علی ثریائی

Currently, the lack of water threatens the lives of billions of people around the world, and due to population growth, economic growth, and climate change, this trend is expected to continue and become more acute in the future. Therefore, the desire to curb excessive water consumption through identifying the main factors affecting consumer behavior has become very important in the management of drinking water resources. By understanding this necessity, the aim of the current research is to identify and investigate the causal relationships and prioritize the factors influencing the pattern of water consumption in the domestic sector. In this regard, by reviewing the literature in the field of water and interviewing industry experts, factors affecting consumption were identified and monitored in various criteria. Through the fuzzy Delphi method to investigate the action factors and finally 7 main economic, social, cultural, technical and engineering, legal and managerial, spatial and temporal criteria with 26 sub-criteria were identified. Then, through the fuzzy Dematel method, cause and effect relationships were investigated and these factors were evaluated and ranked using the fuzzy Topsis technique. The results obtained from the research on family awareness, use of water-reducing devices, advertising and education, consumption motivation, water tariff and pricing, and the use of new faucets ranked first to sixth. The findings of the research show that among various factors, it is possible to have a high impact on water consumption management by increasing the awareness of households on how to use water and changing the consumption pattern.

Currently, due to economic fluctuations in Iran, the investment return of banks in Iran has undergone a major transformation. One of the major challenges facing bank investors is effectively allocating their money to projects and accurately assessing credit risk. Various factors affect the credit risk of banks. In this paper, the effective variables on credit risk estimation are examined and then the effect of credit risk on investment return performance is determined. For this purpose, three hypotheses were determined and the annual data of the member companies of the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 2001-2021 were used to test the hypothesis. The study method has two stages, so that in the first stage, the Markov switching method is used to select variables affecting credit risk and for this purpose, the relationship between important indicators such as financial development and economic growth. Then, in the second stage, the important and effective variables selected in the first stage are used to estimate the credit risk and its impact on investment returns. Findings from the study showed that variables such as interest rate, inflation, ratio of domestic credit to private sector and exchange rate have a significant and positive effect on credit risk and variables such as foreign direct investment and annual real GDP growth have negative and significant effect on credit risk and credit risk has a negative and significant effect on investment returns.

One of the most important causes of banking system problems is not paying enough attention to credit risk. Ignoring the creditworthiness of applicants and mandatory facilities has left banks with a significant amount of problem assets and a large number of non-current facilities and has severely reduced their ability to finance. Intelligent methods such as multivariate switching model, due to the behavior based on multiple analysis, make it possible to find appropriate answers to predict the amount of risk. The purpose of this study is to model the credit risk of some Iranian banks using the Markov-Switching method. In order to prevent potential losses of banks, it is important to study the variables that have a significant impact on creating high-risk and critical conditions. This can be modeled through the Markov dual-regime model, which is a useful way to describe the process by which variables escape in a series of states at a continuous time being measured. Therefore, in this paper, by analyzing independent variables such as micro and macroeconomic variables, financial factors, external shocks and financial distress index using multivariate switching method to identify, score and determine the impact of each of the independent variables in credit risk control and consequently credit risk forecast is considered in banks. In this regard, three hypotheses were determined and the annual data of the member banks of the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 2011 to 2020 were used to test the hypothesis. The results of experiments in MATLAB software show the proper performance of risk prediction accuracy of the method based on multivariate Markov switching.

Water-based incidents are natural phenomena that have posed Iran to serious crises. Despite efforts to settle water crises and improve the conditions, we still witness a growing trend of water issues, especially in the agricultural sector in Iran. A necessary step to face water-based incidents and alleviate their implications is to have a deep understanding of resilience dimensions to enhance the tolerance level of the farmers. The present study evaluated farmers’ resilience level in the face of water-based crises in Harsin County. The research, which adopted a descriptive survey methodology, was conducted in 2020. The statistical population was composed of the heads of rural households in four rural districts of the county, amounting to about 6000 people. The sample size was determined to be 361 farmers based on Morgan’s table. The measurement instrument was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and professionals and its reliability was confirmed for all sections as their Cronbach’s alpha was estimated at >0.8. SPSS was used for data analysis and Expert Choice was used for pairwise comparisons. Based on the results of the pairwise comparisons, infrastructural resilience to drought has the highest level of importance in the concept of resilience. According to the results of the study, the resilience level was evaluated to be relatively low in all studied rural districts, and the difference in the level of resilience among the studied villages is significant. Also, farmers with irrigated farming have a higher level of resilience than farmers with rainfed farming.

The purpose of the current is research Designing a retail space model and self-concept, customer consumerism with a Grounded theory approach And research is inductive in nature and qualitative in method And the data collection tool is a semi-structured interview And the researchers used a set of non-probabilistic purposive sampling methods to select the sample And data collection continued to the stage of theoretical saturation And 14 interviews with experts and university professors and experienced managers in the field of management were conducted And the approach used in the research is grounded Theory technique and Coding done in 3 stages of open coding, axial coding and selective coding In open coding, the categories and concepts extracted from the interviews were listed And similar categories were grouped into main categories And in the axial coding of the extracted categories With the axes of causal factors, the contexts of strategies and intervening measures, facilitators and deterrents and outcomes were analyzed and In selective coding, the type of relationships between criteria and sub-criteria was presented in the form of a grounded theory paradigm and Max QDA software was used to analyze the data. The results show that in the causal factors of the design of the external area in the central factors of the interior environment of the store In the factors background, Individual demographic psychological and social cultural characteristics of the customer In strategies, management factors of store products and support activities Facilitating and inhibiting factors were identified in the interferer and customer consequences and store consequences were identified in the consequence factors.

The purpose of the current research is the design style of the interior environment of retail stores from a cultural point of view.

The research is mixed in terms of nature, inductive-deductive and research design. Also, the statistical population in the qualitative section is 14 academic experts and experienced managers, and in the quantitative section, it includes 384 customers of convenience stores in the provinces of North Khorasan, Mazandaran, and Gilan. and Golestan, which were investigated by the available sampling method. The tool for collecting quantitative data is a questionnaire. Finally, in order to validate the model, in the qualitative method of MAXQDA software and in the quantitative method of structural equation modeling (SEM) based on partial least squares approach by Smart PLSR statistical software and to determine the reliability of Cronbach's alpha and composite and soft reliability. SPSS software was used.

The results showed that internal environment factors, store area design, management factors, store products, support activities, customer (demographic, individual, psychological and cultural) characteristics, facilitating and inhibiting intervention factors and the consequences of customers and the store on the environment The store has a positive and significant effect.

Since customers are the only real assets of businesses and the long-term survival of a business depends on the ability to meet customers' needs and provide superior value and satisfy them, evaluating customer expectations and buying behavior plays an important role in business strategy. and performs tasks.

In recent years, many cities have been suffering from a shortage of drinking water, mainly due to population growth. Therefore, the tendency to curb excessive water consumption by identifying the main factors affecting consumer behavior in the management of drinking water resources has become very important. Understanding this necessity, the purpose of this study is to identify, and prioritize the factors affecting the pattern of water consumption in the home sector. In this regard, by reviewing the literature in the field of water and interviewing industry experts, the factors affecting consumption in various criteria were identified and monitored. Then, through fuzzy Delphi, action factors were examined and finally, 7 main economic, social, cultural, technical and engineering, legal and managerial, spatial and temporal criteria with 26 sub-criteria were identified. Evaluation and ranking of these factors were performed using the fuzzy Topsis technique. Results obtained from the research of family awareness with weight (0.756) first rank, use of water reducing devices (0.670) second rank, advertising and education (0.603) third rank, consumption motivation (0.545) rank Fourth, water tariffs and pricing (0.508) were ranked fifth and the use of new valves (0.423) was ranked sixth. The findings show that among the various factors, educating and increasing the awareness of households on how to consume water and the use of reducing devices can play an important role in managing water consumption.

Limitations of drinking water resources, the country's dry and water shortage, population growth and demand, improper water consumption in recent decades and unbalanced temporal and spatial distribution of water resources are very important. The need to change the methods of managing drinking water demand and anticipate new demands has increased by analyzing the Effective factors water consumption. The purpose of this article is to provide a model for prioritizing water consumption management strategies in the home sector. Information was collected through library research in this field and interviews with water industry experts. Then, by sampling snowballs to form a Delphi panel with a fuzzy approach, the factors that were more comprehensive were identified that finally They agreed 7 main factors economic, social, cultural, technical and engineering, legal and managerial, Place and Time with 26 effective sub-criteria. To evaluate the degree of importance and relationship between factors and prioritization of sub-criteria using fuzzy DANP technique. The results showed that the main factor technical and engineering factors with the degree of importance (0.144), time (0.790) and cultural (0.040) as an effective have a significant impact on water consumption and the effective sub-criteria are diversification in supply, per capita income, population, consumer interests, tariffs and pricing, length of stay at home, consumption motivation, infrastructure level, female employment, network pressure and modify consumption patterns programs.

The purpose of this research is to investigate and study the factors influencing the identification and preservation of key customers based on the RFM model and model design for the provision of services. The statistical population of the study consists of two different groups. In the first group, for determining the weight of the indicators (R F M) 18 experts from the Mellat Bank of Mazandaran province were randomly selected and for the second group in order to cluster customers based on the RFM model and using bank document data, those who were using the POS machine in 1396 were examined. The data analysis method is a fuzzy hierarchical analysis technique, entropy technique, K- Means method and DBSCAN method. According to the results, the weight of each of the RAF indexes were rated using the process of hierarchical analysis and entropy analysis and finally the weight of the indices was estimated as a combination. The weight of the indexes was M = 0.5998, F = 0.2672 and R = 0.1330. In addition, customer data clustering was conducted using K-Means and DBSCAN methods. Finally, the results showed that the K-means method is a better way to customer clustering and service delivery.

The present study aims to evaluate and rank marketing appropriate strategies so as to capture sustainable competitive advantage in 3 to5-star Private hotels of Mazandaran province. Due to a comprehensive overview of literature related to marketing strategies, the features and capabilities available in the non-governmental hotels and a conceptual model based on 3and 5-star indicators (Capabilities and facilities), a questionnaire is set and then studied by 40 experts and specialists in the Mazandaran province. The data collected from 31experts were examined. The reliability of the survey instrument is approved by the results of inconsistency rate calculation for the questionnaires. AHP-fussy test will determine the priority of each indicator and strategy. Based on the results obtained, cost leadership strategy gained the first place of importance, and the strategy of segmentation and differentiation is ranked next respectively.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effective factors on corporate entrepreneurship barriers in Ministry of Interior to understand the challenges facing corporate entrepreneurship. The population and sample were 532 and 213 respectively. The method of sampling is random and grouped sampling. The data are collected by using tools like the documents, interviews and questionnaires in the form of non-experimental research. The reliability coefficient obtained is 0.8744 and, at the end, explains the barriers of corporate entrepreneurship. The results represents that among three main variables of the model including internal, environmental and synthetic barriers, synthetic variables are the most important ones in this process. Also, due to internal barriers, two variables containing human resource management and structural variables are of high priority. In the field of environmental barriers, information technology and in synthetic barriers, information and communication variables are the most important.