عزت نوری زاده

Despite the recognition of the parasite responsible for leishmaniasis in the world, unfortunately this disease is still considered as an endemic disease in many countries of the world and is spreading even with the predictions made. This trend is also observed in Iran. Considering this importance, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis of Kalaazar disease, which is the visceral type of leishmaniasis.

Leishmania infantum promastigote forms were prepared in a special culture medium and then BALB/c mice were immunized with these forms. The mouse with the best response was selected and its spleen cells were merged with myeloma SP2/o cells. After the formation of hybridoma cells, specific antibody-producing cells were prepared as single clones.

In this study, five clones 3E6 FIII3, 3E6 FIII4, 2C4 FII5, 2C4 FII3, and 2C4 FII2 were obtained. Among them, 3E6 FIII4, 2C4 FII5 and 2C4 FII2 monoclones which had the highest ODs were selected for investigation.

Although these antibodies are not able to distinguish between different species of Leishmania parasite, but it seems that they can be used to further investigate Leishmania parasite antigens and also to diagnose Leishmaniasis.

Hypoglycaemic effects of Galega officinalis and  silver nanoparticles are established. In the present study, the effects of silver nanoparticles synthetized by Galega officinalis extract were investigated on gene expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and serum levels of liver enzymes in diabetes type 2.

In the present study 20 male Wistar rats in 4 group(n= 5 in each group) weighing 180- 200 gr were used. Control or nikotinamid and stroptozotosin induced diabetic rats receieved intraperitoneal injection of saline or 2/5mg/Kg silver nanoparticles synthetized by Galega officinalis extract or chemichal method for 14 days respectively. One day after the last injections, serum samples and adipose tissue were collected. Mean serum concentration of glucose, urea, creatinine, alanine amino transferase(ALT), and aspartate amino transferase(AST) were determined by spectrophotometry. Mean relative gene expression of TNF-α and IL-6 were determined by method of real time PCR.

Mean serum levels of ALT and AST enzymes, glucose, urea significantly decreased in diabetic rats receiving chemichal or green silver naoparticles compared to diabetic group. Mean relative gene expression of TNF-α and IL-6 significantly decreased in diabetic rats receiving chemichal or green silver naoparticles compared to diabetic ones.

Both chemical and green synthetized silver nanoparticles may prevent hepatocyes damages and they may improve insulin resistance in diabetes type 2 partly via decresing pro- inflammatory factors.

Leishmania (L.) infantum is the etiologic cause of visceral leishmaniasis in Iran. Efficient vaccines and diagnosis methods are required to control leishmaniasis. The aim of this study is produce and optimize monoclonal antibodies against promastigotes forms of L. infantum antigen.

The mice were vaccinated with the L. infantum antigen and their antibody titers were determined by the ELISA method. Spleen cells of the most immune mouse were fused with SP2/0 in the presence of Poly Ethylene Glycol.The effect of supernatant of SP2/0 and mice peritoneum macrophage cells culture (SSMCC) on hybridoma cell proliferation was studied.

Among the 12 fusion, a total of 26 monoclonal were positive.12 of which had acceptable optical absorbance in OD 450 nm. Finally, 4 clones, designated as 8D2 FVI6, 8D2 FVI3, 6G2 FV4 and 6G2 FV3. From these hybrids, anti-promastigotes L. infantum monoclonal antibodies were obtained. SSMCC was shown to play a key role in hybridoma proliferation and of mAb production. It seemed that SSMCC is rich of growth factors.

It seems in the near future, this SCCSM can be used as a growth factor for cancerous and non-cancerous cells in research centers at a wider level.

Leishmaniasis is a disease in tropical regions, that includes a wide range of clinical protests, from skin lesions to fatal visceral infections. A2 gene is accounted as one of the most reliable genetic factors cause visceral form. This gene is a single copy without functional expression in the species causing skin form of the disease such as L. major and L. tropica. The aim of our study is to evaluate A2 gene sequence in the strains that cause skin form of disease and compare it with other   exception strains of the Leishmania tropica strains in Iran.

Leishmania species were detected using ITS1 and ITS2. The parasites were injected into BALB/c mice and monitored of footpad inflammation in BALB/c mice. after a certain period of time the mice were killed and their visceral organs were examined for the presence of parasites.  Finally, A2 gene sequence analyzed.

A2 gene in a strain causing visceral form was different to a gel electrophoresis pattern of skin form causing strains. Also, the gel electrophoresis pattern of A2 gene in strains causing skin form was different to previous reports of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

The results of this recent experiment showed that the gel electrophoresis pattern of A2 gene in especial strains causing viseral form was similar to previous reports of visceral leishmaniasis. It seems that this gene may play an important role in the visceral ability of specific strains of Leishmania tropica.

Today, parenteral products occupy a particular place in the treatment of diseases and human health. Consequently, the presence of any microbial contamination in the water used in the drug production process may have adverse effects on the health of individuals and society. Since parenteral sera are in direct contact with the human body and blood, they must be free from pyrogens. The purpose of this study was to evaluate WFI water quality in the pharmaceuticals industry by LAL test methods and TOC test and rabbit pyrogen test with different dilutions of E. coli.

In the present study, the sensitivity and specificity of LOL, TOC, and rabbit pyrogen tests with different dilutions of E. coli were evaluated to assess the water quality of WFI in the pharmaceuticals industry. LAL kits, EMB, TOC set, Spectrometer, Colony counter and Rabbits and… wad used in this study

None of the diluted solutions of E. coli were appropriate for medicinal water. The LAL test also gave more accurate results than the rabbit test, although it still appears that the LAL test is not entirely accurate.

The results showed that all methods have advantages and disadvantages compared to one another, but the use of the TOC device in the thinnest samples demonstrates more acceptable results.