علی شکوهی

The purpose of the research was to design and validate the intellectual capital development model in schools for exceptional children in elementary school. The research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative part, the qualitative content analysis method was used, and in the quantitative part, the descriptive-survey method was used. The qualitative statistical collection was the text of interviews and books and articles (from 2005 to 2019) that were downloaded from related databases. According to the theoretical data saturation rule, 86 documents and 22 interview texts were selected. Quantitative statistical population, all principals of exceptional children's schools were in elementary school. Based on Morgan's sample size table, 136 managers were selected by cluster random sampling method. To validate the model, 30 faculty members were selected by purposive sampling. The tool for collecting qualitative data was semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, and the tool for collecting quantitative data was a researcher-made intellectual capital questionnaire, whose content validity was verified by experts and its reliability was used using the combined reliability method (CR=./ 72) was obtained. A 7-question questionnaire created by the researcher was used to validate the model. Qualitative data were analyzed through qualitative content analysis and coding. Quantitative data analysis was done using factor analysis and structural equations. After analyzing the content and extracting the codes, components and sub-components, the intellectual capital development model of schools for exceptional children in elementary school was presented.

The aim of the present study was to present the relationship model between intellectual capital and the quality of education in elementary schools with the mediating role of meritocracy. The current research is practical in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection, it is a mixed method type. The statistical population includes 203 managers, deputies and experts Education of Alborz province who had more than 1 year of management experience in schools. Based on Morgan's table, 136 people were randomly selected as a statistical sample. To measure the research variables from the meritocracy questionnaire (Moslehi, 2013), the questionnaire The quality standard of education in schools (Kalantari, 2014) and the questionnaire created by the intellectual capital researcher were used. The reliability of the tool using Cronbach's alpha was between 0.85 and 0.93. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed using the opinions of 15 educational management professors. For data analysis in step Qualitative (analyzing and analyzing the data from the interviews) thematic analysis method was used. To analyze the data in the quantitative part of the descriptive statistics methods (frequency distribution table, mean, median, standard deviation) and from the T-Tech test of inferential statistics and from Lisrel and SPSS 22 software. used. The results show that the main model of the research has a good fit. In this model, human, structural and relational capitals have a positive effect on the quality of education in schools, and on the other hand, these components have a positive effect on the quality of education in schools indirectly through the mediating role of meritocracy.

Considering the importance of the identity of urban facades and despite the elaborations made on this concept in theoretical and management communities, observations indicate that deviation from desirable facades is still large in practice. Emphasizing the necessity of defining identities for facades in historical neighborhoods, the present research seeks to identify the factors affecting the improved identity of the street landscape and view. In this work, Ghamat Bayat Street, a newly constructed pathway in the central historical context of Zanjan, Iran was considered as a case study. This is an applied research where data collection was performed through library studies coupled with filed observations and surveys. The research method is a mix of qualitative and quantitative procedures (i.e., mixed analytics), where quantitative data analysis was performed in SPSS software. Statistical population of the research was composed of residents of Zeynabieh Neighborhood of Zanjan, who made up a population of 578 individuals, of whom 230 individuals were selected to form a statistical sample. Upon extracting the components of identity in facades along the urban pathways out of theoretical foundations, the research variables were classified under three classes of “physical”, “visual”, and “semantic” indices. Investigation of these variables along the studied street showed that, from the Zeynabieh Neighborhood residents’ point of view, the visual (score: 3.610) and semantic (score: 2.592) indices impose the largest and smallest contributions to improved quality of landscape in this street, respectively. Focusing on the components, the highest and lowest impacts on the identity of facades were found to be those of “balance and symmetry” and “unity/plurality” components with average scores of 3.73 and 2.86, respectively. Findings of this research indicate the necessity of paying attention to the three primary dimensions of identity simultaneously. It was further figured out that, in the design and organization of street landscapes in historical contexts, one must consider the existing physical basis and consistency of different parts, avoid visual disturbance of walls, increase readability of spatial organization and social interactions across public areas by formulating communal activities, identify local distinctions between the considered street and the neighboring pathways followed by emphasizing and reinforcing these distinctions, so as to realize the objectives of this research. Moreover, implementation of traditional construction methods by means of locally available construction materials tends to establish a physical association between the street and the precious surrounding urban context, harmonizing the new constructions with the old ones, which ends up representing the urban identity along the considered street. 

Intellectual capital is a collective mental ability or key knowledge as a set that derives from the total knowledge of the members of the organization and the application of their knowledge and is essentially a social achievement. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the appropriateness of the dimensions and components of the intellectual capital development model in primary schools of the country from the perspective of specialists in educational sciences and education. For internal validation of the educational model, 26 faculty members and doctoral students in the fields of educational sciences, human resource management, educational management and primary school principals working in Alborz province were selected by a purposeful method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to validate the model internally. In order to analyze the data obtained from the interview, the theme analysis method was used. Also, one-sample t-test was used for statistical analysis of the answers given to the questionnaire questions. Finally, the extraction of categories and subcategories was reviewed and initially validated by supervisors and consultants. Final categories including individual factors, relational factors and structural factors were counted.

The Liveable urban environment is a desirable place for life, work, and entertainment, which meets the current and future needs of citizens. One of the most important challenges of Liveable on urban spatial is urban physical and environmental problems that affect the future of future generations and their quality of life. This paper analyzes and predicts the role of physical-environmental indicators in creating Liveable space in Zanjan city by analytical method. Fieldwork and library studies have been used to collect information. The statistical population consisted of residents of Zanjan, which was selected by Cochran sampling method, 384 samples. To analyze the data, the fittest test, exploratory factor analysis and structured / cross-flow futures research were used with SPSS and MIC MAC software. According to the results of the research, considering the fact that Zanjan physical-environmental management system tends to be unstable, however, the components of "Suitable prices for housing," "industrial pollution," "the proportion of public use to the needs of citizens," "the situation of waste tanks," "street flood security", "natural beauty of the neighborhood", "vegetation around the cities" And strong. And these relationships are mutually linked to the "affordable housing" component. As a result, in order to Liveable the urban space in Zanjan, it is first necessary to develop community-based programs around housing, the beauty of the city and neighborhoods, pollution, and refinement of the needs of citizens. Ultimately, in order to achieve the citychr('39')s Liveable goals, attention must be paid to controlling the citychr('39')s physical growth and development, the expansion of the public transport fleet, and attention to internal development.

Cities are complex phenomena. During the last two decades, one of the efficient tools in identifying morphological urban complexity mentioned and discussed in books and various publications is fractal model. The model, which was presented by Benoit Mandelbrot, is an effective tool in the study of urban morphology. This article both introduces this model and deals with its role in comparative study of the old and new contextures of the city of Zanjan. To this end, two software programs were used. Excel software was used in calculating the fractal dimension and ArcMAP software was used in generating the fractal maps. The research method is analytical and comparative. The collected data is provided through documenting methods and Zanjan detailed plan maps. Research findings indicate that the fractal model is a real and accurate tool for understanding urban morphology. The results also showed that the old contexture of Zanjan in comparison with the new one is more fractal.

Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonosis in Middle East and Iran. The purpose of this study was genomic detection of Brucella spp. in sero-positive dairy cattle. We have collected 28,519 blood samples from cows during 2012-2013. Samples were screened by Slide and tube agglutination and 2-Mercaptoethanol tests. Samples with anti-Brucella antibodies titer ≥ 1:80 and ≥1:40 in tube agglutination and 2-ME tests were considered as positive respectively. Tissue samples include: lymph nodes, liver, testicle and kidney from 122 samples of slaughtered cows were collected. The Sero-positive samples were examined by a collection of specific primers for Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, vaccinal strains included RB51 and Rev1 using PCR tests. Results showed that 450 samples were positive in slide agglutination test and 447 samples had anti-brucella antibodies titer equal to or more than 1:80. So they were positive by tube agglutination test. Three hundred eighty nine samples were positive by 2- mercaptoethanol test. PCR test results showed that 46 samples (37.7%) out of 122 samples had a specific sequence of Brucella or otherwise they have an active infection with Brucella species, whereas 62.3% of samples were negative. The PCR results showed that 2 samples (4.35%) were infected by B. melitensis, 2 samples (4.35%) infected by Rev1 strain and 42 samples (91.3%) were infected by B. abortus. The results showed that, as we had expected, the majority of cows were infected by B. abortus. Animals who infected by B. melitensis and Rev1 strain may be a result of contact with sheep or goats. We couldn’t find Brucella genome in 76 samples (62.3%) of sero-positive cows. It may be caused by cross reaction of sera with Brucella species in tests or activation of immune system response and elimination of organism from internal organs.

Educational spaces are considered as the most important urban areas. Determining the optimal establishment of schools in urban areas is one of the duties of urban planners. In the recent years، increasing urbanization caused poor arrangement of educational spaces، so that urban population has difficulties in accessing to the education. In spite of the important role of educational spaces in the quality of education and their great effects on applying educational programs، little attention was paid to location and organization of educational spaces in Iran، like the most of the developing countries. In fact، population areas are spatially resulted from natural، social، economic and physical relations، which are organized in the natural environment، and social and economic activities with interactions between human beings and the environment. If the service centers، especially educational centers، are located properly، this correlation will be higher. To establish appropriate and reasonable educational facilities، efficient use of scientific and sufficient methods would be necessary. The reason for this is that use of precise quantitative tools makes it possible to evaluate more precisely the establishment of schools being studied in this research. The examination about how female schools are established in the second educational region of Zanjan was conducted by a combined model taking into account outdoor spaces and classrooms per capita، accessibility، building date and traffic safety. Therefore، this is an applied research with descriptive-analytical method. Statistical population is whole population and the students in the scope of the second educational region of Zanjan city، separated by the areas and blocks. In the present research، the sample is the very same statistical population. The research method is descriptive – analytical and necessary data for the research were gathered through detailed library studies، documents، observation، questionnaire، and field works. The status of physical، economic، social and administrative domains was also studied. The objective of the present paper is to analyze educational locations in secondary schools of the second educational region in Zanjan city and to evaluate the current situation of educational spaces. Furthermore، it is tried to develop an optimal model in order to establish educational spaces properly and to increase efficiency and convenience of their utilization in the spatial levels. The results of the study revealed that current location of most of the studied schools do not meet standards for educational facilities. Various factors should be considered in proper establishment of the schools. Some of the schools are fixed and others are variable، that is، some of them may change over time and others remain unchanged. Most of the schools established in the center of city have higher age and many of them were constructed with materials of low resistance. These schools are among the places with lower range of outdoor and classroom per capita relative to common standards. Moreover، they often are located in crowded and dangerous places for the students. The most incompatibility is related to the schools located on the crowded streets resulting in several problems such as noise and air pollution and crashes occurring to the students by passing vehicles. According to the distribution of educational spaces in female secondary schools، it was noticed that most schools are not distributed according to the requirements of student population and cannot meet the real needs of the studied school. There is no female secondary school in the east and north-east part of the second educational region of Zanjan. The results of weighting of final matrix showed that the whole rate of minimum accessibility (0. 1635) in relation to the highest rate (0. 7942) is in very high level. This shows the superiority and dominance of the potential weaknesses compared with the capabilities. This indicated that the existing capacities were not used properly to overcome the weaknesses. The greatest difficulties in educational areas are related not only to the buildings and non-standard areas but also to their location and inconvenience in the student access to the educational spaces. These findings suggest the superiority and dominance of the weaknesses in comparison with the capacities of the studied schools. Moreover، the final weighting matrix showed that six schools out of the 12 ones received the lowest rates of accessibilities. Due to the factors affecting the construction of the educational buildings، it is proposed that we should not consider simply one factor in construction of educational space. For example، the number of students or depreciation of the space or the year of its construction، all should be considered and all aspects should be evaluated systematically to build a school. Some existing educational spaces have some problems such as their inappropriate location in incompatible land use، particularly those with high traffic routes; lack of the possibility to change the use of adjacent spaces; and impossibility to move educational units from the existing educational facilities to other convenient location. Therefore، the simplest، most cost-effective and practical solutions to solve the mentioned problems are use of double-glazed windows; planting dense trees to reduce noise pollution; construction of appropriate area، building proper entrances and good views، and so on. If there are necessary facilities and budget، then the reasonable method will be used to change incompatible land use in educational neighborhood areas or to transfer the educational units to a proper place. It is difficult to alter the adjacent inappropriate educational environments. Dealing with land uses on the rivers and crowded streets would be appropriate to adopt such measures as change in the location and the entrance and exit direction of doors in educational areas. These measures can avoid direct contact of students with the main streets، roads، intersections and squares.

In this study, sorption behavior of ethanol/water mixture into poly dimethyl siloxane (PDMS) membrane at 45˚C and 60˚C was investigated using the Gibbs free energy models namely the UNIQUAC and the UNIQUAC-HB. Prediction accuracy of these models, effects of hydrogen bonding, concentration and temperature of feed on the sorption behavior were studied. Using thermodynamic equilibrium criteria between the components in two phases, the interaction parameters of models were estimated by the genetic algorithm and the volume fractions of components were calculated. Results showed that there is a good agreement between the experimental and predicted data obtained from the UNIQUAC model with an accuracy of 4.2% at 45 °C and 4.4% at 60 °C. Addition of hydrogen bonding term in the UNIQUAC-HB model leads to better agreement between model and experimental data.

A non-isothermal, isobaric and one-dimensional mathematical model has been developed for the production of hydrogen by steam reforming of methane. Mass and energy balances for reacting and scrubbing phases provide a system of algebraic and differential equations solution of which gives concentration and temperature distributions along the reactor. After validation of the model against available experimental data, the effect of heating method of the reactor and different operating parameters including temperature and pressure of feed, ratio of steam and scrubbing gas to methane on hydrogen recovery and methane conversion has been investigated. The results of this study show that hydrogen recovery and methane conversion may be increased by increasing the feed temperature and incremental heating of the membrane reactor.