علی مرادی

The function of persuasion as a linguistic action is to change the audience's attitude and behavior or strengthen his beliefs. In general, persuasion is the basic and ultimate goal of all types of communication behaviors. This kind of persuasion is applied in the form of language tricks and the phenomenon of persuasion has an active presence in speech. The study of linguistic methods and tools involved in persuasion leads to the examination of the issue of power and how to dominate the mind, and this itself is the beginning of critical discourse analysis. Critical discourse analysis relies on methodological theories. The theory of LacLau and Mouffe has presented a systematic formulation in this field. Discourse is the result of the communication and interaction of the speakers in a social and cultural context. Legal discourse, due to the inherent nature of communication with the audience through "language", contains various methods of persuasion, which discourse analysis can discover many of them. The Dispute Resolution Council, as a legal-judicial institution, has created a special legal discourse by using various functions of language as the main tool. The main goal of the current research is to analyze the legal discourse of this council and examine the role of linguistic knowledge in its persuasion methods. In this research, the data has been collected by field method and direct observation, from 20 sessions of conciliation branches of the Dispute Resolution Council of Islamabad Gharb city. The data includes a total of 1,273 parts of speech, which formed the linguistic body of the research and were analyzed in a descriptive-analytical way, based on the theory of Laclau and Mouffe. The research question is, what are the findings of linguistics based on the theory of Laclau and Mouffe that can be effective in the process of persuading the parties to the dispute in the discourse of the members of the dispute resolution council? The result of the research shows that in order to convince the parties to the dispute, the linguistic tools of highlighting, the relationship between the signifier and the signified, backgrounding and hegemony, in descending order, have played an effective role in the discourse of the dispute resolution council members. In this discourse, the members of the council have used several effective words as persuasive elements by fixing the semantic system, each of which has specific meanings with specific signifiers

Methanol poisoning can cause a wide range of neurological manifestations, confusion, coma, and vision loss. The present study aimed to report a case of blindness caused by alcohol poisoning.

Case Report: 

The patient, a 19-year-old man, refereed to the emergency department of the hospital with complaints of dizziness, blurred vision, weakness, lethargy, and nausea. The patient had severe blurred vision caused by alcohol consumption (methanol) two days before referring to the hospital. The patient was transferred from the emergency room to the ICU. The results of the tests indicated severe acidosis. A central venous catheter (Shaldon) was placed in the femoral area for the patient and he was treated with oral ethanol, folic acid tablets, and dialysis.

Despite the diagnosis of poisoning and necessary treatment measures, the patient finally lost his eyesight completely, and due to the shock of becoming blind at a young age, he was refused to a consultant for follow up the treatment and was discharged from the hospital with his personal consent.

Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are among the most valuable and strategic legumes globally and in Iran, primarily due to their high protein content and nutritional benefits. Growing global demand for protein-rich foods highlights the importance of enhancing bean production. However, water scarcity, exacerbated by Iran's location along the global desert belt and receiving less than one-third of the global average rainfall, poses significant challenges to sustainable agriculture and food security.  Brassinosteroids, a class of plant growth regulators, have emerged as a promising solution to mitigate environmental stresses like drought while improving crop growth and yield. This study aims to evaluate the effects of foliar application of 24-epibrassinolide hormone on various physiological traits, enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense mechanisms, and gain yield of pinto beans under low irrigation stress.

A field experiment was conducted during the 2022 growing season on a farm in eastern Shiraz, using a split-plot design within a randomized complete block design with three replications. The irrigation regime was applied at three levels: full irrigation (100% of the moisture requirement) and low irrigation stress (80% and 60% of the moisture requirement), as the main factor. Four concentrations of 24-epibrassinolide, including control (distilled water), 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/L were applied as the subplot factor. The experiment aimed to assess physiological traits such as chlorophyll index, relative water content, antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase), grain yield under different irrigation and hormone treatments.

The results revealed that both low irrigation stress and 24-epibrassinolide application significantly influenced all measured traits. Foliar application of 0.2 mg/L 24-epibrassinolide increased the chlorophyll index and leaf relative water content by 7.42% and 11.77%, respectively, compared to the control. Significant interactions between irrigation regimes and hormone concentrations were observed. At 60% and 80% moisture levels, the 0.2 mg/L hormone treatment increased antioxidant enzyme activities as follows (compared to the control): catalase (172% (60%) and 131% (80%)), peroxidase (105% (60%) and 115% (80%)), and superoxide dismutase (0.35% (60%) and 0.45% (80%). Similarly, seed yield improved significantly with 24-epibrassinolide application. Under 100%, 80%, and 60% irrigation levels, 0.2 mg/L application resulted in yield increases of 72.38%, 56.02%, and 44.35%, respectively, compared to the control.

The application of 24-epibrassinolide at a concentration of 0.2 mg/L effectively enhances the antioxidant defense system, reduces reactive oxygen species, prevents cell wall damage, and minimizes macromolecule degradation in pinto beans. These effects contribute to improved grain yield, under both full and low irrigation conditions. This approach offers a promising solution for mitigating water stress and promoting sustainable bean production in arid and semi-arid regions.

In Augustine's thought, human nature is sick because of original sin, and this disease has also made humans incapable of achieving salvation and doing good deeds. Hence, it needs an external factor to be strengthened: grace. The result of Augustine's belief is that babies are guilty of physical birth in such a situation. In the meantime, Pelagius believes that Augustine's approach has results that undermine the tenets of Christian doctrinal principles. First, it deprives God of the attributes of justice and power, while the Bible considers God to be just because the Bible considers God to be Just and seeks a conception of man as a just creature. Secondly, It causes an unfair interpretation of Divine Grace that challenges other inner areas of human beings and reduces them to inefficiency. Therefore, to solve this problem, Pelagius first considers the human will to be free, and in the next step, he introduces human nature as pure and explains it with an Arian approach; he first explains grace and then confronts Augustine's interpretation of Paul. He also considers Augustine's evidence from the Bible metaphorical, thus declaring the infants free from any sin. In this study, we intend to investigate this issue descriptively and refer to original sources.

Emergency preparedness for radiation accidents is essential, and the need to design and facilitate various progressive exercises to increase preparedness in these accidents has been emphasized. Using the demonstration method with simulation is an effective teaching method in this field. To train military nursing master's students in caring for radiation victims, a plan was made to visit a specialized clinic for radiation victim care. The students received necessary training through simulation.

This article presents the findings of a case study conducted through field operations, data organization, and description of data collected during the natural course of an event by researchers. Observation and description were the primary elements of this study, and observation and interview techniques were utilized to gather the necessary knowledge and insights about the information.

Radiation casualty care training was presented to the students using a simulation method with combined casualties (trauma and radiation contamination) by an expert from the radiation care clinic. After triage and complete decontamination, the hypothetical victim was transferred to the inpatient ward to monitor clinical symptoms and receive the necessary medical and nursing care. The design of specialized centers for the care and treatment of nuclear and radiation victims is somewhat different from other hospitals and medical centers. These centers have a special section for installing decontamination devices and a separate sewage system for storing polluted water. Also, the staff involved in providing medical care to radiation victims should be equipped with the required scientific ability and practical skills and be prepared to face radiation accidents.

Considering the importance and necessity of field training and presence in real arenas facing critical conditions and war, and in order to improve the level of education and skills of military nursing master's students, it is recommended that necessary planning and coordination be made for the presence and participation of students in medical centers, related institutions, and similar missions in the future.

The structure of Augustine's theological system seeks to solve the problem of human salvation. From the ontological and epistemological point of view, Augustine considers elements involved in the realization of human salvation, among which the most important elements are the Holy Spirit. It seems that according to Augustine's theological system, the Holy Spirit plays a role in human salvation in three areas: a- introducing Christ to others; B- Birth of faith in the hearts of believers; C- Partial realization of the grounds for the formation of moral virtues in believers. The Holy Spirit plays a key role for human salvation in these three areas, especially in the realization of moral virtues. Although Augustine has talked and reflected a lot about the Holy Spirit and his functions in the system of existence, he did not pay attention to this position in the design of his system and did not reflect it in the formulation of human salvation, which itself causes defects. He becomes human in the realization of salvation. Therefore, the current study tries to analyze and examine the place of the Holy Spirit in the salvation system by referring directly to Augustine's works and with an analytical-descriptive approach.

For over 50 years, bone cement has been used to strengthen artificial joints like hip, knee, shoulder, and elbow joints. The main purpose of bone cement is to fill the space between the prosthesis and the bone. This absorbs the forces on the joint by creating an elastic area. Besides ensuring the long-term stability of the artificial implant, it also improves the damaged bone. Polymeric bone cement consists of a polymer matrix known as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and a liquid monomer called methyl methacrylate (MMA). When these two components are mixed, a free radical polymerization reaction occurs, leading to the cement's hardening at the place of use. The properties of bone cement, such as mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and handling characteristics, can be adjusted by combining the effective polymerization parameters. However, there are some challenges, such as heat generation during polymerization.
Ceramic bone cement is a composite material of ceramic particles dispersed in a polymer matrix, including calcium phosphate and calcium sulfate. The ceramic particles provide strength and bioactivity, while the polymer matrix enhances the transport properties of the cement. This combination results in a mechanically stable, bone-conductive, and biocompatible cement. Moreover, ceramic bone cement can be engineered to release therapeutic agents, such as antibiotics or growth factors, to prevent infection and foster bone regeneration. Ceramic bone cement is a promising alternative material for bone cement in joint replacement. However, more research and development are required to optimize the properties of bone cement and overcome the challenges associated with its use. With continued advancements in biomaterials, ceramic and polymer bone cement could revolutionize the field of orthopedic surgery and improve patient outcomes. Recent research has focused on developing new bone cement with improved properties like bioactivity, antibacterial activity, and drug delivery capabilities. These developments aim to enhance the performance of bone cement and remove the current limitations in orthopedic applications. In this review study, we will focus on the types of bone cement, their mechanical, biological, and structural properties, and how to optimize them.

This experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effect of seed coating with biochar and activated carbon on some quinoa seed germination indicators, and it was implemented as a factorial in the form of a completely randomized design with four replications in 2019, in Yasouj University's Faculty of Agriculture. The first factor is seed coating in four levels (no coating, coating with activated carbon, coating with biochar and coating with activated carbon + biochar) and the second factor includes salinity stress in four levels (zero, 75, 150 and 225 mM sodium chloride). The results of the interaction of salinity stress and seed coating showed that the highest content of soluble sugar (28.578 mg/g seed FW) and malondialdehyde (2.97 µmol/g seed FW) was obtained by coating with activated carbon in 150 mM salinity stress. Also, the highest amount of seed hydrogen peroxide (0.18 μmol/g seed FW) and proline (10.49 μmol/g seed FW) at the level of 225 mM sodium chloride was obtained by covering the seeds with biochar and active carbon, respectively. Covering seeds with activated carbon and biochar led to an increase in the length of root and shoot under salt stress conditions. However, under salinity stress conditions, root weight and length vigor index of seed improved more by coating seeds with activated carbon. It can be stated that seed coating can greatly reduce the harmful effects of osmotic stress on germination and biochemical traits in quinoa seedlings and improve seedling growth.

Dear Editor The purpose of this research is to familiarize professors and students of medical sciences with the concept of Balint groups. Michael Balint created the Balint groups in 1957 in order to better understand the relationships between family doctors and their patients (1, 2). According to Michael Balint, in addition to medical education, doctors should also have proper communication skills and characteristics with patients (2, 3). Balint groups are one of the effective methods to improve therapist-client relationships in the form of 90-minute sessions, held weekly to monthly, over several years (4, 5). Each Balint group consists of 6 to 10 members with one to two leaders or facilitators. In these groups, usually, one person presents the desired topic, which can be the condition of a patient, in a period of 3 to 5 minutes, and the desired topic is discussed for an hour or more. All topics discussed in the group are confidential, and the leader emphasizes creating a safe environment that is based on trust and acceptance. The members of the group take turns expressing their opinions on the topic, and finally, the group leader summarizes the opinions, and the final result is obtained (6). Doctors in these groups have meetings to discuss their performance, the psychological aspects of their work, and the relationship between the doctor and the patient (1, 7). One of the goals of Balint groups is to increase one's knowledge by reporting on one's patient, discussing the topic in a safe environment, finding one's mistakes due to the feedback of others, and correcting one's emotional experiences in relation to the patient. Balint group members reveal their innermost feelings and experiences in order to be able to talk about a topic. In this way, members share their content with other group members in a non-judgmental environment. The group members benefit from the feedback of others and compare their experiences with the contents of other colleagues (8). Group discussions about feelings have the benefit of making people more aware of their feelings, thus enabling them to analyze and organize their information. Emotions and feelings in clinical work can be useful for patients if they are tolerated and understood by the doctor (9). Due to the rapid development of technology, the improvement of educational methods, and attention to the needs of patients, the importance of the Balint group should be given more attention due to the change in demographic characteristics (1). As a result, Balint groups have gradually been emphasized in medical education (10). In Balint groups, with the participation of students, the duration is shorter than in normal Balint groups, and the leader may be more active in describing their experiences (11). The presence of students in Balint groups leads to the development of empathy skills among medical students (12). For example, students are placed in a real and uncomfortable clinical situation to observe their reactions and increase their empathetic abilities, thus becoming more patient-centered (12, 13). Studies show that doctors who were part of Balint groups during their student period have a higher sense of control and satisfaction in their work environment. Also, these groups improve the skills of giving bad news in students (11). By attending these classes, students can use the professors' experiences with problematic issues in dealing with patients, which they have not observed during their studies. Improving doctor-patient relationships, reducing job burnout, and managing stress and anxiety are other benefits of participating in Balint groups (1). Medical schools should create an environment for students that will lead to progress in their socialization process (14). Therefore, it is suggested that Balint groups be used to improve teacher-student relationships in medical education.

This research aims to identify and present strategies to promote the culture of participation of non-governmental organizations in the prevention of violent crimes in Hamadan city. This research is practical in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of approach. The statistical population of the research was formed by the police chiefs of Hamedan province and the sample size continued in a purposeful manner until theoretical saturation, which was 25 cases. Two library and field methods based on semi-structured interviews of experts have been used to collect the data. In order to analyze the data, thematic analysis method was used using MAXQDA software. The findings show that the greater the participation between non-governmental organizations and Faraja, the better the prevention of crime. Based on this, four general methods as strategies to promote the organization's culture of participation were recognized in the prevention of violent crimes in Hamedan city, as follows: 1- Awareness-oriented strategies with 20 indices (the theme of the organizer: awareness, training and promotion of people's organizations institution), 2- trust-oriented strategies with 26 indices (communication, inter-departmental and intra-departmental interaction, and trust building), 3- operational strategies with 40 indices (implementation of social plans, economic assistance, delegation authority and operational infrastructure), and 4- legal and law-oriented strategies with 19 indices (legal intervention and support and legal infrastructure).

Human salvation and redemption are among the most important topics that Islamic philosophers have addressed. Mulla Sadra, as a philosopher who is based on the religious and intellectual tradition of Shia, is looking for how to realize the salvation of man in the theological and philosophical system that he designs in the book of the Al Asfar AlArbaa. According to the studies done, we see that Mulla Sadra believes that the salvation of man depends on two components, which are: angels and the Prophet of Islam. This approach of Mulla Sadra leads to the conclusion that angels, according to their ontological and epistemological position in both scientific and practical fields, provide the two main wings of human salvation and identify the redeemed human identity and make man an angelic being. They make a change. At the same time, in the field of practical wing, we are faced with the two elements of transmission of revelation and general assistance to humans, which the role of the Prophet of Islam in the field of revelation is very visible and effective. According to Mulla Sadra, angels are in charge of creating a human identity, and salvation is the realization of the believer's scientific and practical perfection, which is achieved by connecting and uniting with the active intellect and practicing the Sharia. In this research, in an analytical-descriptive way and based on Mulla Sadra's works, we investigate the issue of what is the role of angels in the salvation of man in Mulla Sadra's thought and how is it achieved.

With the increase in population and improvement in diet diversity, there is a growing need for the quantitative and qualitative development of oil seeds. Camelina (Camelina sativa), an oil seed plant from the Brassicaceae family, is an ideal candidate as it contains 50 to 60% unsaturated fatty acids and omega-3 fatty acids, and has the ability to thrive in adverse environmental conditions. By introducing this new oil plant into cultivation programs, it can significantly contribute to the production of high-quality edible or non-edible oil in the developing countries such as Iran. However, achieving maximum grain yield and appropriate fatty acid composition in camelina oil relies heavily on selecting the appropriate planting date. Additionally, providing necessary nutrients, particularly nitrogen, to the plants is a key aspect of agricultural management to achieve desired quality and quantity of crop products. This research aims to investigate the impact of planting date and different levels of chemical and biological nitrogen fertilizers on the growth characteristics, yield, and oil content of camelina plants in the Eghlid, south of Iran.

This research was conducted in the cropping year of 2021-2022 at the Eghlid Agricultural Research Station in Fars province, south of Iran (Long. 52 42, Lat. 30 55, and Alt. 2375 m above sea level). The experiment was performed as a split-plot design based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots included different nitrogen fertilizers at four levels: 100% chemical nitrogen (250 kg/ha urea), 75% chemical nitrogen (187 kg/ha urea) + nitrogen biofertilizer, 50% chemical nitrogen (125 kg/ha urea) + nitrogen biofertilizer, and non-use of nitrogen fertilizer (control). The sub-plots included four planting dates: September 11, 2021, September 26, 2021, April 9, 2022, and April 24, 2022. The experimental plots (sub-plots) were determined to be 5 x 2 meters. Each plot consisted of 4 stacks with a distance of 50 cm between them. The distance between sub-plots was 50 cm, the distance between main plots was 150 cm, and the distance between replications (blocks) was 300 cm. On both sides of each stack, seeds were planted in two rows with a distance of 25 cm to achieve a density of 120 plants/m2. One-thirds of the urea nitrogen fertilizer was added to the plots of each treatment before planting, one-thirds at the 6-8 leaf stage, and the remaining third at the stemming stage of camelina. In the biofertilizer treatment, the camelina seeds were inoculated with biofertilizer containing Azotobacter sp. and Azospirillum sp. before being sown. The cumulative growth degree days of seedling emergence, flowering, and ripening, as well as plant height, chlorophyll index, grain yield, yield components and seed oil percentage were evaluated.

With delaying planting from September 11, 2021, to April 24, 2022, the GDD (Growing Degree Days) for camelina emergence decreased, additionally, a delay in planting led to a shorter growth period until full flowering of the camelina plants. Planting in September 26, 2021, led to the longest growth period until full maturity of the camelina plants, while spring planting resulted in a decreased length of the growth period until maturity. The highest plant height (43 cm) was achieved in the presence of 75% chemical fertilizer + biofertilizer nitrogen and the lowest (41 cm) was in the absence of nitrogen fertilizer application. The planting date of September 11, 2021 and April 24, 2022 showed the highest (43 cm) and lowest (37 cm) plant height of camelina. The decrease in plant height during the late planting date was primarily due to the decrease in internode elongation as a result of changes in day length and a shorter vegetative growth period. The highest chlorophyll index (66) was achieved by using 100% nitrogen chemical fertilizer, while the lowest chlorophyll index (52) was observed in the control, lack of fertilizer application. This trait decreased when the planting was delayed. The delay in planting led to a decrease in leaf area, resulting in a decrease in the chlorophyll index during the late planting date. No application of nitrogen fertilizer had the highest seed oil percentage (29.4%), while the application of 75% chemical fertilizer + biofertilizer nitrogen resulted in the lowest oil percentage (18.5%). The delay in planting from early autumn to late spring led to a decrease in the seed oil percentage. This decrease can be attributed to increase in nitrogen content, which promotes the formation of nitrogenous protein precursors. Consequently, more photoassimilates are allocated to protein formation, reducing the available photoassimilates for fatty acid synthesis and, ultimately, limiting oil production capacity. The decrease in oil percentage observed in the most delayed planting dates is likely due to the increase in temperature during the seed filling stage and the reduction in net photosynthesis.
Mean comparison of the interaction between nitrogen fertilizer and planting date on camelina grain yield showed that applying 75% chemical fertilizer + biofertilizer nitrogen, compared to no nitrogen fertilizer, on planting dates of September 11, 2021, September 26, 2021, April 9, 2022, and April 24, 2022, increased grain yield of camelina by 80, 100, 150, and 190 percent, respectively.

The Findings show that in the Eghlid region, autumn-sown camellia out-yields spring-sown one. Additionally, by using a combination of 75% chemical fertilizer and nitrogen biofertilizer, a higher grain yield is achieved compared to using 100% nitrogen chemical fertilizer alone. Considering the importance of production of oilseed plants, like camellia, in Iran and the need for sustainable plant production programs, it appears that growth-promoting bacteria can play a significant role in reducing the need for nitrogen fertilizers.

In this article, with a historical approach, we will discuss the influence of the institution of religion on changing the minds of Turkish society and accepting development. The main issue is what are the characteristics of the institution of religion in contrast to reforms and modernization, which as an institution that has an impact on the heart of Turkish society, has facilitated the acceptance of modernization and the passing of tradition to some extent by the society, the main question of the present research is that How has the institution of religion prepared the Turkish society to accept modernization and modernity? The answer to the initial hypothesis is that the characteristics of the Hanafi religion (dominant religion in Turkey) with emphasis on the principle of approval and peace and tolerance with modernization have caused its easy acceptance by the Turkish society.The institution of religion as an independent variable and development as a dependent variable have been analyzed in this research based on social changes. And this research is based on the descriptive-analytical method and the use of library sources and documents. And in four parts, the theoretical framework, modernization and reforms from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic of Atatürk, the characteristics of the institution of religion (methods and religions) in Turkey in the face of modernization, the conclusion is organized.

Tourism is one of the indicators of social and economic development in accordance with its expected principles and foundations. The purpose of this research is sociological study and prioritization of social security indicators in the tourist areas of Kermanshah city.

This study was conducted with a quantitative approach, a descriptive-survey method, and a statistical population of 7,681 tourists in Kermanshah city in 1401, of whom 360 were randomly selected. Correlation, analysis of variance, and regression were used for data analysis and SPSS software was used for data processing.

The results show that the satisfaction with police presence (45/80), life and financial security (31/52), satisfaction with the treatment of local residents (25/85), comfort and health facilities (17/19), and communication security (15/54) are, respectively, the most important security indicators in the tourist areas of Kermanshah according to the respondents. The results of multiple regression show that the social class of tourists (T = 8.47), level of income (T = 7.325), marital status (T = 3/823), employment status (T = 3.321), ethnicity (T = 2.740) and gender (T = 2.085) explain the value of 0.545 of tourists' social security.

The safety of tourists is related to components such as satisfaction with the treatment of local residents, life and financial security, communication, the level of satisfaction with the presence of the police, regional amenities and health security, and planning for these components is possible with inter-departmental cooperation. It is necessary to provide suitable conditions in the country in order to gain our place in the world according to the capacities we have in the tourism industry.

Disasters are increasing all over the world and have affected people's lives. In many of these situations, gender inequalities limit the influence and control of women and girls in the decisions governing their lives. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the opportunities and challenges related to the resilience of marginalized women against different types of disasters.

In this review, in order to find related sources and studies, relevant articles, guidelines, manuals were extracted from January 2006 to March 2021. Searching in reliable scientific databases such as PubMed, Sid, Google Scholar, Scopus, science direct, Medline, Ovid, Web of knowledge with a combination of keywords women, resilience, social factors, marginalization, disasters and Latin terms, women, Resilience, Social Factors, Marginalization, Disasters, a targeted search was conducted in Persian and English languages.

From the total of 76 collected studies, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 articles that were related to the purpose of the study were examined. The results of the reviewed studies showed that a degree of social vulnerability during disasters is presented as a "double vulnerability" for women. Studies have shown that efforts to overcome the consequences of hazards through the mobilization and integration of social networks are necessary to address gender differences due to disasters. The GHROW method or Global Risk Resilience Box through Opportunity for Women is designed to empower marginalized women to act and improve outcomes for themselves, their families, and their communities.

Empowering women to promote disaster risk reduction and disaster resilience is very important for all societies, especially for marginalized societies. The participation of communities solves this problem and is a collective effect, and it is necessary to create resilience against disasters.

The main goal of this research is to know the status of student teachers' leisure time in order to achieve a sociological understanding of leisure time. In addition, knowing the lifestyle of student teachers (active, inactive) through the analysis of leisure time indicators (as the main variable of lifestyle identification based on Bourdieu's theoretical perspective) is the aim of this research. Leisure activities were divided into six categories: sports, religious, cultural, entertainment, family, and staying and resting at home and divided into active and inactive parts.The research was conducted with a survey method using a questionnaire and stratified random sampling method with proportional allocation in order to determine the sample size from the statistical population (all students and teachers of Farhangian University of Mashhad campuses). Validity based on the theoretical framework and referring to the opinion of experts (face validity) and reliability of Cronbach's alpha coefficient and data analysis from statistical tests of percentage, mean, comparison of means (analysis of variance), Anova, T test using software spss done. The research showed that the lifestyle of student teachers is inactive according to the results of the research.

This study was conducted to the Factors affecting the reduction of family overnight stays in today's urban life: the case study of the city of Islam Abade Gharb. This research was conducted with a quantitative approach and a descriptive survey method. The required data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of this study includes people aged 20 to 60 years living in the city of Islamabad Gharb with 90,559 people who were identified using the Cochran's formula, 312 people and their simple and cluster randomization method was studied. Formal validity was used for the validity of the research instrument and Cronbach's alpha was used to estimate its reliability. Most of the variables had an alpha level above 0.75. SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the data. The results of multivariate regression show that the beta coefficient for the IT and virtual world variables (Beta = 0.336), is the pivotal child (Beta = 0.240) and increases inflation and decreases purchasing power (Beta = 0.161). The results showed that the decrease in kinship relations among the citizens of Islamabad West is influenced by the three components of information technology and child-centeredness and the increase in inflation and the decrease in purchasing power.

What is said about the "world order" today is more about the political order and the order in the relations between the nations and the governments than the comprehensive order of civilization and the cultural order of the world. What Marshall Hodgson has sought in the book "Miracle of Islam" is to prove the order of Muslim civilization based on human-religious principles and with a moral and spiritual approach. The importance of Hodgson's idea is that he seeks to prove the effective role of religion as a spiritual matter for the connection between civilizational elements. The question that Hodgson seeks to answer is how religion and ethics can be a factor in the stability of the civilizational order. From Marshall Hodgson's point of view, the civilizational order of Islamic civilization started from religion as a divine and moral thing and has been extended until modern times based on human and moral standards. Hodgson pays attention to the humanistic methodology that the principles of civilization must be established based on the historical awareness of man, in which ethics and religion are the most important elements, and the goal of the moral order of civilization is to achieve world peace.

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine endows non-specific immunity against other respiratory tract infections (RTIs) such as Coronavirus. According to the lack of sufficient evidence in this field, the present study was to determine the correlation between BCG vaccination with frequency and the severity of the pandemic in Iran. This was a cross-sectional study. The study participants were comprised of all hospitalized patients with suspected coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in selected military hospitals in Tehran. Convenience sampling was also operated with regard to the inclusion criterion in the study. The data collection tool was a demographic-clinical information form. Also, checking the vaccination scar on the upper arm, interviewing, and asking patients or their companions to self-report the history of vaccination were the techniques to confirm BCG vaccination in the patients. The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics (v.22.0) software package. In this study, 400 patients completed the questionnaires. The results of this study showed that most of the patients were male. The mean age of the participants was 52.35±6.98 years. The majority of the participants were infected with COVID-19 and other underlying diseases. The test results showed no significant relationship between the history of BCG vaccination and COVID-19 infection, but a significant correlation was detected between BCG vaccination and the disease severity (P=0.015). The test results also showed a significant relationship between age and COVID-19 severity (P=0.034). A significant relationship was further spotted between the COVID-19 severity and the history of underlying diseases (P=0.031). Considering that BCG vaccine is one of the most common strategies applied across the world; it was suggested to use it to prevent severe types of respiratory tract infections. Future studies should be conducted on different types of human populations such as children and pregnant women.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a neurologic emergency condition that may arise as a result of the administration of potent psychotropic agents but it is not only antipsychotics alone that should be blamed for being behind the occurrence of this syndrome . This syndrome is characterized by fever and rigidity. Further symptoms include impaired consciousness, autonomic dysfunction, increased creatine kinase (CK), and leukocytosis. We report a case of a middle age woman with a past medical history of depression presented to the emergency room with alteration of mental status , neuromuscular hyper excitability, pyrexia, muscle rigidity and urinary incontinence following ingestion of clomipramine, a drug not noted for dopamine blockade. A firm diagnosis of NMS was made . After discontinue medication, therapy with Bromocriptine and Lorazepam was started. Within a few days, the patient improved significantly and CPK level returned to normal after 5 days.It is necessary to mention that the use of drugs other than antipsychotic agents can lead to NMS. Likely, the number of agents that can precipitate this syndrom will most probably increase by years.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the role of Sardar Soleimani's martyrdom on the unity and political awareness and participation of the people of Kermanshah. Quantitative research method and survey technique are the tools used in the questionnaire. The statistical population of citizens 20 years and older in Kermanshah in 1398 is equal to 1952434 thousand people and the sample size using Cochran's formula is equal to 384 people. Show regression coefficients; Political awareness (B = 0.492) and political unity (B = 0.354) have a higher weight of B, respectively. According to the findings of multiple regression, among all research variables, the political awareness variable with B = 0.564 has the most impact from the testimony of Sardar Soleimani. It can be concluded that the Iranian society, especially the studied society (citizens of Kermanshah) has been formed on the path of peace and reconciliation. The martyrdom of Haj Qasem Soleimani can act as a link between society and the government.

Considering that having professional ethics in the clinical area is an important principle for establishing communication between the clinical team and patients, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the adherence of medical interns of Jundishapur University of Ahvaz to the principles of clinical professional ethics.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 121 paragliding students of Jundishapur University in 2022. And the sampling method was done in a simple random way. In order to collect information, the Qasimzadeh standard professional ethics questionnaire was used, which has 16 questions in 8 dimensions. In this study, P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.

In the studied statistical population (56/2), 68 of them were men, 108 (89/3) were single, and 13 (10/7) were married. The average age was 24.20, in those who accepted the medical ethics course, the average total score and also in the two dimensions of justice and responsibility were higher than those who did not take this course (P=0.010). Agreeableness (6.8) got the lowest score and honesty dimension (7.9) got the highest score.

The statistical tests showed that the level of compliance with all the components of professional ethics in this research among medical trainees is strong, also the medical ethics course increases the level of professional ethics. As a result, by promoting professional ethics education, it is possible to increase the level of knowledge and compliance with this importance by students.

This study examines the relationship between people's awareness of citizenship rights and their desire for social participation, with an emphasis on citizens over 21 years of age in Kermanshah. The method used in this research is quantitative approach and in terms of practical purpose, it is a description of the survey type. The studied population is the citizens over 21 years of age of Kermanshah city, which according to the extent of the statistical population; 400 people were selected using SPSS Sample Power software and studied by cluster random sampling method. The tool for collecting information from the respondents is a researcher-made questionnaire, which is obtained using construct validity. The reliability is obtained using Cronbach's alpha technique. The data has been later analyzed using SPSS statistical software. The results show that the social participation rate of the respondents is 149.77 and the citizenship rights average is 80.53, which is compared to the expected citizenship rights average of 99. The correlation results show that there is a significant relationship between the level of awareness of citizenship rights in the dimension of civil rights, political rights, socio-economic dimension and group cultural rights with the desire for social participation. The results of the regression equation also show that the citizenship rights variable explains 0.31 of the changes in the dependent variable.