علی حق نظری

The aim of present research was to investigate effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on drug craving in heroin addicts treated by methadone maintenance.
The present study was an experimental clinical trial with pretest, post-tests and follow-up phases. The study population consisted all of heroin addicts who referred to substance abuse treatment center in Arak city. The 36 heroin addicts were selected by convenience sampling method and were assigned into control and experimental groups (experimental group=16 patients and control group=20 patients). The Obsessive Compulsive Drug Use Scale (OCDUS) was used in pretest, post-tests and follow-up. The experimental groups recived 8 sessions of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) program between pretest and posttest while control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analized by ANOVA with repeated measure with SPSS 16.
The results of ANOVA with repeated measure showed that Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) reduced significantly drug craving scores of experimental group in posttest and Follow-up (p This study revealed that Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) program as modern psychotherapy technique is effective method to reduce drug craving. Therefore, this approach is recommended for these patients.

A field experiment was conducted during 2004 in research field of Zanjan university in Zanjan province. The main goal was determining the effect of planting techniques and seed rates on rapeseed emergence، plant establishment and grain yield. A factorial experiment in the form of randomized complete block design was applied with four replications. A pneumatic and a common mechanical planter were used. Seeds were sown on flat and raised-bed with three levels of 5. 5، 7 and 8. 5 kg seed per hectare. Results showed that the planting machine had significant effect on seedling emergence (P≤0. 01) and mechanical planter had higher seedling emergence than pneumatic planter. Mechanical planter with the amount of 8. 5 kg/ha seed had higher seedling emergence (P≤0. 01) than others. Proper seed depth of mechanical planter was significantly greater (P≤0. 01) than pneumatic planter. Pneumatic planter had higher post-winter plant establishment in comparison with mechanical planter (P≤0. 05). Mechanical planter with flat planting method had minimum post-winter plant establishment (P≤0. 01). Grain per hectar was higher by using pneumatic planter with flat planting method when 8. 5 kg/ha seed was applied at sowing. It was not significant.

Potato leaf roll virus is an important virus that causes economic loss in the yield and quality of potato tubers. One of the primary methods of managing infection in potato crops is using certified virus-free tuber as ‘seed’ for planting. Early and efficient detection of virus is essential for production of PLRV-infection free tubers. There are several techniques to detect the virus including serological test and molecular methods. LAMP is a new method to identify pathogens that is used in this study for detection of potato leaf roll virus. Potato plants with symptoms similar to PLRV were collected from Zanjan province and were subjected to a serological test. Total RNA was extracted and RT-LAMP reactions were carried out. Different methods were used to confirm performance of this reaction. Positive reaction was confirmed based on the resulting turbidity and loading product on agarose gel and using SYBR and ethidium bromide florescence dyes. The advantages of this new method include the speed (75 min), ease and safety of the method compared to other methods.

There are several techniques for the diagnosing of salmonella infectious. Several molecular methods such as PCR and hybridization assay have recently been used for the detection of this bacterium. However, these methods require precision instruments for amplification and complex procedures, which are the major obstacles to the widespread use of these methods in relatively small scale clinical laboratories, clinics and the filed laboratories. Recently, a new, rapid and sensitive technique called loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was developed. In this study we used 7 different strains of salmonella to compare the PCR with LAMP method. For PCR test we used thermocycler, but The LAMP reaction can be conducted under isothermal conditions by using only one type of enzyme and four primers recognizing six distinct regions. The most important merit of this method is that no denaturation of the DNA template is required, so, technique is simple and no need to thermocycler machine and several temperatures cycles. Conventional PCR method for the detection of Salmonella with standard thermocylcer takes 3 hrs but, with LAMP method we were able to amplify and detect the salmonella in very simple thermal block made in IRAN. After Optimization of the process it was possible to rapidly detect and identify Salmonella typhi bacteria within 90 minutes. This method was also 100 times more sensitive comparing to the PCR method. According to the results, comparing LAMP isothermal amplification method for detection and identification of Salmonella with conventional PCR we have been able to determine the simplicity, speed (3 times) and the superior sensitivity(100 times) of the LAMP to PCR method. This Method is more simple, faster and cheaper (10 times). Another advantage is independence to cycle's temperature and thermo-cycling and replacement with one thermo block which is very simple, inexpensive and made in inside the country.

In order to evaluate relationship between Different traits in lentils (lens culinaris Medik), a field study was conducted as an RCBD based design with 3 replications on Zanjan University Research Farm during spring of the year 2004. ANOVA analysis revealed significant differences for all characters except for the number of primery branches. Correlation analysis indicated positive and significant correlation between seed yield and harvest index, number of primery branches, pods/plant and biological yield, and grian yield. The result of the factor analysis also showed that the second factor including number of primery branches, pods/plant, grian yield, canopy width and seeds/plant was an important trait involved in the grian yield in lentil. In addition, cluster analysis helped divide the genotypes into four distance groups of large, medium, semi medium and low yields.

Factor analysis is one of the multivariate statictical methods which can reduce a large number of correlated variables in small number uncorrelated factors. In order to determain the morphological and physiological effective characters on drought resistance of lentil, twenty lentil gnotypes evaluated on the basis of 8 morphological and physiological characters in a split plot design with replications at the Zanjan University research farm during the spring of 004. Factor analysis based on mean values over two stressed and non-stressed environments distributed 8 variables in four factors. For easy in explanation, only those factor coefficients that were greater than 0.8, were selected as signification without considering their sign. The first factor could explain 0.8 percent of total variance. The most important coefficients in this factor were related to plant dry weight, leaf dry weight, steam dry weight, leaf area and days to flowering. Significant and postive correlations were observed for all these traits. The second factor explain 5.6 percent of total variance. In this factor, plant hight at before flowering time, harvesting time, canopy width and number of primery branches were the most important traits.There were negative and significant correlations between plant height in flowering, before flowering and harvesting time with canopy width and number of primery branches. There was also positive and significant correlation between canopy width and number of primery branches. The third factor explained 4.0 percant of total variance.The most important traits in this factor were extracted as harvest index, seed yield, pods per plant, water content of leaves and seeds/plant. The fourth factor explained 0.66 percant of total variance.The most important traits in this factor were selected as biological yield, leaf temperature and 00 seed weight. There was a negative and significant correlation between seed yield and leaf temperature, also a positive and significant correlation between 00 seed weight and seed yield was seen.