علی مرادی

For over 50 years, bone cement has been used to strengthen artificial joints like hip, knee, shoulder, and elbow joints. The main purpose of bone cement is to fill the space between the prosthesis and the bone. This absorbs the forces on the joint by creating an elastic area. Besides ensuring the long-term stability of the artificial implant, it also improves the damaged bone. Polymeric bone cement consists of a polymer matrix known as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and a liquid monomer called methyl methacrylate (MMA). When these two components are mixed, a free radical polymerization reaction occurs, leading to the cement's hardening at the place of use. The properties of bone cement, such as mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and handling characteristics, can be adjusted by combining the effective polymerization parameters. However, there are some challenges, such as heat generation during polymerization.
Ceramic bone cement is a composite material of ceramic particles dispersed in a polymer matrix, including calcium phosphate and calcium sulfate. The ceramic particles provide strength and bioactivity, while the polymer matrix enhances the transport properties of the cement. This combination results in a mechanically stable, bone-conductive, and biocompatible cement. Moreover, ceramic bone cement can be engineered to release therapeutic agents, such as antibiotics or growth factors, to prevent infection and foster bone regeneration. Ceramic bone cement is a promising alternative material for bone cement in joint replacement. However, more research and development are required to optimize the properties of bone cement and overcome the challenges associated with its use. With continued advancements in biomaterials, ceramic and polymer bone cement could revolutionize the field of orthopedic surgery and improve patient outcomes. Recent research has focused on developing new bone cement with improved properties like bioactivity, antibacterial activity, and drug delivery capabilities. These developments aim to enhance the performance of bone cement and remove the current limitations in orthopedic applications. In this review study, we will focus on the types of bone cement, their mechanical, biological, and structural properties, and how to optimize them.

This experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effect of seed coating with biochar and activated carbon on some quinoa seed germination indicators, and it was implemented as a factorial in the form of a completely randomized design with four replications in 2019, in Yasouj University's Faculty of Agriculture. The first factor is seed coating in four levels (no coating, coating with activated carbon, coating with biochar and coating with activated carbon + biochar) and the second factor includes salinity stress in four levels (zero, 75, 150 and 225 mM sodium chloride). The results of the interaction of salinity stress and seed coating showed that the highest content of soluble sugar (28.578 mg/g seed FW) and malondialdehyde (2.97 µmol/g seed FW) was obtained by coating with activated carbon in 150 mM salinity stress. Also, the highest amount of seed hydrogen peroxide (0.18 μmol/g seed FW) and proline (10.49 μmol/g seed FW) at the level of 225 mM sodium chloride was obtained by covering the seeds with biochar and active carbon, respectively. Covering seeds with activated carbon and biochar led to an increase in the length of root and shoot under salt stress conditions. However, under salinity stress conditions, root weight and length vigor index of seed improved more by coating seeds with activated carbon. It can be stated that seed coating can greatly reduce the harmful effects of osmotic stress on germination and biochemical traits in quinoa seedlings and improve seedling growth.

Dear Editor The purpose of this research is to familiarize professors and students of medical sciences with the concept of Balint groups. Michael Balint created the Balint groups in 1957 in order to better understand the relationships between family doctors and their patients (1, 2). According to Michael Balint, in addition to medical education, doctors should also have proper communication skills and characteristics with patients (2, 3). Balint groups are one of the effective methods to improve therapist-client relationships in the form of 90-minute sessions, held weekly to monthly, over several years (4, 5). Each Balint group consists of 6 to 10 members with one to two leaders or facilitators. In these groups, usually, one person presents the desired topic, which can be the condition of a patient, in a period of 3 to 5 minutes, and the desired topic is discussed for an hour or more. All topics discussed in the group are confidential, and the leader emphasizes creating a safe environment that is based on trust and acceptance. The members of the group take turns expressing their opinions on the topic, and finally, the group leader summarizes the opinions, and the final result is obtained (6). Doctors in these groups have meetings to discuss their performance, the psychological aspects of their work, and the relationship between the doctor and the patient (1, 7). One of the goals of Balint groups is to increase one's knowledge by reporting on one's patient, discussing the topic in a safe environment, finding one's mistakes due to the feedback of others, and correcting one's emotional experiences in relation to the patient. Balint group members reveal their innermost feelings and experiences in order to be able to talk about a topic. In this way, members share their content with other group members in a non-judgmental environment. The group members benefit from the feedback of others and compare their experiences with the contents of other colleagues (8). Group discussions about feelings have the benefit of making people more aware of their feelings, thus enabling them to analyze and organize their information. Emotions and feelings in clinical work can be useful for patients if they are tolerated and understood by the doctor (9). Due to the rapid development of technology, the improvement of educational methods, and attention to the needs of patients, the importance of the Balint group should be given more attention due to the change in demographic characteristics (1). As a result, Balint groups have gradually been emphasized in medical education (10). In Balint groups, with the participation of students, the duration is shorter than in normal Balint groups, and the leader may be more active in describing their experiences (11). The presence of students in Balint groups leads to the development of empathy skills among medical students (12). For example, students are placed in a real and uncomfortable clinical situation to observe their reactions and increase their empathetic abilities, thus becoming more patient-centered (12, 13). Studies show that doctors who were part of Balint groups during their student period have a higher sense of control and satisfaction in their work environment. Also, these groups improve the skills of giving bad news in students (11). By attending these classes, students can use the professors' experiences with problematic issues in dealing with patients, which they have not observed during their studies. Improving doctor-patient relationships, reducing job burnout, and managing stress and anxiety are other benefits of participating in Balint groups (1). Medical schools should create an environment for students that will lead to progress in their socialization process (14). Therefore, it is suggested that Balint groups be used to improve teacher-student relationships in medical education.

This research aims to identify and present strategies to promote the culture of participation of non-governmental organizations in the prevention of violent crimes in Hamadan city. This research is practical in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of approach. The statistical population of the research was formed by the police chiefs of Hamedan province and the sample size continued in a purposeful manner until theoretical saturation, which was 25 cases. Two library and field methods based on semi-structured interviews of experts have been used to collect the data. In order to analyze the data, thematic analysis method was used using MAXQDA software. The findings show that the greater the participation between non-governmental organizations and Faraja, the better the prevention of crime. Based on this, four general methods as strategies to promote the organization's culture of participation were recognized in the prevention of violent crimes in Hamedan city, as follows: 1- Awareness-oriented strategies with 20 indices (the theme of the organizer: awareness, training and promotion of people's organizations institution), 2- trust-oriented strategies with 26 indices (communication, inter-departmental and intra-departmental interaction, and trust building), 3- operational strategies with 40 indices (implementation of social plans, economic assistance, delegation authority and operational infrastructure), and 4- legal and law-oriented strategies with 19 indices (legal intervention and support and legal infrastructure).

Human salvation and redemption are among the most important topics that Islamic philosophers have addressed. Mulla Sadra, as a philosopher who is based on the religious and intellectual tradition of Shia, is looking for how to realize the salvation of man in the theological and philosophical system that he designs in the book of the Al Asfar AlArbaa. According to the studies done, we see that Mulla Sadra believes that the salvation of man depends on two components, which are: angels and the Prophet of Islam. This approach of Mulla Sadra leads to the conclusion that angels, according to their ontological and epistemological position in both scientific and practical fields, provide the two main wings of human salvation and identify the redeemed human identity and make man an angelic being. They make a change. At the same time, in the field of practical wing, we are faced with the two elements of transmission of revelation and general assistance to humans, which the role of the Prophet of Islam in the field of revelation is very visible and effective. According to Mulla Sadra, angels are in charge of creating a human identity, and salvation is the realization of the believer's scientific and practical perfection, which is achieved by connecting and uniting with the active intellect and practicing the Sharia. In this research, in an analytical-descriptive way and based on Mulla Sadra's works, we investigate the issue of what is the role of angels in the salvation of man in Mulla Sadra's thought and how is it achieved.

With the increase in population and improvement in diet diversity, there is a growing need for the quantitative and qualitative development of oil seeds. Camelina (Camelina sativa), an oil seed plant from the Brassicaceae family, is an ideal candidate as it contains 50 to 60% unsaturated fatty acids and omega-3 fatty acids, and has the ability to thrive in adverse environmental conditions. By introducing this new oil plant into cultivation programs, it can significantly contribute to the production of high-quality edible or non-edible oil in the developing countries such as Iran. However, achieving maximum grain yield and appropriate fatty acid composition in camelina oil relies heavily on selecting the appropriate planting date. Additionally, providing necessary nutrients, particularly nitrogen, to the plants is a key aspect of agricultural management to achieve desired quality and quantity of crop products. This research aims to investigate the impact of planting date and different levels of chemical and biological nitrogen fertilizers on the growth characteristics, yield, and oil content of camelina plants in the Eghlid, south of Iran.

This research was conducted in the cropping year of 2021-2022 at the Eghlid Agricultural Research Station in Fars province, south of Iran (Long. 52 42, Lat. 30 55, and Alt. 2375 m above sea level). The experiment was performed as a split-plot design based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots included different nitrogen fertilizers at four levels: 100% chemical nitrogen (250 kg/ha urea), 75% chemical nitrogen (187 kg/ha urea) + nitrogen biofertilizer, 50% chemical nitrogen (125 kg/ha urea) + nitrogen biofertilizer, and non-use of nitrogen fertilizer (control). The sub-plots included four planting dates: September 11, 2021, September 26, 2021, April 9, 2022, and April 24, 2022. The experimental plots (sub-plots) were determined to be 5 x 2 meters. Each plot consisted of 4 stacks with a distance of 50 cm between them. The distance between sub-plots was 50 cm, the distance between main plots was 150 cm, and the distance between replications (blocks) was 300 cm. On both sides of each stack, seeds were planted in two rows with a distance of 25 cm to achieve a density of 120 plants/m2. One-thirds of the urea nitrogen fertilizer was added to the plots of each treatment before planting, one-thirds at the 6-8 leaf stage, and the remaining third at the stemming stage of camelina. In the biofertilizer treatment, the camelina seeds were inoculated with biofertilizer containing Azotobacter sp. and Azospirillum sp. before being sown. The cumulative growth degree days of seedling emergence, flowering, and ripening, as well as plant height, chlorophyll index, grain yield, yield components and seed oil percentage were evaluated.

With delaying planting from September 11, 2021, to April 24, 2022, the GDD (Growing Degree Days) for camelina emergence decreased, additionally, a delay in planting led to a shorter growth period until full flowering of the camelina plants. Planting in September 26, 2021, led to the longest growth period until full maturity of the camelina plants, while spring planting resulted in a decreased length of the growth period until maturity. The highest plant height (43 cm) was achieved in the presence of 75% chemical fertilizer + biofertilizer nitrogen and the lowest (41 cm) was in the absence of nitrogen fertilizer application. The planting date of September 11, 2021 and April 24, 2022 showed the highest (43 cm) and lowest (37 cm) plant height of camelina. The decrease in plant height during the late planting date was primarily due to the decrease in internode elongation as a result of changes in day length and a shorter vegetative growth period. The highest chlorophyll index (66) was achieved by using 100% nitrogen chemical fertilizer, while the lowest chlorophyll index (52) was observed in the control, lack of fertilizer application. This trait decreased when the planting was delayed. The delay in planting led to a decrease in leaf area, resulting in a decrease in the chlorophyll index during the late planting date. No application of nitrogen fertilizer had the highest seed oil percentage (29.4%), while the application of 75% chemical fertilizer + biofertilizer nitrogen resulted in the lowest oil percentage (18.5%). The delay in planting from early autumn to late spring led to a decrease in the seed oil percentage. This decrease can be attributed to increase in nitrogen content, which promotes the formation of nitrogenous protein precursors. Consequently, more photoassimilates are allocated to protein formation, reducing the available photoassimilates for fatty acid synthesis and, ultimately, limiting oil production capacity. The decrease in oil percentage observed in the most delayed planting dates is likely due to the increase in temperature during the seed filling stage and the reduction in net photosynthesis.
Mean comparison of the interaction between nitrogen fertilizer and planting date on camelina grain yield showed that applying 75% chemical fertilizer + biofertilizer nitrogen, compared to no nitrogen fertilizer, on planting dates of September 11, 2021, September 26, 2021, April 9, 2022, and April 24, 2022, increased grain yield of camelina by 80, 100, 150, and 190 percent, respectively.

The Findings show that in the Eghlid region, autumn-sown camellia out-yields spring-sown one. Additionally, by using a combination of 75% chemical fertilizer and nitrogen biofertilizer, a higher grain yield is achieved compared to using 100% nitrogen chemical fertilizer alone. Considering the importance of production of oilseed plants, like camellia, in Iran and the need for sustainable plant production programs, it appears that growth-promoting bacteria can play a significant role in reducing the need for nitrogen fertilizers.

In this article, with a historical approach, we will discuss the influence of the institution of religion on changing the minds of Turkish society and accepting development. The main issue is what are the characteristics of the institution of religion in contrast to reforms and modernization, which as an institution that has an impact on the heart of Turkish society, has facilitated the acceptance of modernization and the passing of tradition to some extent by the society, the main question of the present research is that How has the institution of religion prepared the Turkish society to accept modernization and modernity? The answer to the initial hypothesis is that the characteristics of the Hanafi religion (dominant religion in Turkey) with emphasis on the principle of approval and peace and tolerance with modernization have caused its easy acceptance by the Turkish society.The institution of religion as an independent variable and development as a dependent variable have been analyzed in this research based on social changes. And this research is based on the descriptive-analytical method and the use of library sources and documents. And in four parts, the theoretical framework, modernization and reforms from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic of Atatürk, the characteristics of the institution of religion (methods and religions) in Turkey in the face of modernization, the conclusion is organized.

Tourism is one of the indicators of social and economic development in accordance with its expected principles and foundations. The purpose of this research is sociological study and prioritization of social security indicators in the tourist areas of Kermanshah city.

This study was conducted with a quantitative approach, a descriptive-survey method, and a statistical population of 7,681 tourists in Kermanshah city in 1401, of whom 360 were randomly selected. Correlation, analysis of variance, and regression were used for data analysis and SPSS software was used for data processing.

The results show that the satisfaction with police presence (45/80), life and financial security (31/52), satisfaction with the treatment of local residents (25/85), comfort and health facilities (17/19), and communication security (15/54) are, respectively, the most important security indicators in the tourist areas of Kermanshah according to the respondents. The results of multiple regression show that the social class of tourists (T = 8.47), level of income (T = 7.325), marital status (T = 3/823), employment status (T = 3.321), ethnicity (T = 2.740) and gender (T = 2.085) explain the value of 0.545 of tourists' social security.

The safety of tourists is related to components such as satisfaction with the treatment of local residents, life and financial security, communication, the level of satisfaction with the presence of the police, regional amenities and health security, and planning for these components is possible with inter-departmental cooperation. It is necessary to provide suitable conditions in the country in order to gain our place in the world according to the capacities we have in the tourism industry.

Disasters are increasing all over the world and have affected people's lives. In many of these situations, gender inequalities limit the influence and control of women and girls in the decisions governing their lives. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the opportunities and challenges related to the resilience of marginalized women against different types of disasters.

In this review, in order to find related sources and studies, relevant articles, guidelines, manuals were extracted from January 2006 to March 2021. Searching in reliable scientific databases such as PubMed, Sid, Google Scholar, Scopus, science direct, Medline, Ovid, Web of knowledge with a combination of keywords women, resilience, social factors, marginalization, disasters and Latin terms, women, Resilience, Social Factors, Marginalization, Disasters, a targeted search was conducted in Persian and English languages.

From the total of 76 collected studies, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 articles that were related to the purpose of the study were examined. The results of the reviewed studies showed that a degree of social vulnerability during disasters is presented as a "double vulnerability" for women. Studies have shown that efforts to overcome the consequences of hazards through the mobilization and integration of social networks are necessary to address gender differences due to disasters. The GHROW method or Global Risk Resilience Box through Opportunity for Women is designed to empower marginalized women to act and improve outcomes for themselves, their families, and their communities.

Empowering women to promote disaster risk reduction and disaster resilience is very important for all societies, especially for marginalized societies. The participation of communities solves this problem and is a collective effect, and it is necessary to create resilience against disasters.

This study was conducted to the Factors affecting the reduction of family overnight stays in today's urban life: the case study of the city of Islam Abade Gharb. This research was conducted with a quantitative approach and a descriptive survey method. The required data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of this study includes people aged 20 to 60 years living in the city of Islamabad Gharb with 90,559 people who were identified using the Cochran's formula, 312 people and their simple and cluster randomization method was studied. Formal validity was used for the validity of the research instrument and Cronbach's alpha was used to estimate its reliability. Most of the variables had an alpha level above 0.75. SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the data. The results of multivariate regression show that the beta coefficient for the IT and virtual world variables (Beta = 0.336), is the pivotal child (Beta = 0.240) and increases inflation and decreases purchasing power (Beta = 0.161). The results showed that the decrease in kinship relations among the citizens of Islamabad West is influenced by the three components of information technology and child-centeredness and the increase in inflation and the decrease in purchasing power.

What is said about the "world order" today is more about the political order and the order in the relations between the nations and the governments than the comprehensive order of civilization and the cultural order of the world. What Marshall Hodgson has sought in the book "Miracle of Islam" is to prove the order of Muslim civilization based on human-religious principles and with a moral and spiritual approach. The importance of Hodgson's idea is that he seeks to prove the effective role of religion as a spiritual matter for the connection between civilizational elements. The question that Hodgson seeks to answer is how religion and ethics can be a factor in the stability of the civilizational order. From Marshall Hodgson's point of view, the civilizational order of Islamic civilization started from religion as a divine and moral thing and has been extended until modern times based on human and moral standards. Hodgson pays attention to the humanistic methodology that the principles of civilization must be established based on the historical awareness of man, in which ethics and religion are the most important elements, and the goal of the moral order of civilization is to achieve world peace.

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine endows non-specific immunity against other respiratory tract infections (RTIs) such as Coronavirus. According to the lack of sufficient evidence in this field, the present study was to determine the correlation between BCG vaccination with frequency and the severity of the pandemic in Iran. This was a cross-sectional study. The study participants were comprised of all hospitalized patients with suspected coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in selected military hospitals in Tehran. Convenience sampling was also operated with regard to the inclusion criterion in the study. The data collection tool was a demographic-clinical information form. Also, checking the vaccination scar on the upper arm, interviewing, and asking patients or their companions to self-report the history of vaccination were the techniques to confirm BCG vaccination in the patients. The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics (v.22.0) software package. In this study, 400 patients completed the questionnaires. The results of this study showed that most of the patients were male. The mean age of the participants was 52.35±6.98 years. The majority of the participants were infected with COVID-19 and other underlying diseases. The test results showed no significant relationship between the history of BCG vaccination and COVID-19 infection, but a significant correlation was detected between BCG vaccination and the disease severity (P=0.015). The test results also showed a significant relationship between age and COVID-19 severity (P=0.034). A significant relationship was further spotted between the COVID-19 severity and the history of underlying diseases (P=0.031). Considering that BCG vaccine is one of the most common strategies applied across the world; it was suggested to use it to prevent severe types of respiratory tract infections. Future studies should be conducted on different types of human populations such as children and pregnant women.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a neurologic emergency condition that may arise as a result of the administration of potent psychotropic agents but it is not only antipsychotics alone that should be blamed for being behind the occurrence of this syndrome . This syndrome is characterized by fever and rigidity. Further symptoms include impaired consciousness, autonomic dysfunction, increased creatine kinase (CK), and leukocytosis. We report a case of a middle age woman with a past medical history of depression presented to the emergency room with alteration of mental status , neuromuscular hyper excitability, pyrexia, muscle rigidity and urinary incontinence following ingestion of clomipramine, a drug not noted for dopamine blockade. A firm diagnosis of NMS was made . After discontinue medication, therapy with Bromocriptine and Lorazepam was started. Within a few days, the patient improved significantly and CPK level returned to normal after 5 days.It is necessary to mention that the use of drugs other than antipsychotic agents can lead to NMS. Likely, the number of agents that can precipitate this syndrom will most probably increase by years.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the role of Sardar Soleimani's martyrdom on the unity and political awareness and participation of the people of Kermanshah. Quantitative research method and survey technique are the tools used in the questionnaire. The statistical population of citizens 20 years and older in Kermanshah in 1398 is equal to 1952434 thousand people and the sample size using Cochran's formula is equal to 384 people. Show regression coefficients; Political awareness (B = 0.492) and political unity (B = 0.354) have a higher weight of B, respectively. According to the findings of multiple regression, among all research variables, the political awareness variable with B = 0.564 has the most impact from the testimony of Sardar Soleimani. It can be concluded that the Iranian society, especially the studied society (citizens of Kermanshah) has been formed on the path of peace and reconciliation. The martyrdom of Haj Qasem Soleimani can act as a link between society and the government.

Considering that having professional ethics in the clinical area is an important principle for establishing communication between the clinical team and patients, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the adherence of medical interns of Jundishapur University of Ahvaz to the principles of clinical professional ethics.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 121 paragliding students of Jundishapur University in 2022. And the sampling method was done in a simple random way. In order to collect information, the Qasimzadeh standard professional ethics questionnaire was used, which has 16 questions in 8 dimensions. In this study, P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.

In the studied statistical population (56/2), 68 of them were men, 108 (89/3) were single, and 13 (10/7) were married. The average age was 24.20, in those who accepted the medical ethics course, the average total score and also in the two dimensions of justice and responsibility were higher than those who did not take this course (P=0.010). Agreeableness (6.8) got the lowest score and honesty dimension (7.9) got the highest score.

The statistical tests showed that the level of compliance with all the components of professional ethics in this research among medical trainees is strong, also the medical ethics course increases the level of professional ethics. As a result, by promoting professional ethics education, it is possible to increase the level of knowledge and compliance with this importance by students.

This study examines the relationship between people's awareness of citizenship rights and their desire for social participation, with an emphasis on citizens over 21 years of age in Kermanshah. The method used in this research is quantitative approach and in terms of practical purpose, it is a description of the survey type. The studied population is the citizens over 21 years of age of Kermanshah city, which according to the extent of the statistical population; 400 people were selected using SPSS Sample Power software and studied by cluster random sampling method. The tool for collecting information from the respondents is a researcher-made questionnaire, which is obtained using construct validity. The reliability is obtained using Cronbach's alpha technique. The data has been later analyzed using SPSS statistical software. The results show that the social participation rate of the respondents is 149.77 and the citizenship rights average is 80.53, which is compared to the expected citizenship rights average of 99. The correlation results show that there is a significant relationship between the level of awareness of citizenship rights in the dimension of civil rights, political rights, socio-economic dimension and group cultural rights with the desire for social participation. The results of the regression equation also show that the citizenship rights variable explains 0.31 of the changes in the dependent variable.

Complexity of environmental conditions, dynamism and uncertainty are among the signs of the new quantum age. The implementation of the quantum model makes organizations constantly changing, agile, and in which innovation and information flow freely.

In terms of quantitative nature, in terms of practical purpose and method of implementation, the present research was a descriptive correlational type structural equation method. The statistical population of this research was made up of all the employees of the education departments of Hamedan city, numbering 512 people. In order to collect data, three standard questionnaires of quantum skills of Mirsefian managers (2015), readiness of employees for organizational change by Graham (2006) and organizational agility by Sharifi and Zhanek (1999) were used. After collecting the data, they were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling by Spss and Lisrel software.

The findings of research hypotheses showed that the direct effect of quantum management skills on employees' readiness for organizational change is 0.76 and on organizational agility is 0.33 positive and significant. Also, the direct effect of employees' readiness for organizational change on organizational agility is 0.52 positive and significant. The indirect effect of quantum management skills through employees' readiness for organizational change on organizational agility is 0.39 positive and significant.

Employees' readiness for organizational change can increase the correlation between managers' quantum skills and organizational agility as a mediator. The 21st century requires a quantum worldview. It is suggested that the basics of quantum management skills be taught to the managers of education departments of Hamadan city and even school managers, so as to increase the readiness of employees for organizational change and consequently provide organizational agility.

With the spread of COVID-19 pandemic, different countries have implemented various intervention to control the disease. Providing information on how the disease spreads and local risk factors can help policymakers and managers to control the disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the spatial factors of Covid-19 disease in Hamadan province, Iran.

All cases of Covid-19 in Hamadan province from the beginning of the epidemic (Jan 2020) to the end of March 2021 with a confirmed diagnosis of Covid-19 disease based on PCR test were included in the study. The required information was collected through the Covid-19 case registration system in Hamadan University of medical science, other provincial institutions and the Statistics Center of Iran. Statistical analyzes were performed in two parts: descriptive and analytical. Zoning maps were used to show the distribution of disease cases. Getis-Ord G statistic was used in the analytical analysis to analyze the hot spots.

A total of 25197 patients suspected of Covid-19 were studied. Of these 10366 were positive based on PCR test. There were 1510 confirmed positive cases of the disease who died during the period of investigation. Population density, employment rate, development index, illiteracy rate, distance from the provincial center, air temperature, number of frosty days, average air humidity showed a significant relationship with the incidence of positive cases of Covid-19 in Hamadan province.

Based on the findings, the most important variables related to the increase in the death of covid-19 included the increase in population density and the level of development. The preparation of risk maps using GIS can help to plan a rapid response to the COVID-19 epidemic, focus on prevention programs in high-risk areas, and plan the necessary strategies appropriate to the epidemic trend to control COVID-19 and similar epidemics in the future.

Elections, as a political behavior, show a level of political participation in which every society and every individual participates based on their political understanding for support, reform and change, and leaves part of the people's will to the government in managing affairs. The current research was conducted with the aim of the role and performance of Ilam provincial network in introducing and analyzing the situation of candidates for the Islamic Council in the north of the province.The descriptive study method is a survey type and the data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire.In the Delphi section of the statistical community, 30 specialists were selected in a targeted manner, and in the citizen survey section, 21 years and older in 1401, based on the Sample Power software, 380 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling.Data were evaluated through SPSS software and with one-sample t-test and Kendall's test.The results show that the average score of the influence of radio and television in reducing the role of the tribe is 18.42, reducing advertising costs is 11.58, the ethics of candidates is 22.08, the reflection of the candidate's personality characteristics is 14.01, and in reducing party affiliation is equal to 83.18. It is inferred that the radio and television of the center of Ilam province played a decisive role in reflecting the programs of the candidates and the participation of the people in the elections; But in reducing the role of tribals, reducing advertising costs, specifying party affiliation and ethics in advertising, it has not performed well.

The purpose of this article is to investigate traffic police training in improving the cultural and social skills of drivers. The research method is developmental in terms of purpose and qualitative data type with exploratory approach and theme analysis. The community of participants included the managers and specialists of the institutions related to education in the field of traffic in Khuzestan province, which was 12 people using the purposeful sampling method and the principle of theoretical saturation. Data collection was done using semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed using thematic analysis in "MAXQDA" software. In the analysis of the data obtained from the interview, 12 main components including measures, legislations, policies, guarantee of training implementations, training and evaluation, behavioral and social areas, content training, media training e and virtual, social rights and duties, driving culture, culture and social orientation, compulsory education and intelligence. Finally, 7 variables, 10 components and 92 indicators were introduced. These variables included family-oriented, school-oriented and community-oriented programs and national media in the field of training police forces and responsibility, risk management and raising awareness among drivers, which all the models that are among the components of the variables The results obtained in the field of training of police forces and cultural and social driving skills were accepted. The results of the research confirmed that it is necessary for the traffic police to make policies and plans according to an organizational chart in order to train police forces and improve the cultural and social skills of drivers and to reduce traffic violations.

In this research, the components of police training and the cultural and social skills of drivers were identified, and the purpose of this article is to investigate the effectiveness of traffic police training on improving the cultural and social skills of drivers (Khuzestan province).

It is practical and correlational in terms of purpose. The statistical population included drivers and traffic police officers, according to Cochran's formula, 264 drivers and 277 warning writers were selected as samples. Data collection was done using a researcher-made questionnaire. Data analysis was done by "SPSS" and "Smart PLS" software.

Traffic police trainings have a positive and significant effect on improving the cultural and social skills of drivers in Khuzestan province, and the route coefficient is 0.870 and the t-statistic value is 65.390 for the drivers' questionnaire, and the route coefficient is 0.771 and the t-statistic value is 24.626 for the traffic police questionnaire. Traffic police trainings through family-oriented programs, school-oriented programs, national media, and social programs focused on improving the cultural and social skills of drivers in Khuzestan province had a positive effect and traffic police trainings in awareness, risk management, and social responsibility of drivers in the province. Khuzestan was effective and the value of t statistic and the corresponding path coefficient for these variables were obtained in the acceptable range.

Dimensions, components and indicators of family-oriented, school-oriented and community-oriented programs and national media have correlation and implementation priority in order to improve the state of responsibility, risk management and awareness among drivers.

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a common retinal disorder. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 2% dorzolamide eye drops in accelerating the recovery from acute CSCR.

This single-blind non-randomized clinical trial included a total of 45 patients with acute CSCR. The case group (26 people who received 2% Dorsolamide eye drops twice a day for three weeks) and the control group (19 people) were studied. CSCR improvement rates were evaluated and compared by fundoscopic examination and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images before and three weeks after the intervention.

The two groups were homogeneous in terms of age, sex, and baseline visual acuity. Patients in Dorzolamide group showed a significant reduction in central macular thickness as measured by OCT for both the right (-180.36±152.74 µm, p<0.001) and left (-161.87±144.08 µm, p=0.004) eyes compared to control group. Moreover, 84.6% of patients in Dorzolamide group and 21% in the control group recovered from CSCR. CSCR recurred in two male patients in the control group, while no relapse was observed in Dorzolamide group within one month following treatment.

Our findings suggest that the use of 2% Dorzolamide eye drops twice daily for three weeks significantly reduces central macular thickness, disease duration, one-month recurrence, and the need for laser treatment in patients with CSCR.

Background and aim:

Lifestyle and personal habits have a special effect on the occurrence of cancer. Obesity, inactivity, unhealthy diet, water, air and food pollution and chronic viral infections are the main risk factors in the occurrence of all types of cancers. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the lifestyle of patients with stomach cancer, focusing on their nutritional habits.

In this review study, to search and find available articles, from searching in national and international databases including Pubmed, Google scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, SID, Magiran and from the keywords of stomach cancer, nutritional habits, style Life and risk factors were used. The inclusion criteria included studies related to the subject in Persian and English, publication date between 2000 and 2022, and access to the full text of the articles. After checking the quality of the articles using prisma guidelines and inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 articles were finally selected and their results were reviewed.

There is a direct relationship between nutritional behaviors and the risk of contracting various types of cancers, and on the other hand, adopting appropriate nutritional behaviors and lifestyle plays an important role in preventing the disease. Consuming too much protein, fat, salt or meat increases the risk of stomach cancer. Contrary to a diet rich in fiber, vegetables and fruits play an important role in preventing stomach cancer.

Increasing awareness about stomach cancer and education about its risk factors is of great importance. Knowing the determinants of healthy nutrition, especially from the point of view of people who have direct experience in this field, plays an important role in designing intervention programs to promote healthy nutrition; Therefore, researches that can provide programs to improve the nutritional pattern of the society by relying on the real conditions and needs of the people are among the health priorities of today's society.