making and public opinion management.The influence of the following platforms on Iranian public opinion is evident: a general sentiment of disappointment, a prevailing negativity, diminishing trust in official media spaces, and a decrease in their overall favorability.Several characteristics are evident in such a thought process: there is an increase in the tendency towards activism and direct action, a heightened influence of public opinion on government decision-making, a growing dissatisfaction and expression of demands shaped by virtual spaces and social media platforms, a stronger focus on political issues and concerns for security among the populace, and an increasing interest in adopting global values and norms, along with a strong influence wielded by unofficial media sources in opposition to civil society and official media channels. There is also a desire to form new social movements, particularly through acts of civil disobedience and other forms of influence. As a means of controlling public opinion, the researcher emphasized looking towards weaker and less developed neighboring countries as a cautionary tale. To manipulate public opinion in line with policy objectives, the researcher proposed strategies and tactics such as cover action, coordinated action (shaping aligned narratives), and media action. These tactics are aimed at influencing public opinion to align with policy goals and public opinion management.

In this study, the primary objectives were twofold: to gain a deeper understanding of the factors that contribute to the pessimistic outlook and confusing mindset of Iranians, and to examine the meaningful relationships between causes and effects by introducing social policy measures. It is worth noting that despite the numerous and persistent crises faced since the establishment of the Islamic Republic system, Iranian society has consistently demonstrated resilience and cooperation with the system. However, challenges and threats have emerged within society, creating wounds and uncertainties.It appears that factors such as a decrease in public trust (regarding structures, authorities, organizations, and institutions), heightened frustration and pessimism about the possibility of large-scale reform, the continued proliferation of negative news, and an escalating growth in demands that are difficult to meet in the short term are exacerbating the situation.Class divisions, continuous revelations against leaders and executive officials, an increase in the propensity for protests and a trend towards violence in these protests, the growth of political polarization, the focus of satellite and social media networks in directing public opinion, the establishment of an identity of resistance through cultural and social focus, a changing lifestyle and a rise in family breakdowns, a focus on celebrities and decreasing significance of former reference groups, and heightened external pressures have contributed to a sense of abandonment in Iran's public opinion, resulting in negative representations. When considering the nature and context of Iranian society in terms of its social, political, economic, and cultural aspects, it may be beneficial to categorize the primary and significant strategies for shaping Iranian public opinion in a positive, constructive, and hopeful direction into the following three broad categories:Several techniques have been utilized to shape public opinion: representation, framing, highlighting, and planting, which are based on the extensive use of virtual spaces and social networks. Moreover, strategies such as forming a think tank, analyzing positive narratives, and employing media actions were identified as potentially effective approaches in the realm of policymaking and public opinion management within the Iranian context. In response to the influence of the information and satellite space, public opinion might be steered in a different direction compared to that preferred by the government. It is worth noting that it is challenging to quickly overcome the enemy's soft and cognitive warfare, as this influence leverages the vast reach of virtual spaces, social networks, and satellite channels. The enemy not only seeks to impose a new lifestyle among Iranians but also employs various tactics and imagery to direct public opinion towards confrontational and oppositional stances against the government.

the present research was written with the aim of achieving the relationship and relationship between the two categories of socio-economic development and social inequality in the provinces of Iran; Because the ratio of justice (= lack of inequality) and development has always been a challenging issue. While the early development economists considered any kind of orientation towards justice to be harmful to the economic system and assumed the increasing internal inequality as an inevitable result of Islamic development, but with the passage of time, it became clear that fair conditions are among the most important variables of favorable economic performance; In such a way that almost all reproductive factors of underdevelopment are rooted in neglecting the issue of social justice and unjustified inequalities.

In terms of the type of study, the current research is an explanatory research that has used a quantitative comparative method within the country in the position of testing the claim or confronting the theoretical hypotheses with the facts that they imply. In the current research, the unit of analysis and observation (province/year) and the level of analysis (Iran) with a longitudinal research design for the period 1368 to 1398 is considered.

The results and findings of this research have indicated that a significant negative linear relationship with relatively moderate intensity (beta: -0.324/sig: 0.000) has been seen between the two categories of socio-economic development and social inequality.

Based on the final findings of this research, it can be said that there is a kind of correspondence with Chalabi's theoretical point of view (a negative linear relationship between the two categories of socio-economic development and social inequality) and also the results of the current research with the theoretical points of view of Kuznets and Rafipour in It has been a contradiction.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the experience of cultural globalization (based on the three indicators of using foreign music, using foreign media, and individualism) and consuming western clothing.

The type of research was descriptive and the method was survey. The statistical population included all female undergraduate students of Shiraz University in the academic year of 2022-23, of which 384 of them who responded came from colleges of economics, management, social sciences, literature and humanities who were selected trhough random multi-stage cluster sampling.

Based on data analysis, it can be said that there is a positive and significant relationship between the use of foreign music and the consumption of western media (B=0.459), and between the use of foreign media and the consumption of western media. There is a positive and significant relationship with medium intensity (B=0.563); and finally, there was a positive and significant relationship between individualism and consumption of western clothing with relatively high intensity (B=0.667). In addition, the results showed that the three variables of using foreign music, using foreign media, and individualism (as indicators of cultural globalization) were able to explain and predict about 52% of the changes related to the dependent variable (consumption of western clothing).

Based on the findings, it is suggested that the cultural policy makers, while taking the necessary measures to promote the media literacy of the youth, should make some kind of contextual adjustment in the direction of using satellite networks, in relation to the representation of the interests and tastes of the young generation in the programs of the domestic networks. To prevent the influence of culturally heterogeneous elements, the necessary investment should be applied in the direction of good music productions according to the taste of young people. Finally, in the field of Islamic-Iranian clothes, a variety of new and diverse designs according to the taste of women should be considered.

The public mentality regarding the level of corruption in Iran is expanding and there is a clear difference between people's perception and what is happening in the society, the current research was qualitative approach based on data-oriented theorizing and by using the in-depth interview technique with 15 general managers of the inspection and supervision of the country's executive bodies. 13 men and 2 women) were interviewed. The sampling method was purposeful and based on theoretical saturation. The text of the interviews was coded using MAXQDA10 qualitative data analysis software and the results of open and central coding led to the identification of 99 concepts and 19 central categories, which is influenced by causal conditions (numerous disclosures; lack of circulation of elites; lack of rule of law; media, satellite and social networks) and in addition to intervening conditions (activist, structure) and background conditions (gender, socio-economic base) affect the construction of the mentality of corruption and political instability in society, which results in provoking public anger towards injustice and the spread of rent; lack of society's cooperation with the government; turning the supporters of the Islamic Republic into protestors; Frustration of the police department due to the corruption of some officials; spread of civil disorder in administrative spaces; the demand for authoritarianism and its historical revision; Believability of the society towards the concept of blockage and change; Institutional mistrust in the government structure has led to the spread of corruption, which has jeopardized the country's political stability.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of cultural globalization in mate selection spaces.

The research method was descriptive using survey and the participants included 1197 married girls under the auspices of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Tehran from 2016 to 2017, which were included by census, online and through the social network. The research tools included the Mirzaei (1400) Questionnaire on Cultural Globalization, and Mate Spaces. Research data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 using, and Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression was utilized.

The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between different components of cultural globalization (media consumption, music consumption, clothing consumption, and individualism) and age with mate selection spaces (p<01.0). Stepwise regression analysis also showed that cultural globalization was a strong predictor for predicting mate selection spaces (R2=56%).

According to the present results, cultural globalization causes a change in the mate selection spaces and the actors' relations with space, and leads the act of marriage selection to marriages without intervention or with passive intervention of families and in spaces of control. Therefore, in addition to the possibility of choosing a spouse by young people, this process should be done in an environment with parental supervision and the possibility of evaluating and recognizing people in different dimensions.

Urban resiliency used for ability of urban system in temporal and spatial scale for protection and fast return to past desirable operation against disruption(water crisis)toward sustainability with change. Moreover decrease of aquifer level and use overdose with attention to raining decrease and becoming increasingly population facing human with crisis that need attention to urban resiliency idea against water shortage As the result in this research the goals survey Tehran urban resiliency in water shortage in the direction home expenditure and to drink and also water pollution with Nitrate .In this research after explanatory and define concepts related to urban resiliency and the formation environment crisis in cities and especially in water crisis and then explain crisis situation in Tehran city and with use of question nary between people and research literature survey situation of Tehran resiliency against water crisis .The result show that Tehran citizenship from viewpoint of knowledge to indexes of join and social cooperation ,institutional knowledge and accessibly data is in middle .