فهرست مطالب علی بنیادی نایینی

The present article is a systematic review of the growth of technological catch-up literature using advanced bibliometric techniques and a database derived from a collection of major studies based on a WOS search. The 5626 obtained documents were analyzed using both co-occurrence and co-citation criteria. The results show that the problem of technological catch-up appeared in the academic literature in the 1960s but only reached a considerable volume in the 1980s. It grew and expanded in the 1990s. At the beginning of its formation in the 1980s, there were two completely independent routes: macroeconomic growth and technological capabilities in developing countries, which became interconnected in the 1990s. In the following decade, firm-level studies developed with an emphasis on organizational capabilities, paving the way for extensive studies in the 2010s that examined the internationalization of later-stage companies. Thus, studies from macro-level economics with an emphasis on economic growth have clearly shifted to industry-level studies with an emphasis on internationalization and technological advancement. In this context, four intellectual clusters—economic growth, innovation systems, knowledge management, and industrial dynamics—are interacting. The main areas conducting research on technological catch-up are economics, business, and management. Technological catch-up can also be considered an interdisciplinary field involving other disciplines such as regional studies, environmental studies, operational research, and social sciences. The key terms associated with this field include innovation, research and development, and productivity.

In this research, the factors affecting the internationalization of knowledge-based enterprises in traditional as well as early pathways have been studied to present a model that gains its dynamics both from receiving feedback on factors and from the diversity of the conditions governing the international business environment. In this regard, we considered the knowledge-based enterprises active in Iran's herbal medicine industry that are classified as small and medium enterprises. In the beginning, 14 main factors affecting the internationalization of companies are determined. Then, using the fuzzy cognitive map technique, the relations and neural concepts governing the factors affecting the internationalization of the studied companies are evaluated for two different situations related to before and after the international sanctions in Iran, and finally, the dynamic model of internationalization for knowledge-based enterprises is proposed using the definition of internationalization including the three dimensions of time, scope and scale, also the value of importance and variation of internationalization factors in two aforesaid situations. The data analysis shows that the application of the existing approaches in the internationalization literature of companies, which are often presented in a non-dynamic way, is not effective for knowledge-based companies alone, and requires an integrated approach, taking into account the feedback of the concepts that are compatible with the current conditions of business.

The rapid changes in the business environment have demanded innovation as an urgent need to survive in global markets. To implement innovation, organizations largely depend on their employees’ ability, commitment and beliefs toward innovation. Therefore, human resources and the emergence of innovative behaviours that are considered complex individual behaviours have a key role in the realization and promotion of innovative policies of organizations. To clarify innovative work behaviour, various factors have been discussed in the literature, among which, cognitive learning style is a factor in differentiating people in their way of thinking and learning. Employing the exploration research method analysis, this study investigates the relationship between learning style and innovative behavior in a conceptual and researcher-made model by considering the moderating variables of age, education and organizational position. The data included 950 valid questionnaires. While applying SPSS V27 and Minitab-V20 tools, linear regression analysis was used to assess the validation of hypotheses. The results show that there is no relationship between divergent styles and the emergence of innovative behaviour. Also, the convergent style is associated with the exploration and championing as well as not affecting the implementation of the idea. Also, the assimilating style has a strong relationship with the championing of the idea. Besides, among the moderating variables, the organizational position factor only affects the implementation of the idea, and age and education also affect the exploration and championing of the idea. According to the literature review, the relationship between learning style and innovative work behaviour is very rare in studies related to organizational innovation, so this research can be useful to enrich studies around this concept and its application in promoting organizational innovation.

The current research was conducted to investigate open-access articles written by Iranian researchers. This study examines the amount of scientific impact (citation indices) and social impact (altmetrics indices) of Iranian open-access scientific outputs. The results of this research can provide information about the effectiveness of open-access scientific publications to managers and policymakers in the field of science and technology so that, while being aware of the current situation, they can make the necessary decisions and policies to improve the quality of scientific outputs.

The present research is a descriptive study that has been conducted using scientometrics and altmetrics indicators. The research population comprised of 119168 scientific outputs published by Iranian researchers in open-access journals and indexed by the Web of Science. Data were collected using two products of Clarivate Analytics, namely Web of Science and InCites. Also, the Altmetrics Explorer, a service provided by Altmetric Institute was used for altmetric data collection. Finally, SPSS software was used to perform the correlation test, and because the values of the variables were not normal (the significance of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, p0.01), Spearman's correlation test was used (significance level 0.01). Other research data were analyzed using Excel software (descriptive statistics).

Open-access articles by Iranian researchers grew by 99.9% and the largest number of open-access articles by Iranian researchers have been published in journals with the gold open-access model. Islamic Azad University, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, and Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences had the highest number of articles in open-access journals. Also, the largest number of articles by Iranian researchers have been published in medicine general internal journals (9342), chemistry multidisciplinary (6409), pharmacology pharmacy (5714), and mathematics (5235). The least number of open-access articles have been published in the subject areas of music (1), folklore (1), film, radio, and television (1).While the study of the received citations and the citation rate of the open access outputs of Iranian researchers indicated that the articles published in quality journals are of higher citation, about %40.05 of scientific output has been published in journals without quartile, %15.98 in Q4, %15.5in Q2, %14.34 in Q3, and % 14.11in Q1 journals.The findings showed that Iranian open-access scientific productions have been mentioned a total of 1,364,087 times in different media. The highest amount of attention and mention happened on Twitter (194,463), news (18,483), and Facebook (10,670). The results of correlation tests revealed statistically significant, positive, and poor relationships between the number of citations, altmetric score, mentions on Twitter, mentions on Facebook, and Mendeley readers.

Medical sciences universities of the country have contributed more to the publication of open-access scientific outputs, among the top 20 universities in the country in terms of the number of articles, the names of 10 medical sciences universities are visible. One of the reasons for this is the very important role of open access to medical articles and findings in increasing public awareness and health. With the publication of open access, the speed of access to the latest research and awareness of diseases will increase, and it will increase the level of health, and longevity in all countries of the world.On the other hand, the publication of a significant part of scientific outputs in Non-JCR indexed journals is very worth considering. Most of these journals are indexed in the Emerging Sources Citation Index. Gold open-access journals often receive very high fees for publishing articles, it is highly necessary to plan to inform researchers about the quality of these journals.

The study of business transformation trends in current organizations, especially in knowledge-based ones, indicates new trends in the business environment in which innovation is considered the main factor of advancement, power, and competitiveness. Meanwhile, the human capital of organizations, which is one of their intangible values, plays a key role in realizing and promoting innovation. With regards to employees of organizations as the initiators of the innovation process, the implementation of innovative policies in organizations seems to depend largely on their employees’ characteristics. Meanwhile, cognitive styles are proven to be the cause of differentiation in individuals. Since innovation is the result of having problem-solving insights in individuals, taking individual perspectives among the various factors affecting organizational innovation, this study is aimed to recognize and investigate the relationship between the employees’ decision-making style and their innovative work behavior.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK:

Innovative work behavior is the intentional behavior of employees to create, introduce, and implement new ideas to reach shared organizational benefits. This behavior is a multidimensional construct at the individual level consisting of exploring, producing, supporting, and implementing an idea by employees. Among potential affecting factors, cognitive decision-making styles are of most important ones that affect employees’ innovative behaviors. Few studies in this field examined individual factors like employees' characteristics as a basis for innovative work behavior. Cognitive styles are made up of employees' physical and psychological characteristics that determine their individual and organizational behaviors. Studies indicate that styles for performing complex tasks such as problem-solving, decision-making, learning, and causal explanations of life events are compatible with changing work routines. Kirton's adaptive-innovative style is comprised of three dimensions of originality, efficiency, and rule governance, based on which employees analyze and solve the problems considering the two ends of adaptation and innovation. Originality shows employees' creativity in problem-solving; efficiency refers to accuracy, reliability, and discipline; rule governance deals with respect for regulations and legal authorities.

Employing a quantitative research method and a researcher-made conceptual model, the relationships between innovative work behavior and its components (exploration, generation, advocation, and implementation of ideas) with cognitive decision-making style and its components (originality, efficiency, and rule governance) were examined. Also, the moderating effects of age, gender, and organizational position were analyzed. The needed data was gathered by distributing questionnaires among 950 employees working in 12 different departments of a knowledge-based IT firm. Linear regression analysis was conducted in SPSS v.27 and Minitab v.20 software to test the research hypotheses.

All the components of the decision-making style did not affect the innovative work behavior. In fact, decision-making style was only a good predictor for two components of innovative work behavior, including exploration and generation of ideas. Research results also indicated that the variables of age, gender, and organizational position moderate the relationship between decision-making style and innovative work behavior. In addition, pieces of evidence were found for the association of originality with idea generation and efficiency with idea implementation. It was also determined that, among various components of decision-making style, rule governance has a strong relationship with the advocation and implementation of ideas.

CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS:

The relationship between decision-making style and innovative work behavior has been rarely studied. This study would thereby enrich the literature by extending the current knowledge because suggested that having decision-making insights play a significant role in the emergence of innovative behavior. Given the strong relationship between rule governance and advocating and implementing ideas, it is concluded that both the organizational and individual factors have an important role in accomplishing innovativeness in organizations. Therefore, future researchers are recommended to consider individual and organizational factors simultaneously to better percept organizational innovation.

Co-citation analysis as a powerful tool is used in order to find the evolution of conceptual linkages between two important streams of the literature: Innovation Systems (IS) and Global Value Chains (GVC) since 1990s. Their initial connection was the importance of industrial clusters both in improving innovation and in their role in the GVC. The literature evolved to consider the role of tacit knowledge as well as global factors in enhancing the performance of industrial clusters. While the first points to the importance of geographical agglomeration, the second emphasizes the benefits from becoming global. The emergence of Technological Innovation Systems (TIS) paved the way for new conceptual linkages by considering sustainable development as a main target as well as the importance of space in technological development and the role of technology in geographical diversification. Recent trends are rooted in new insights from evolutionary economics as well as catching-up that calls for more structured interactions in the future.

Decision making is one of the most important aspects of each person's individual and social life. Understanding consumer decision-making is an important issue for various groups such as policymakers, managers, producers and marketers. The present age is the period of growth and development of cognitive and behavioral sciences. At present, explaining consumer behavior with the approach of cognitive and behavioral sciences has a large amount of information that it is important to conduct combined research that systematically and scientifically presents the information extract to researchers. The aim of this study was to enumerate the components affecting decision-making based on cognitive and behavioral sciences. The present study is a descriptive research and in terms of purpose is a basic research. This research has analyzed 130 numbers of researches conducted between 1959 and 2021 by using the meta-synthesis method and using Maxqda 2020 software and Excel software. The statistical population included all valid domestic and foreign researches available in the databases available to the researcher. The final analysis of the data has led to the inference of a related set of concepts, categories and subcategories. The result of this research included 3 themes and 16 effective categories in decision making that formed the elements of the model. The most frequent components influencing consumer decision, consumer goals in decision making, types of consumer behavior and types of consumer decision models are also explained in the results section. This research has innovations in method and content in the field of consumer behavior

PPI is an innovation policy that industrialized countries have studied since the early twenty-first century because to the large contribution of government purchases to their national economies. Despite its attraction, this demand-side innovation policy has failed to capture the attention of emerging and less developed countries, owing to their demands and circumstances being distinct from those of developed ones. One of these conditions is insufficient supplier capability. This review paper examined 1) the theoretical underpinnings of supplier capability development and public procurement of innovation, 2) the body of existing research, and 3) conducted an introductory scientometric analysis of these two literatures. The findings indicated that both fields are burdened by a small number of publications that are largely unrelated to one another. Developed countries have viewed this topic as a secondary goal of PPI policy, which develops organically during this policy - most likely because suppliers' capability building is not their primary objective in comparison to the growth of innovation. Developing countries, on the other hand, require purposeful targeting of this objective in order to leverage public procurement.

Technology development, especially in petroleum industries, is one of the most important ways of economic development in oil-rich countries. However, despite such challenges as structural economic problems, the issue of moral hazards, and the conflict of interests, government policies are crucial. This study analyzed the long-term behavior of the government and the private sector as two main actors using the evolutionary game theory and solved their strategies by replicator dynamic equations. Finally, based on a real-world case in Iran, a numerical study was performed to better understand the characteristics of the game model under realistic conditions. The outputs indicate that the main approach of the government, with minimal incentive mechanisms, should be legal monitoring. Sensitivity analyses on some key parameters show that the important factor in project implementation is attention to the private sector’s revenues and expenditures, and the government’s revenues and expenditures have little effect on the outputs and behavior change.

The aim of this study was to investigate the level of attention paid to the scientific outputs of researchers focusing on the Coronavirus and family viruses on social media.

The present research is a descriptive study that has been conducted using scientometric and altmetrics indicators. The research population includes 968 scientific outputs, which have been written by Iranian researchers in different years about COVID 19 or its family viruses.

38% of scientific outputs have been considered 3322 times in social media, 206 times in news and blogs, 39 times in policy and patents, 12 times in other sources, and three times in scientific sources. The average Altmetric scores of Iranian articles published on the Coronavirus are 9.6, and the most attention to these articles shared via Twitter. Also, no correlation was found between the Altmetric score of papers and the number of citations.

Articles on coronary artery disease using stem cells, Iranians fighting Covid 19 despite sanctions, how people function when they get Covid 19, and the effect of Covid 19 on stroke in patients which has been noticed by doctors and researchers and even the public in recent months, has had the most presence on social networks.

Managers, in addition to providing their organization's interests and rights,  They should consider the welfare, comfort, needs and interests of the people of community as a moral issue.In the other hand, decisions and management behaviors should not lead to damage, damage or harm to society and its people. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of obtaining international certificates on the risk of financial crisis and the performance of Tehran Stock Exchange's affiliated companies with an emphasis on the role of political communication. On the one hand, according to the innovation of this research in Iran, there has been no research on the financial analysis of obtaining international certificates of companies. For this purpose, 1155 observations of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange for a period of ten years were examined. In order to analyze the data, a significant test was used in multiple regression software using Eviews Software. The results of this study showed that there is a relationship between obtaining international certification of the company and stock returns in which the relationship with the company's corporate managers is changing, but obtaining an international certificate for the corporate financial crisis does not contain information content.

In recent years the attitude toward interdisciplinary fields is accelerated. But there is q need to focus on the obstacles ahead these studies and species. The aim of this study is evaluation of the challenges and obstacles that are facing with the interdisciplinary studies. In this study the effects and ranking of factors is studied with use of gray DEMATEL method as a systematic method. Nine classes gathered as the basic factors. besides, a systematic model presented about the factors action by an Effecting and effected factors. In the current paper it is shown that organizational, social-cultural and scientific and academic factors have the greatest impact on the system of challenges. Finally, in the conclusions section, there are some recommendations to reduce the impact the challenges which presented that showed policy making and more regard is very vital in this area.

The need to rely on knowledge-based economics and the strong link between research centers, universities, and industries are not hidden from anyone today. Research centers and universities in Iran are mainly the origins of the development of a wide range of advanced technologies But unfortunately, these technologies are rarely commercialized. On the other hand, in many industries, mature technologies or out-of-class technologies are generally used for production, which leads to reduced productivity and competitiveness. Technology spillover from research institutions to industries can cover this imbalance. In this regard supporting the transfer of advanced technologies like space technologies to other industry sectors can be very impactful in the country's development, Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the transfer and development of space technology in Iran. In this research, the factors affecting the transfer and development of space technology are identified using literature and interviews with experts; and then Interpretive structural modeling (ISM). The results of this study show that the factors of "inter-organizational communication", "lack of structure", "technology death valley", "knowledge management", "knowledge-base of technologies", "lack of information spread", "interdisciplinary view", " "Defense-related capabilities" and "brain drain" have the most guidance and influence amongst the other factors.

Increasing demand for energy, pollution from fossil energy consumption and global warming are the key factors that have made optimal energy management necessary. The advent of information technology has led to the emergence of a new paradigm called the Internet of Energy (IOE). IOE is a new concept that provides the tools needed for optimal energy management. IOE has expanded dramatically with the advent of the Internet of Things (IOTs). So that the Internet of Energy moves towards energy management by integrating the features of smart grids and the Internet of Things. The present study is an applied research that aimed at conceptualizing of the Internet of Energy. In order to achieve the research objectives, a series of indicators of IOE were identified according to the previous studies and interviews with experts. The pattern of causal relations of these indices has been identified by the FUZZY DEMATEL technique. Then, these factors have been analyzed by Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) technique, and finally, the relationship and sequence of the indices have been obtained. Among the indicators, existence of powerful internet servers in the country, equipping consumable equipment with internet and online monitoring of each person’s energy consumption are at the first level of the research model and the most basic variables in applying the concept of IOE. All of these elements ultimately depend on the availability of financial resources and the determination to apply IOE at the macro level. The insight that this model provides to the energy management at the macro level can be helpful in strategic planning for energy production, conversion, transmission, distribution and consumption in the country.

This research aims to investigate the presence of research outputs in the field of neuromarketing in social media.Research

The current study is a descriptive study that has been done using scientometric and altmetric indicators. The research population includes 482 research articles, review, editorial material, letters to editor and book chapters that have been published in the field of neuromarketing during different years, and indexed in the Web of Science. Research data were extracted from the Web of Science and Altmetric Explorer databases and then analyzed using Excel and SPSS software.

The highest rate of mentions to scientific research in the field of neuromarketing occurred on Twitter, patents, and Facebook, and the average altmetric score of these publication was 7.35. Also, these publications have been marked and read 23204 times in Mendeley. In addition, the results of running a series of correlation tests revealed statistically significant and positive associations among the number of citations, number of mentions on Twitter, Facebook, and the number of the reader in Mendeley. In other words, the most cited outputs on Twitter, Facebook, and Mendeley have also been more present and mentions.

Altmetrics indicators can be used along with traditional citation indicators to study the effectiveness of research outputs in the field of neuromarketing. Therefore, the familiarity of researchers in this field with alternative metrics and the importance of social media presence in increasing the visibility of scientific products is mandatory.

Major trends of change in the business environment of the oil industry had an impressive influence over the business models of the International Oil Companies (IOCs) as well as the National Oil Companies (NOCs) as the new entering competitors in this field. These trends brought about a number of changes in the business models as well. The researcher, consequently, tried to analyze the major trends of change in the business environment of these two types of oil companies through an analytic-descriptive approach, and assessed the influence of the changes in business environment of oil companies on the business models of the IOCs and NOCs. Finally, a number of suggestions were proposed to enhance the business models of these companies. The results of the study revealed that five major changes took place in the business environment of the oil companies. These major trends which were generally in favor of the NOCs and largely been at the expense of the IOCs, brought about three major changes in the business models of IOCs as well as three major changes in the business models of the NOCs. Based on these changes, a few suggestions presented to improve the competitive advantages of NOCs and IOCs.

The emergence of the corona pandemic, widespread conflict of communities with it and the lack of effective treatment and vaccination options has led to social distance policies. The quarantine solution, despite the positive consequences in controlling the rate of disease outbreak, has provided the basis for limiting the provision of face-to-face services and the continuity of business activities. Current information and communication technology solutions for providing remote electronic services due to their inability to transmit sensory data (olfactory, taste and tactile) cause incomplete understanding of the product and dissatisfaction of business customers with the cyberspace platform compared to the viewing experience and In-person purchase. This paper introduces human Bond communication as an innovative concept for business models to transmit complementary sensory data to complement visual and auditory sensory data, and discusses the HBC business plan and requirements. It seems that during the quarantine period and the limitation of providing face-to-face services, due to quarantine policies in businesses, the obligation to observe social distance in the corona pandemic period, the unknown future of the disease and the low cost of HBC technology deployment, the concept of Human Bond Communication is a suitable option for the continuation and development of business activities.

One of the important decisions in the supply chain is the supplier selection affecting different sectors and objectives of a chain significantly. When it comes to supplier selection, product/technology selection, product/technology transfer method selection, and product/technology supplier selection are three debatable factors. Hence, in this paper, criteria influencing these three indicators will be identified and their importance will be ranked by Gray-DEMETEL and Best-Worst Method (BWM). Then, the priority of the options will be determined using Gray Analytical Network Process (GANP), which is one of the strongest decision-making methods. This paper attempts to demonstrate the superiority of the BWM method in determining the importance of criteria while comparing to previous methods in this group. The compliance rate obtained for the BWM confirms this claim. In order to investigate the proposed approach, a case study was conducted while considering 5 final suppliers, 3 technologies and 5 technology transfer methods, which ended with the selection of the best supplier with the highest technology and capable of transferring the technology by the optimal transfer method.

Increasing environmental pollution from fuel vehicle and limited fossil fuel resources have increased tendency to produce electric vehicles. In Iran, the use of electric vehicles requires further study in the field of supply and demand for this product. Regardless of the supply issue, the use of electric vehicles requires a better understanding of the needs, wants and tastes of consumers. In this paper, from an integrated approach, which is the result of combining the method of choice experience with the agent based model, the modeling and simulation of consumer tendencies is discussed. The statistical population in this study is all drivers with a driver's license in the country. By random sampling, the data were collected with a questionnaire consisting of eight selection sets of 412 samples. Conditional Logit model and simulation have been used to analyze the data. The results of the integrated approach show that government incentives affect the willingness to use electric vehicles more than other features. Also, the features of price, speed and charging time are among the next priorities of consumers. Paying attention to the above features can help policymakers and car manufacturers to use new or better features than in the past.

A new concept in the area of achieving sustainable development goals is sustainable banking which is of particular importance in developing countries. To succeed in achieving sustainable banking goals, it is necessary to identify and conceptualize the underlying factors. This paper aims to identify the critical factors for sustainable banking success. This paper is an applied research in terms of purpose and has been done with a cross-sectional survey approach. Semi-structured interviews and expert questionnaire were used for data collection. The statistical population of the study consists of managers and experts of the central bank selected by purposeful sampling from among these experts.The research methodology is a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) approach. In the qualitative phase, the thematic analysis method is used to identify the critical factors for sustainable banking success. Then, at the quantitative stage, the identified factors are screened and prioritized based on the Fuzzy Delphi and SWARA method. The results show that the critical success factors of sustainable banking can be categorized into three factors: input factors, process factors and output factors. Support entrepreneurs, marketing management, clear regulation and process evaluation are of the utmost importance in the field of sustainable banking.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of music tempo on the feeling of pleasure in female customers during online shopping, which was performed using an electroencephalogram device and measuring the customers’ brain function and unconscious mind. This research was practical in the terms of purpose and exploratory in nature. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a device for recording brain signals that is used usually in medicine and nowadays is very useful in marketing too. After noise elimination, the outputs of this device were compared together by means of paired samples t-test using SPSS software between 10 selected female student participants from 26 to 35 years old from Tehran. The results of the research showed that the pleasure between the state of shopping with no music had almost no difference with the pleasure in the state of shopping with low-tempo music, and the pleasure in the state of shopping with no music was more than the pleasure in the state of shopping with high-tempo music.

Considering the failure of local content policies (LCPs) in Iran and many developing countries, ‘Public procurement for innovation’ (PPI) as a trending demand-side innovation policy could provide a new theoretical basis for implementation of Technology Annex in the country. However, developing countries are of specificities compared with advanced economies, from which lack of technological capabilities of suppliers has a pivotal role in technological catch-up. The present paper suggests the new concept ‘public procurement for capability building’ (PPCB) based on the technology transfer projects of ten strategic groups of high-tech products based on the evidences of the case of Ten Strategic Equipment Groups in the oil industry of Iran, which is in fact an extension to PPI concept. The suggested concept puts building suppliers’ capabilities as the main goal of the policy. The study showed various commonalities between these two policies, including needs for organisational changes in public procurers, risk management, utilising innovation (knowledge) intermediaries, and legal adjustment. However, two critical distinctions were conceptualised for PPCB, including 1) capability building as the main goal of the policy, and 2) establishment of a dual-track evaluation system which monitors and evaluates both the suppliers’ capabilities and the procured products.

The human resource management is one of the most important managerial and supportive processes in all organizations. This process which starts before hiring the employees in the organization and continues until their dismissal, can create and empower reliable competitive advantages for the organization. Some encouraging experiences are available on the determinant and effective role of this field in organizations. On the other hand, the human resource field couldn’t reach a good position in most of the organizations and couldn’t have effective involvement in the organization strategic fortune and meet the stakeholders’ long-term aims. Current research tries to analyze top and line managers’ expectations from Human resource department in Iran Khodro Industrial Group Companies. The research method is fundamental-applied in terms of aim and is descriptive-survey in terms of data collecting tools. The research strategy was planned according to a mixture of the qualitative and quantitative methods. 15 factors were determined as the main expected factors from the human resource department by the top and line managers.

This Study investigates the impact of open innovation on organizationalperformance by explaining the role of social capital, ServiceOrientation and employee creativity in Etka chain stores. The present study isa methodological- tracing research, and an applied - developmental research.The Statistical population of this research is the staff of the Etka Chain Storein Tehran city with more than 2000 employees. Also, 420 people were selectedfor the statistical population using the Cochran sampling formula fora limited population with a percentage of more than 409 which were analyzeddue to problems such as non-filling of some questionnaires, validity(structure and content) and reliability. (Cronbach’s 70%) It has been proven.Hypotheses were analyzed using structural equation and LISREL software(version 8.7). The results show that in Etka Chain Stores, open innovation hasan impact on the social capital of the organization, as well as social capitalin two dimensions of communication and shared values affect the employeeService Orientation, but trust does not affect their Service Orientation. Socialcapital does not affect employee creativity. Also, in the culture of trust, it canenhance employee creativity. Employee creativity and Service Orientationinfluence organizational performance in chain stores.

Todays, fast-changing environment, companies are required to acquire and update knowledge in order to gain competitive advantage. Knowledge enables organizations to anticipate the nature and commercial potential of changes. the ability to acquire, organize and disseminate knowledge helps organizations to improve decision making, cost effectiveness, customer satisfaction and cost control. therefore, successful companies in the world have focused on organizational knowledge management as a necessary requirement and a priority agenda for being a great leader in competitiveness arena. knowledge management (KM) can be defined as a strategic and systematic approach to value what the organization knows. on the other hand, the most important and valuable asset of an organization is human resource, and the role of skilled and efficient human resources in achieving organizational goals is obvious and indisputable. accordingly, human resource empowerment can prepare and success organizations in the face of today’s fast-changing environment. the use of KM in organizations can affect the psychological empowerment of employees.

Knowledge Management

KM is defined as a structured process including goals, identification, acquisition, development, dissemination, application, measuring and evaluation of organizational knowledge. managers try to extract accumulated knowledge in the minds of organizational members through the knowledge management, and share it among all people. in this case, the knowledge stored in the system becomes a permanent usable resource and provides a competitive advantage for the organization.

Psychological empowerment

Psychological empowerment refers to a set of mental states which is needed to perform tasks and control actions, and under these conditions, the experts focus mainly is on the methods of management and control of employees at different levels. on the other hand, the psychological dimension relies on employee experiences in the workplace. according to the psychological dimension, empowerment refers to employee's individual beliefs towards organizational roles.

This study is considered as a descriptive-survey research in terms of data collection. Research variables include: knowledge management components (knowledge creation, capture, refinement, dissemination, application) and psychological empowerment of employees. The population of the study includes the experts of Iranian Central Oil fields company. applying theoretical saturation method 15 experts asked to answer the questions. dematel questionnaire has been used for gathering the information.

The order of importance of knowledge management components in terms of interaction with other components is as follows: knowledge application, knowledge creation, knowledge dissemination, knowledge refinement, knowledge capture and empowerment. on the other hand, the independent components include empowerment, knowledge application and knowledge capture and knowledge dissemination. dependent components also include knowledge creation and knowledge refinement. Therefore, it should be focused on independent variables, including empowerment, knowledge application, knowledge capture and knowledge dissemination to improve the variables of knowledge creation and knowledge refinement. Among the components of KM, the component of knowledge application has a significant impact on the other three components, including, knowledge creation, knowledge refinement, and knowledge dissemination. also, knowledge creation has a significant impact on knowledge dissemination, knowledge application and knowledge refinement. the component of knowledge capture has impact on knowledge dissemination and knowledge refinement. the component of knowledge refinement is the most dependent component and in the level of 70% is affected by knowledge creation, knowledge application, knowledge capture, and knowledge dissemination. In this regard, it is clear that knowledge refinement is meaningless without knowledge creation in the organization. While comparing the cause and effect intensity of the psychological empowerment variable with KM components, because none of the affected values of empowerment from components of KM is in the upper limit domain, generally it can be suggested that empowerment is an effective variable, rather than being affected. given what was said, it can be concluded that empowerment can strengthen KM. also, it can be concluded that among the components of KM, the component of knowledge dissemination has the most constructive interaction with other components, because this component is affected by three components of knowledge creation, knowledge application and knowledge capture and it affects the component of knowledge refinement.

CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS

 Encouraging and providing the necessary rewards to employees who contribute to the KM process should be prioritized and given special attention. By introducing top employees in the field of producing applied knowledge and appreciating them at different time intervals, human resources managers can encourage other employees to collaborate in the KM process.  to improve the component of knowledge capture, the template of the managers themselves as an important part of the culturalize as well as the encouragement of successful people in the field of knowledge capture can be considered. In fact, the creation and display of a suitable behavior pattern, and the differentiation and encouragement of individuals having behavior consistent with the objectives of KM and organization, is crucial in the repetition and improvement of the components of KM, and specially knowledge capture. necessary training should be given to supervisors to enable them give adequate information to their subordinates to participate in decision making, support new and appropriate ideas and rely on the outcomes of work, as many subordinate decisions and ideas may be preferred to their opinions. Also, low-level employees should be trained to take the appropriate decisions in critical situations with full confidence in their work and by provoking a sense of ability.