علیرضا ایلدرمی

In this research, the flood-blocking nodes of the drainage network in Khako (Faqira-Khidr) urban basin of Hamedan were measured and evaluated using the SWMM model. The results showed that the infiltration and runoff height of the project in the SCS method are equal to 50.86 and 16.14 mm, respectively, and this indicates that the SCS method is a more accurate assessment of the infiltration and runoff values ​​for the Hamadan urban watershed. and has an acceptable efficiency. The results show that out of the total rainfall of 120 mm, 33 mm is related to infiltration losses and 87 mm is related to surface runoff, and the flow volume is equal to 2.41 million cubic meters, which is 1.98 1 million cubic meters is related to Faqireh sub-basin and 0.43 million cubic meters is related to Khizr sub-basin. According to the efficiency coefficient of NS, which is calculated as 0.66 for the peak discharge and 0.73 for the flood volume, and these numbers are acceptable. The results showed that the highest volume of rainfall runoff of the project with 1.28 million cubic meters is related to Faqirah sub-basin due to the physical development of Hamedan city in recent years in this sub-basin and the lowest amount with 0.46 million cubic meters is related to the sub-basin. It is Khedrkhako. The results of this research showed that residential uses have the largest share in the flood potential of the study area.

Due to the lake of water resources, rivers are known as the most important sources of water supply for various purposes. Gamasiab River is one of the largest sources of water supply for drinking, agriculture and industry in Kermanshah, Iran. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the water quality of Gamasiab River using different indicators. For this purpose 15 stations along the Gamasiab River in 2018 were selected. Different parameters of nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, potassium, sodium, electrical conductivity, pH and total dissolved solids were measured in spring and summer. The results of the WQI index were calculated using the WHO global standard. Due to the results, WQI index in the spring and summer have been estimated 9/16 and 3/16, which were less than WHO standard and placed in the highest category of drinking water quality. Assessing WAWQI index indicated high Quality of water in the spring season for drinking, irrigation and industry (21.29), Also, the results of the WAWQI index categorized Gamasiab River in good level for drinking, irrigation and industry (27.09). According to the results of the NPI index in the spring season with a value of -0.91 and in the summer season with a numerical value of -0.9, the water of the Gamasiab River is in the clean and unpolluted category in terms of nitrates. The results of Wilcox's classification for electrical conductivity in different stations showed that in spring and summer in all stations, water salinity is average and its quality is good.

The health of the river basin is determined by the health of its ecosystem to provide important and valuable resources and services for human use and the basin itself. However, the changes in the land use pattern, which is an effective reflection of anthropic activities, have greatly disturbed the health of the river and are the main driver of water quality reduction. Examining the relationship between land use patterns and river water quality provides an important basis for water quality safety and effective land use management. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the influence of land use patterns on surface water quality based on the water quality monitoring data and land use data from 38 sampling points in the sub-basin of the Maroon River.

In order to sample from the study area, first, the boundary of the sub-basin of the maroon river was determined, and then the sub-basin was divided into different smaller sub-basins using the hydrological analysis tool in ArcGIS software, and the map of waterways in the region was also prepared. Then, sampling stations were selected from the exit point of each of these sub-basins in the main sub-basin area. In order to measure the water quality parameters of the studied area, sampling was done from 38 monitoring stations in the sub-basins in triplicates in the spring of 2023. The land use map was prepared using Landsat satellite images to evaluate the changes and the impact of land use patterns on the water quality status of the Maroon River sub-basin. Then, using geographic information system and multivariate statistical techniques, the effects of land use on river water quality in the Maroon sub-basin were estimated. In addition, in order to evaluate the quality of river water in different sub-basins, water quality data was analyzed using the water quality index (WQI).

The results of the evaluation of the distribution of land use patterns showed that the use of pasture is the dominant use in the sub-basin of the Maroon River and the water quality parameters exhibited significant changes in the stations covered by agricultural and forest use. The results of correlation analysis and linear regression of water quality parameters and land use patterns in the Maroon River sub-basin showed that agricultural land has a negative relationship with pH and DO parameters and a positive relationship with parameters ,  and Ca2+, forest land has a positive correlation with DO and a negative correlation with , and urban land also showed a negative correlation with DO. WQI values in different monitoring stations were estimated between 73.80 and 288.73 which showed that the health level of the river upstream of the sub-basin was better than downstream. In general, based on the WQI classification, 62.5% of the water quality of the Maroon River sub-basin was in the "poor" class, 25% in the "very poor" class, and 12.5% in the "good" class.

The findings of the research showed that agricultural land was the key factor affecting the water quality parameters and as a result the decrease in water quality in the sub-basin of the Maroon River, so limiting the discharge of runoff from agricultural activities is critical for improving water quality in the study area. This study highlights the importance of LULC changes in water quality for making informed decisions on proper watershed planning and management.

In this researchlandslide sensitivity was zoned using statistical models intheKurdistan Dam watershed and the most appropriatemodel was introduced.First, the studied area was determined and with field observations, the number of 9 landslides was recorded and a landslide distribution map was prepared. In the next step, the factors affecting the occurrence of landslides including geology, rainfall, land use, distance from the river, distance from the fault, slope and height were identified and then a map of these factors was prepared. To determine the rateof each of the effective factors in the occurrence of landslides, the map of each information layer of the effective factors is integrated with the distribution map of the landslide and using AHP, BWM and FUCOM statistical modelsseparate information layers are weighted and By overlapping different layers, the final landsliderisk zoning mapswere prepared and compared.The results showed that land use in AHP and BWM methods and rainfall lines, in addition to land use inFUCOM method have the greatest effect and the criteria of heightdistance from the fault and slope respectively in the three AHP, BWM and FUCOM methods have the least effect on the occurrence of landslidestheresults showed that the lithological variable has a great role on the occurrenceof landslides in the studied area.In generalthe results showed that in AHP and BWM methods, the numberof required pairwise comparisons increases significantly with the number of compared parameters, and in this case, the uncertaintyof opinions increases, which shows the superiority of the FUCOM method over It showswell in other ways.

Today, one of the most important environmental problems around the world, especially in aquatic ecosystems, is heavy metals pollution. Due that sediments are the main source of heavy metals, in this study, Gamasiab River sediments were evaluated for heavy metal contamination of chromium, copper, nickel, zinc, iron and manganese. After layering, the results were interpolated by two methods of kriging and Inverse Distance. Moller Index, Ecological risk Index and numerical parameters were used to assess the range of sediment pollution. Results of Moller index in spring showed no pollution. Also in summer it indicated no pollution for all metals except Ni. Results of RI categorized level of Heavy metal concentration in low contamination. Using RI plans, zoning plans and Hot Spot analysis indicated that the concentration of heavy metals in east of Gamasiab river in spring is higher than summer and it is showed that spots with high concentration in summer are located in west of Gamasiab river.

One of the factors that sometimes leads to the complete destruction of vineyards is the danger of temperatures below zero degrees Celsius. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature hazards on the destruction of the western and northwestern vineyards of Iran.The results show that the most frequent days with a devastating cold wave in the region's vineyards occur on average on January 14 (January 25th). The lowest critical temperature among meteorological stations is related to Saghez weather station in Kurdistan province with negative 33 ° C and afterwards, Hamadan, Bostanabad and Sarab cities with record temperatures below 30 ° C. The cities of the study area are. The results showed that 60% of the studied cities with all available Iranian and foreign cultivars could survive the cold season without the threat of severe winter cold conditions.

Sustainable quality of rivers water has become one of the main concerns in developing countries, so monitoring the water quality of these resources for various uses is essential to formulate a public health and environmental management policy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the water quality of Karun and Dez river systems in Khuzestan province and to analyze the suitability of their water quality for drinking and agricultural purposes. To this end, various techniques, indicators and statistical analyzes are used to evaluate spatio-temporal changes in the interpretation of large and complex datasets of 12 water quality parameters collected from the Karun and Dez river basins over a period of 17 years (2003-2019).Evaluation of the trend of water quality changes in the study period also showed that according to WQI, the water quality of Karun and Dez rivers from 2003 to 2007 are in the category of "very poor"and "poor", and from 2008 to 2018 in the "unsuitable" and "very poor"category, respectively. Regarding irrigation parameters, the lack of a clear trend in their values can indicate the lack of effect of river water quality from natural factors and their obedience with human factors. Overall, this study highlights the importance of using water quality indicators that provide a simple interpretation of monitoring data to help improve water quality, because based on these indicators and PCA, it can be concluded that related human activities along the banks of the Karun and Dez rivers, especially in recent years, affect their water quality.

Many of the environmental problems are caused by the changes in the main components of the hydrological cycle. However, water balance modeling can help to better understanding the components of the hydrological cycle in order to develop appropriate management options. The purpose of this study is to calculate three important components of surface water balance using the WetSpass model and evaluate the model in Hamadan-Bahar Watershed located in Hamadan Province on a monthly time scale. The results of the model evaluation in the study showed that the coefficient of determination between the observed and simulated runoff in the calibration and validation period is equal to 0.79 and 0.83, respectively. Groundwater nutrition assessment was also performed according to manual calculations of the variable for 2012-2013. Then, the results of Kramer correlation coefficient between spatial distribution maps of runoff, actual evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge were investigated with input maps of the model. In general, due to the importance of evapotranspiration in water balance calculations, the evaporation and transpiration maps of the model were evaluated separately for different uses. The evaluation results confirmed the capability of the WetSpass model in simulating runoff, evapotranspiration and groundwater feeding with an acceptable accuracy. The results of spatial distribution maps of runoff, actual evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge indicate a high correlation between evapotranspiration component with land use (0.54), soil texture (0.45), evapotranspiration potential (0.42) and temperature (0.31). Also, these results indicate a high correlation between runoff components with land use (0.62) and soil texture (0.58), and average correlations between groundwater recharge component with land use (0.32) and soil texture (0.34). Therefore, land use and soil texture were the first and second factors affecting the distribution of surface balance components, respectively.

In the last decade, the use of fractal analysis to quantitatively describe the geomorphological and hydrological watersheds has increased and the main purpose of most of these studies is to find a mathematical relationship between the geomorphological characteristics of the basin and issues such as erodibility of formations and segregation of geological units. Alimoradi et al. (2015), in calculating the fractal dimension of geological formations and examining its relationship with the sensitivity of formations, showed that there is a significant relationship between fractal number and the sensitivity of basin formations to erosion. Barzegari Dehj et al. (2019) in comparing the dimensionless index of drainage network density and fractal dimension of drainage network in the separation of lithological units of Taft watershed, Yazd, concluded that the drainage network density technique compared to the fractal dimension of drainage network technique in identifying and Separation of geological units of the region has provided excellent results. Donadio et al. (2014) compared three rivers from a fractal point of view of the hydrographic model and concluded that the relationship between tectonics and erosion is very high with the fractal dimension number. Hui et al. (2017) in examining the relationship between fractal dimension of drainage network and evolutionary stages of erosion of China Yellow Basin showed that fractal values of drainage network have a positive and linear relationship with sediment delivery and runoff values of the basin.

Alvand mountain massif of Hamedan is located in the division of tectonic units of Iran in the structural zone of Sanandaj-Sirjan, which extends parallel to the Zagros rotation. The purpose of this study is to determine the fractal dimension of the drainage network and to investigate its relationship with geomorphological patterns and the sensitivity of geological landslides to erosion in the northern slopes of Alvand Hamedan. In this study, four geological units including granite, chlorite hornfels, marl limestone and sterolized schist were first selected using Google Earth software, geological map of the area and satellite images and field visits. Then, in each geological unit, 2 plots of 2*2 km were determined and their fractal dimensions were calculated using Fractalyse software. After calculating the fractal dimension and determining the sensitivity of each formation, the relationship between the fractal dimension and the formations was investigated by Pearson test and the correlation value.

The results showed that the highest amount of fractal dimension is related to chlorinated Hornfels Formation with 1.33, marl limestone 1.31, sterolized schist 1.27 and Alvand granite 1.22, respectively. Examination of the coefficient and deviation angle data in each of the geological units shows that these values are somewhat high in the fractal dimension technique of the drainage network. So that the deflection angle is 1.909 in sterolized schist, 1.555 in granite, 1.528 in Hornfels and 1.171 in marl limestone. Studies show that the computational values of the fractal dimension of the drainage network are very good and in the amount of 0.99 and indicate the good performance of the fractal dimension technique for identifying and separating the geological units of the region. Due to the proximity of the coefficient of determination in the fractal dimension technique of drainage network density to 1, low deflection angle and proximity of its computational figures to zero, the fractal dimension technique of drainage network is the best and most appropriate technique for separating geological units in the study area. Studies show that in formations with more sensitivity than resistant formations, more changes occur in drainage density and their fractal dimension is more. Regression analysis of fractal dimension values and numerical index of abrasion resistance of the studied formations shows that the value of R2 is equal to -0.835 and shows a high correlation and significant relationship between the fractal dimension and the numerical index of erosion resistance and indicates that As the strength of formations increases, their fractal dimension decreases.

The results showed that the fractal dimension technique of drainage density is the best and most appropriate technique for identifying and separating the geological units of the study area. Studies show that in formations with more sensitivity than resistant formations, more changes occur in drainage density and their fractal dimension is more. The results of Pearson test and the correlation value (-0.828) of the data indicate that there is a significant and inverse relationship between the strength of formations and their fractal dimension, ie with increasing the resistance of formations to erosion, their fractal dimension decreases and Therefore, drainage density is also low. The results of ANOVA statistical analysis show the significance of the whole model, the relationship and the effect of the two variables of sensitivity of the formations and their fractal dimension at the level of 0.000 significant and in reverse. Therefore, according to the acceptable results, using this technique, the type of formations and their sensitivity to erosion can be separated and examined with acceptable accuracy.

The hydrographic network system in a watershed is a function of structural, lithological and topographic factors that are of particular importance in the management of natural resources. The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of two methods without quantification of quantitative parameters in geomorphology including drainage network density and their fractal dimension in the separation of surface geological formations in the northern slopes of Alvand Hamedan. First, by examining the geological map of the region and satellite images of Earth Google and field observations, four geological units including Alvand granite, chlorite hornfels, marl limestone and sterolized schist were selected and in each unit 2 plots of 2 * 2 km were randomly selected. Systematic installation and drainage network and their fractal dimension were calculated using Fractalyse and ArcGIS software and then, QQ diagram, deviation angle and determination coefficient were used for validation. The results show that the validation ratio in both techniques is very good and similar and between 0.97 to 0.99 and indicates the good performance of both techniques to identify and separate geological units. However, considering the QQ diagrams and the proximity of the coefficient determination numbers in the drainage network density technique to 1, plus the low deviation angle and proximity of its computational figures to zero, the results show that the technique without dimensioning the drainage density compared to the fractal dimension technique Drainage network is the best and most appropriate technique for identifying and separating geological units in the study area.

In recent years, the necessity of using numerical multiphase models to separate and simulate bed sediments and suspended loads of rivers has received much attention. Most numerical models of sediment transfer of bed load and suspended load are examined separately and semi-experimental methods are usually used to predict bed load. Although these methods have been widely used, they do not show the details of the mechanisms controlling the sediment transport process well and in turn have problems (Oda 2019). Today, quasi-two-dimensional mathematical models are widely used as an optimal and efficient solution in hydraulic issues of flow and sedimentation of rivers. In these models, velocity changes across rivers are simulated by numerical solution of Navier-Stokes differential equations under steady and uniform flow conditions (Zahiri et al., 2015). Lai et al. (2019) in the study of flow and sediment transfer capacity with a three-dimensional model using the governing equations of flow and suspended sediment, showed that the model has a good agreement between flow and sediment with experimental data.

Ekbatan Dam watershed is located in the southeast of Hamadan city and is below the Qarachai river basin of Hamadan. In this research, the second-order discretization method of the Fluent model to separate the bed and suspended load from Reynolds stress numbers to determine the motion threshold and to analyze the motion pattern and sedimentation of sediment particles in different flow tubes in the laboratory glass channel, from soft Fluent and Acobas software were used. Then, the results of Flont model were evaluated and calibrated with the measured data in the laboratory glass channel. In this way, fine sand and silt particles were placed in the laboratory glass channel in a flow path with a speed of 0.5 m / s and the distance traveled. It was measured by a camera with a very high frame connected to the recording channel and with the output animation of Acobas software. In the next step, the simulated data of Flont model were matched with the data measured in the laboratory and the error percentage was measured. Finally, the appropriate mathematical model for the amount of displacement of different sediment particles was determined based on the particle diameter and the location of sediment particles in the flow path, the distance traveled by different sediment particles in the laboratory flume.

The simulation results showed that most of the sediment load of fine sand and silt in the laboratory channel is carried by the Soffman lifting force in the second flow tube. And the performance of this force has caused the transport of most sediment load in the form of suspended load in the Yelfan River. The simulation results showed that after the passage of 0.2 m from the beginning of the flow in the channel, the sedimentation process begins and the accumulation of sediments increases with the continuation of the flow downstream and near the reservoir of the dam. Studies show that due to the presence of isothermal lines and creating a constant flow and velocity in the second flow tube, the suspended sediment load is transported in the riverbed throughout the year to the dam reservoir and the main volume of the reservoir during this process by fine sand sediments and The silt is filled. The study of the measured error percentage indicates the high agreement of the Fluent model with the data measured in the laboratory and shows that the model has a very good ability and accuracy in simulating the movement of sediment particles with different diameters.

The use of multiphase and multiphase models in the analysis of sediment transport by considering suspended particles as a second phase continuous with the fluid phase interaction seems very necessary. Evaluation of the obtained results shows that Flont software with very high and acceptable accuracy has well simulated the transport, transfer and sedimentation of sediments with a range of different ranges. This is important in the sense that the fluent model has high efficiency and accuracy in the study and evaluation of suspended sediments such as fine sand and silt, which in most studies due to the fine grain of these sediment particles, difficult to study and Or not possible. Examination of the percentage of measured error for laboratory and simulated data shows the high agreement of Flont model with data measured in laboratory conditions and the correlation between laboratory results and Fluent model is more than 97%, which is acceptable. Therefore, the combination of Fluent model and laboratory conditions can be a very useful and accurate tool to simulate the movement of sediment particles, determine the location of sedimentation, control erosion and sedimentation and select soil conservation and watershed management projects in river basins.

The purpose of this study is to simulate and sedimentation status of Ebro River of Ekbatan Dam in Hamedan using GSTARS 2.1 mathematical model.For this purpose, they measure the hydrodynamic part of the sediment from the water and hydrometry of the measuring station Ebro and data on water level cultivar changes in 2006 and cross-sectional geometric data collected in 2006 and 2019 and sediment transport equations in 13-year production period have been used.Studies show that the cross section of the river is changing from V-shaped to U-shaped from 2005 to 2019..Examination of sedimentation rate during 13 years (2006-2019) shows that the cross-sectional level of the river is about 24.6 cm and using Wyang's sedimentary relationships changed by 22.8 and 20.2 cm, respectively, which indicates a good agreement of the model in the evaluation and Simulation of cross-sectional change due to erosion and sedimentation.Studies show that the values of slope and velocity in the middle of the study area are less than the beginning and more than the end, so the amount of sediment in the middle is more than the beginning and less than downstream of the region.It is recommended to use FLUVIAL 12 and HEC-RAS methods to select and apply the most practical method.

Today, tourism is considered as one of the most important activities in the world, and it has high potential in generating foreign currency incomes and creating jobs. According to the definition, ecotourism is a responsibly journey to natural areas that protect the environment and improve the lives of local people. Despite having the necessary potential in tourism in Iran, it has not succeeded in attracting tourists. The first step towards achieving tourism development in the country is identifying, assessing, and introducing the existent potentials and capabilities to provide development opportunities with comprehensive knowledge and planning. Dorud is one of the unparalleled regions in Lorestan province due to the availability of sufficient water resources that can be a good place for water resource recreation. Unfortunately, despite these tourist attractions, there has not yet been an organized approach to land use planning that takes into account these natural talents of the region for water tourism. According to the mentioned issues, the present study intends to use a multi-criteria evaluation to identify and zonate suitable areas of water tourism, and its purpose is to properly plan the tourism with environmental considerations and prioritize these areas in the Dorud city.

Dorud is situated in Lorestan Province. It is located between latitudes 33°16'-33°44'N and longitudes 48°47'-49°19'. In this study, by investigating the factors influencing the zoning of tourism-prone areas, Dorud region has been zoned based on multi-criteria evaluation model. Multi-criteria evaluation is a structured process for defining goals, formulating criteria, evaluating, and solving decision problems. In this study, the criteria was detemined based on the criteria of the ecotourism national document, the criteria of the ecological potential assessment, and the ecotourism criteria in the protected areas. After the preparation of the criteria maps, it is necessary to standardize the maps that have different ranges and scales. In this research, Fuzzy and Boolean methods were used to standard the scales. In order to fuzzy the criteria maps, the pixels are ranked based on the membership degree in the fuzzy range from 0 to 255, and high degree of membership indicate more desirability of pixels for tourism. In the Boolean method, zero values are inappropriate areas, and values of one indicate suitable areas for development. In order to weigh the criteria, the pairwise comparison method was used in the form of analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and then the maps were combined using the weighted linear combination method. Then, in order to prepare the final suitable map, it is necessary to extract the zones, which have 70% suitability and have more than 5 hectares. Finally, suitable zones for recreation prioritized by TOPSIS model.

In this research, the effective environmental criteria were considered as informational layers in water recreation zoning. Criteria were taken with two views: one for water recreation in lotic water resources, and the other on flowing water resources. The effective environmental criteria in water recreation zoning classified in 5 criterion groups involved physical, ecological, fundamental, safety, and social-economic and 27 sub criterion for water recreation in Lotic water resources, and 26 sub criterion for water recreation in lentic water resources. At this step, due to the difference in the type of tourism recreation in lotic and flowing water resources, two types of utility maps for the flowing water resources (waterfall and rivers) and the latic water recources (mineral fountain, dam, water reservoirs, sarab, lakes and wetlands) were prepared. Then, in order to zoning the area, the final raster layer was classified into four categories based on the suitability of the land. Thus, the first categort with high potential (the suitability of more than 150), the second category with the average potential (the suitability of 110 to 150), the third category with the weak potential (the suitability of 50 to 110), and the forth category without suitability (0 to 50) were considered. In the next step, the first category was considered as the best class for the water recreation, and extracted from the suitable map. Based on the performed classification, 8.47% of the area has high potential for recreation in flowing water resources, and 10.28% of the area has high potential for recreation in latic water resources. Finally, six suitable zones in each of the recreations were selected, and tourism zones were prioritized according to the TOPSIS method.

The results of criteria weighting for latic water resources showed that distance from lake, wetland, sarab, dam and water reservoirs are the most important criteria in suitable recreation areas. In addition, the results of the combination of AHP and TOPSIS in water resources showed that the slope and depth with a weight of 0.182 and, 0.173, respectively are the most important indicators in this model, respectively. Consequently, results showed that Merok dam, Mahi hamyane Sarab and pond, Heshamatabad 2 pond zones respectively have highest preferences for water recreation in lotic water resources. In relation to the tourism recreation in flowing water resources, weighting criteria shows that distance from the river, slope and height are the most important. In addition, the results of the AHP and TOPSIS combination in flowing water resources show that the slope, water speed, and water volume with a weight of 0.191, 0.171, and 0.140 are three important indicators in this model, respectively. As a result, Sezar River, Gaharrood 1 and Gaharrood 2 have highest preferences for water recreation flowing water resources. The proposed zones in this research were determined based on ecological and socio-economic criteria that indicate the high capability of the zones for this type of recreation. Of course, in order to implement tourism goals, further studies are needed in areas such as determining the ecological capacity of the region, soil erodibility and so on.

Kurdistan dam watershed with an area of 120.15 km2is located in the northeast of Saqez city.The purpose of this study is to analyze the tectonic activity of the basin and the relationship between faults and landslide risk using the information value model. First, the region is divided into 15 sub-basins using ArcHydro software and morphotectonic indexes including Stream Length Gradient Index (SL), Asymmetric Factor (AF), Hypsometric Integra (Hi), Transverse Topographic Symmetry Factor (T) and basin shape ratio (Bs) are calculated and the results are calculated. Their evaluation was evaluated with active tectonics index (IAT). In order to evaluate the relationship between faults and landslide risk, first a map of faults and maps of factors affecting landslides were prepared by processing satellite images of Landsat 8 sensor and ENVI software and field observations. Then, using the information value model, landslide hazard map of the basin was prepared and combined with the fault map and the relationship between faults and landslide risk in ArcGIS. 10.3 environment was reviewed. The results of calculating the relative active tectonics indices show that 77.77% of the basin is tectonically active in the active class and in the information value model 55.55% of the occurrence of landslides is in the range of high instability risk. Distance coefficients from faults in both positive models and most landslides occurred at a distance of less than 1000 meters and due to active tectonics there is a significant relationship between faults and areas with high landslide risk in the basin. The results showed that the information value model has better performance for landslide risk zoning. In general, diversity of lithology, topography, abundant national and local faults and climatic conditions can be mentioned as the most important factors in the occurrence and distribution of landslides.

One of the quantitative and experimental methods that has been used by researchers in recent decades to study the relationship between drainage network and hydrograph forms is the use of fractal dimension. Some hydrogeological and morphometric parameters of watersheds that have a special geometric shape can be studied more accurately with fractal geometry and by calculating the fractal dimension of each of the characteristics of the river basin, new parameters can be prepared for watersheds that can Explain more features of watersheds in terms of flooding, erosion, runoff estimation, and sediment. (Ildoromi et al. 2019).Mohammadi Khoshoei et al. (2020) Comparing fractal dimension and geomorphological features in Aqda watershed management showed that there are significant relationships between fractal dimensions of basin shape and drainage network with geomorphological features, and the highest correlation coefficient belongs to regression relationships. Drainage network can be seen between the total length of the drainage network and the fractal dimension Dutta et al. (2014) in the study of glacial landforms in Himalia using multi-fractal analysis showed that with fractal analysis, landforms created by different processes can be separated. Hui et al. (2017) in examining the relationship between the fractal dimension of the drainage network and the evolutionary stages of erosion of the China Yellow Basin showed that the fractal values of the drainage network have a positive and linear relationship with the sediment delivery and runoff values of the basin. The purpose of this study is to find relationships for concentration of time based on the fractal dimension by producing a fractal triangular unit hydrograph under the basins of the River basin kalan Malayer in Hamadan province.

The Kalan Basin is located in the branches of Karkheh watershed.In this study, to extract the geomorphological parameters of the watershed from the GIS, DEM map, elevation difference, basin slope, flow direction layers, cumulative flow direction, flow length layers and streams categories and river chanal map, River Networks length the original was extracted and prepared for each sub-basin. In this research, the results of fractal dimension by box counting method, the results of drawing NRCS triangular unit hydrograph, the results of drawing fractal unit hydrograph, the results of comparing NRCS unit hydrograph and fractal unit hydrograph in all sub-basins kalan has been validated and the relationship between river basin concentration of time and its fractal properties has been evaluated based on computational error including peak flow error rate (CFS), peak time error percentage (Hr), and base time error percentage (Hr). The sub-basin hydrograph has been modified.

The results show that the greater the difference in basin height, the less the agreement between the NRCS unit hydrograph and the triangular unit hydrograph and shows that fractal hydrographs in all sub-basins have improved the concentration time relative to the hydrographic network .Below basin C, there is an acceptable agreement between the fractal dimension and the NRCS hydrograph, which indicates the accuracy of the results of the fractal dimension analysis of the drainage network. It can be concluded that the NRCS unit hydrograph and the fractal unit hydrograph are well matched .However, in the river basins B and E, the hydrograph of the NRCS unit of the fractal unit does not match well, which is due to the low level of the River Networks, (drainage network). The results showed that the greater the height difference, the less the agreement between the NRCS unit hydrograph and the triangular unit hydrograph. This study confirms the error percentage of fractal hydrograph and NRCS parameters related to each sub-basin.

Production of artificial unit hydrograph based on concentration time, main river networks, length, height difference and geomorphological characteristics is one of the important and accurate tools in this regard that can be used to produce artificial unit hydrograph based on fractal timec enter and corrected. The results of artificial unit hydrograph production based on fractal characteristics of the kalan basin river basin showed that the NRCS triangular unit hydrograph can be plotted and estimated only by having a morphological image of the chanals and without the need for complex calculations. Examination and comparison of fractal unit hydrograph and NRCS unit hydrograph showed that the fractal dimension hydrograph provided a relatively good agreement with NRCS.This raises the accuracy and efficiency of the fractal dimension hydrograph using geomorphological indicators in particular, the drainage network, especially in river basins without a measuring station shows. Examination and comparison of fractal unit hydrograph and NRCS unit hydrograph showed that the fractal dimension hydrograph provided a relatively good agreement with NRCS and this issue of accuracy and efficiency of fractal dimension hydrograph using geomorphological indicators, especially drainage network, in river basins without indicates the measuring station. It is suggested fractal unit hydrograph with other hydrogeomorphological parameters such as basin shape coefficient should be performed and checked with HEC-HMS hydrograph.

Mankind always need to ecosystem services and goods to survive, but there has been the problem of no market to valuation of this services and assume those being free. Ecosystem services valuation studies have considerably increased our knowledge of the value of ecosystems. Ecosystem services valuation can be interpreted as asking about the value of the current flow of benefits provided by that ecosystem, or about the value of future flows of benefits and also, be asking about the value of conserving that ecosystem rather than converting it to some other use. Valuation is not a single activity, and the seemingly simple question ‘how valuable is an ecosystem?’ Because ecosystem services are not fully negotiable in commercial markets, or they are not quantifying so that comparable to financial services and productive investment and they often little importance in politics, there are need to methods for their valuation. Given that understanding the principal and proper use of valuation methods, can help to policy makers and planners in order to design appropriate and effective Sustainable development policies related to environmental problems.

This study has studied the subject through literature review and applying internet databases, and is trying to answer to this important question, how ecosystem services valuation affected environmental planning using to consider the concepts and methods of valuation of ecosystem services. 

Key concepts about ecosystem services were stated and the different types of of ecosystem goods and services values and their valuation approaches such as direct valuation approach and revealed preferences and expressed preferences and their shortcomings were introduced and investigeted.

Ecosystem economic valuation, provides useful information for planning, conservation and sustainable use of natural resources to planners and executives, social and economic managers by estimating the quantitative value of ecosystem functions, goods and services.

The declining quality of surface water resources has become a major concern in recent years. Therefore, the need to evaluate the Spatio-temporal variations of river water quality and also to assess different parameters affecting their water quality and identify the most important variables and factors significantly affecting water quality has been created. In the present study, to monitor the surface water quality of Karkheh River, a data set of Karkheh River water quality containing 16 parameters recorded during 17 Years (2003-2020) from seven different monitoring sites was prepared from the Water and Power Organization of Khuzestan Province. Then, to study and interpret this complex and large data matrix consisting of a large number of physicochemical parameters from long-term monitoring programs, trend analysis, multivariate statistical techniques, and also the use of some indicators to evaluate the suitability of river water quality for irrigation purposes were used. The results of trend analysis showed that the pattern of parameter changes in the annual and seasonal scales was similar, and except for the pH parameter, other water quality parameters such as EC, TDS, SO42-, Ca2+, and calcium hardness were significantly increased. PCA analysis identified three PCs as responsible for the data structure explaining 77/65% of the total variance in water quality. According to the results of PCA, TDS, EC, HCO3- and pH were the most important parameters contributing to spatial variations of surface water quality of Karkheh River. Results of cluster analysis revealed three significant groups of similarity among the 7 monitoring sites. Investigation and analysis of linear regression of cations, anions and other parameters as a dependent variable against river discharge as an independent variable showed a negative correlation. In this study, River Water quality for irrigation purposes was assessed through different indices including EC, sodium percent (SP), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Magnesium Hazard (MH), permeability index (PI), and Kelly’s ratio (KR). The interpreted results showed that the surface water quality in different stations based on the calculated indicators (except EC) in general is suitable for irrigation. The results of this study provide useful information in the interpretation of complex datasets, identification of pollution sources/factors, and understanding of temporal and spatial variations of water quality that can be used to manage projects for improving surface water quality at the study area.

Noise pollution is an environmental issue that threatens the human health and the survival of other living organisms along with air, soil, and water pollution. It is also considered as one of the important criteria in determining the quality of life in the world. Various sources such as growing urbanization, transportation, spatial heterogeneity of land use types and improper planning can increase noise pollution. Therefore, assessment and zoning of noise pollution, which is one of the effective ways of identifying the areas having noise pollution, can play an important role in controlling this pollution.Accordingly, interpolation approaches are an appropriate tool for identifying and evaluating areas with different pollution ranges. Although interpolation approaches are successful in zoning environmental parameters, they do not specify how these parameters change. In other words, they do not determine the type of spatial distribution patterns of these parameters. Therefore, spatial statistical methods are a suitable tool for determining the spatial distribution patterns of environmental parameters. In recent years, spatial statistical approaches have been widely used in the environmental sciences, and in recent studies, researchers have used the capabilities of these methods to identify and examine the spatial correlation of homogeneous areas. Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate and evaluate the spatial correlation patterns of noise pollution in the central part of Zayandeh-Rood watershed using spatial statistical approaches.

The research area is the central part of Zayandeh-Rood watershed, which is located between 32°19′ to 32°56 north latitudes and 51°12′ to 51°59′ east longitudes, and includes parts of Isfahan, Shahinshahr, Khomeini Shahr, Najafabad and Falavarjan. This region covers an area of 1181 Km2. The average annual temperature in this region is 16.7 ° C and the average rainfall is 116.9 mm. This region, like other areas of Isfahan province, has a traffic problem due to the uncontrolled increase of personal vehicles, which has caused people to turn to highways and sidewalks to avoid traffic. The problem of traffic in this region lies in the lack of proper infrastructure to control urban and suburban transportation. In this research, to evaluate and zone noise pollution, 36 stations were randomly selected in the study area in the first place. Then, the sound pressure level was measured at certain hours of the week using the Bruel & Kjaer sound level meter while observing the principles of noise measurement including distance from building, the stability of sound meter at a certain height, and reduction of the error caused by vibration of air molecules.. In the next step, spatial correlation patterns of noise pollution were evaluated using spatial statistical approaches including Global Moran Index, Hotspot analysis, Anselin Local Moran's I, and Cluster/Outlier Analysis with Rendering. In the end, the spatial accuracy of the prepared maps was investigated using Receiving Operator Characteristic (ROC) for different approaches. In order to evaluate the spatial accuracy by this index, in addition to the map obtained from different approaches of spatial statistics, a reference map is also needed. In this study, one third of the points used for noise pollution zoning were randomly selected and were used as the reference map to assess the spatial accuracy of the maps obtained from the previous step.

The result of noise pollution zoning in the study area indicated that the noise intensity changes range from 47.59 to 77.48 decibels. According to the noise pollution zoning map, the highest noise level belongs to the eastern and northern parts of the region. These areas include important urban areas, such as Isfahan, Khomeini-Shahr, Shahinshahr and Najafabad. The southern and central part of the study area, which has a high density of agricultural lands and green spaces, has a lower noise level. This issue has an effect on the results of spatial correlation assessment of noise pollution in the target area; areas with high noise pollution levels follow the correlation pattern of high clusters, while the areas with low noise pollution involve a low clustering pattern. The application of the Receiving Operator Characteristic (ROC) showed that the Hot-spot analysis approach has higher accuracy than the other two approaches in evaluating the spatial correlation patterns of noise pollution. The area under ROC revealed that the Hotspot analysis approach is more than 96% reliable in identifying focal areas with high noise pollution. Given that the probability for the other two approaches is 92% and 89%, respectively, and considering that the rate of the area under the ROC is very close to 1, the efficiency of these two approaches in identifying and determining areas with noise pollution is acceptable. Furthermore, considering the Receiving Operator Characteristic (ROC) of all three methods, the accordance degree of these methods with ground reality is spatially high.

The results of this study revealed that evaluating the accuracy of different approaches in examining the distribution patterns of various phenomena (such as noise pollution) has an effective role in planning and scientific management of the land based on the land-use planning principles. According to the findings of this study, the simultaneous study of the spatial statistical approaches provides a fuller understanding of how noise pollution is distributed in the study area.

Every year, a large amount of horticultural and agricultural products are destroyed due to the destructive phenomenon of hail. In this study, the effect of hail damage on quantitative and qualitative traits of three commercial grape cultivars in four different levels of aerial part destruction as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks in two replications during two years (2016 and 2017) in one of the vineyards of Garmek village,Jajarm city of North Khorasan province has been studied on 8-year-old grape plants with similar management conditions. For this purpose, grape cultivars were as the main plot treatments and simulated hail stress at five levels,including control (without stress), 25, 50, 75 and 100% defoliation were as sub plot treatments. Plant yield,bunch number, length and width of bunch, weight of bunches and berries,pH ,percentage of sugar and the taste index of the treated and control plants were determined.The results showed that defoliation due to hail reduced the yield of plants as compared to control plants and minimum yield was observed in 100percentdefoliationtreatment. Decreasing plant yield was mainly due to the decrease in the number of bunches per plant and the weight of a single bunch was not significantly affected by defoliation except in 100% treatment.The results showed that there was no significant difference between the size and weight of berries in the control treatment with 25, 50 and 75% hail defoliation and it seems that thinning and reduction in yield and number of bunches has maintained the size of berries in plants affected by defoliation. The results revealed that the increase in fruit quality due to decrease in the amount of defoliation treatment with intensity of 25 and 50% has caused a slight increase in sugar content, pH and consequently fruit flavor index due to reduced yield per plant.

During the last two decades, Landslide susceptibility mapping is very important for landslide hazard assessment and has become an effective method (Zhao et al. 2016 and 2015). So that now the results of landslides prepared for landslide management and mitigation are widely used in the world. Ildoromi et al. (2017) by examining the effective factors and landslide hazard zoning using surface density model, hierarchical analysis (AHP) and logistic regression in Ashvand watershed showed that regression logistic and AHP models are suitable models of land hazard zoning Slips are in the area. Bravo et al. (2019) in assessing landslides using sensitivity models and comparing them in the western continent, India, by measuring the cameras had that landslides in the region under the influence of a set of conditions and factors such as altitude, slope, lithology, And geomorphology occurs, etc. In addition to external factors, precipitation, tectonics and human activity are also very effective on the frequency of landslides. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the statistical models of landslide hazard zoning in the watershed of Kurdistan Dam.

Kurdistan Dam watershed with an area of 120.15 Km2 is located in the northeast of Saqez city.
In this study, after determining the study area, 9 landslides occurred, location and landslide distribution map were prepared. In the next step, the factors affecting the landslide occurrence in the region, including geology, precipitation, land use, distance from the river, distance from the fault, slope, altitude were identified and then a map of these factors was prepared to prepare their information provinces. Then, by scoring the effective factors, and using each of the statistical models of information value, surface density, frequency ratio and LNRF, the final landslide hazard zoning map by 10.2 software, Arc / map and Arc / GIS10 3. Prepared in the Kurdistan Dam watershed. Also, in order to evaluate the accuracy and comparative comparison for landslide hazard prediction in the basin in the models, three criteria, landslide index, accuracy of predicted results and compression ratio have been used and the most suitable model for the watershed has been introduced and selected .

Based on the computational results using evaluation indicators and comparison of landslide hazard assessment models in the watershed of Kurdistan Dam, it is inferred that in the information value model, the value of Li index is 72.32, in level 30 density, LNRF 81.65 and At a frequency ratio of 49.4%, the basin is in the high hazard category. The results of the total quality of Qs in the models also show that LNRF models have presented the frequency ratio, surface density and correct information value or seismic hazard segregation in the watershed of Kurdistan Dam with differences. So that information value and LNRF models with values of 2.41 and 2.89, respectively, have better and more accurate performance in landslide hazard zoning of the basin than frequency ratio models with value of 0.304 and surface density with 1.11. The results of compaction of density ratio values show that LNRF models and information value in the separation between hazard categories with density ratio index, respectively, have the highest desirability and accuracy compared to frequency ratio models and surface density in terms of methods used in the basin. In general, the results of P index study show that among the models used in this study, information value models with a P value of 0.81 and in the LNRF of 0.89 are appropriate models in accordance with the study area. And surface density and frequency ratio models are less accurate.

Currently, few studies have been conducted on the use of comparative methods in relation to landslide assessment and zoning and increasing the accuracy of landslide hazard maps. In this study, using statistical models of frequency ratio, information value, surface density and LNRF, final landslide hazard zoning maps in Kurdistan dam basin were prepared and the accuracy of the models, with landslide index, accuracy of predicted results and ratio Compression was assessed. The results of field studies and analysis of basin zoning maps show that statistical models show that a significant percentage of the basin area is in the high hazard category.The results of evaluation and comparison of landslide hazard assessment models using indicators show the upward trend of all models and especially the upward trend of compression ratio index indicates better separation of hazard classes in information value models and LNRF compared to surface density models and The ratio is abundant. One of the reasons is the adaptation of geological, geomorphological and climatic characteristics of Kurdistan dam basin with effective factors in statistical models of information value and LNRF compared to surface density models and frequency ratio. In general, the results of P index study show that among the models used in this study, information value models with a P value of 0.81 and in the LNRF of 0.89 are appropriate models in accordance with the study area. Due to the complex and nonlinear behavior of the variables involved in landslides in the study area, it is recommended to use geomorphometric indicators such as the effect of curvature, cross-curvature, surface curvature and Gaussian and tectonic curvature to complete the results of these studies.dunes. The stability model was involving the input and output of energy and material in the barchan system that eventually is formed a flow structure. This structure is representing the stability and equilibrium of barchan system in time. Also, the obtained results from investigation of steady state index show the barchan dunes, with annual displacement rate more than 12 meters, have the maximum number and highest rates of displacement, and have the lowest steady state. Thus this group is demanding the more attention and planning requirements for stabilization of quicksand and environmental management of mobile barchan dunes.

Rainwater harvesting is a way to develop the utilization of water resources in arid and semi arid regions with the aim of increasing the quantity and quality of water resources. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors influencing the location of areas susceptible to the construction of a rainwater harvesting network (RWH) in the Siahkhore Watershed of Kermanshah using multi-criteria decision making (MCDA) and ANP network analysis. The results of the rainwater harvesting potential map show that poor classes with 2.96, relatively poor 35.49, average 26.06, relatively good 29.2 and good with 6.29 of the catchment area are included. and it indicates that the middle and relatively good and good middle classes with the highest percentage of area level with 61.55%.Field observations and results from the ROC curve show that most of the 115 rainwater harvesting plots are located in areas that are topographically and hydrologically appropriate, all of which are in relatively good, good, and moderate areas. And it represents a very good evaluation of the ANP model. Over 89% of rainwater harvesting sites are in the middle and relatively good and good classes It was found that the combination of Analytical Hierarchy Process (ANP) technique and GIS are useful tools for planning rainwater collection at basin and sub-basin scale.

The identification of areas appropriate for the sustainable growth and development of touristic activities is among the main topics of tourism planning. With its positioning between a mountainous area and a plain, Dorud city enjoys topographic diversity and numerous natural attractions that need proper management and appropriate planning in order to attain the objectives of the sustainable development of tourism. Aiming at the examination of the potential of this area for recreational-sport trekking ecotourism, the study at hand set out to assess the ecologic power of this area using multi-criteria evaluation method. This study was applied-developmental in terms of purpose, and descriptive-analytical in terms of research framework. Since the identification and evaluation of tourism potentials is a multi-criteria decision-making question, five main criteria groups – including physical, ecologic, infrastructural-bodily, safety, and economic-social criteria groups – and 25 secondary criteria for the recreational-sport trekking tourism were developed. The weighted linear combination was used to integrate the criteria. Then, the final map for ecotourism activity in the region was drawn in three spaces with low, mid, and high capability. The results of the final desirability map showed that 6.9 percent of the area has high potential for recreational-sport trekking. Moreover, the results of TOPSIS revealed that Qarun and Oshtorankuh mountains are the first and second top ranking mountains for recreational-sport trekking, respectively. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate the appropriate areas for recreational-sport trekking, which can function as a guide for tourists, managers, and planners to make decisions and administer developmental policies in the light of environmental and socioeconomic approaches and considerations.

Protected areas are extensive land with high conservation value that are selected with the aimed of preserving and restoring of vegetation sites and animals’ habitats.In order to effectiveness management of protected areas, we need to consider this area based on conservation criteria. In this study of protected area of the Hamedan province were evaluated regards to introduced conservation criteria for protection and using Analytical Hierarchy Process. A hierarchical structure was designed for each of the areas. The opinion of a number of experts of natural environment sector of Province Environmental Protection Administration and university professors were collected using a questionnaire including pairwise comparison matrix, and based on it, the weight of the criteria for different regions, was obtained. Then with regard to the obtained importance coefficient for conservation criteria protected areas of this province were ranked. The results showed that Khangormaz, Almobelagh and Malosan protected areas, are more important to protect. The method used in this study can be usful as a database for protection experts, managers and planners of protected areas.

In recent years, the impact of climate change and drought forecasting on water resources planning and management has received much attention. In the present study, probable climate change on Malayer basin temperature and precipitation over the period 2014-2014 was investigated and monthly, seasonal and annual forecasts for the near future (2030-2011) under three scenarios A2, B1 and A1B using HadCM3 general circulation model The LARS-WG model was used for performing and exponential micro-scale.
Data and

ARIMA multiplication time series and AIC and SBC criteria and Pert-Manto test in predicting precipitation and SPI and SDI indices have been used to predict drought for the period (1397-1418) of Merville, Pihan and Wasjeh hydrometric stations.The results show an increase in precipitation and temperature in all three monthly, seasonal and annual scales in the coming period, and Shows that the largest meteorological drought for the base period in 1998-1999 is -1/96 and In the coming year 1418-1418 there was adecrease of -2/4. Surveys show that moderate and severe droughts will increase in the coming statistical period at the Mervil, Peyhan and Vasge stations.

Drought occurrence reduces discharge and hydrological drought. The results show that due to variability of precipitation and mean air temperature, the trend of drought changes is not the same in different months. Therefore, the duration, severity and frequency of droughts vary from month to year.

Investigation of correlation (r) and mean error (MSE) values ​​between observed and calculated values ​​of discharge and precipitation at the stations under study indicate the high capability of ARIMA model in simulating monthly discharge. And it can be used in other parts of the country.

Road construction is one of the most important needs of different countries. To achieve development, it is necessary to use transportation methods to transport goods and services in less time and more safety. As a result, the development and creation of new roads seem inevitable, and their construction is part of infrastructure projects that have many social, economic, political, and environmental consequences. In addition, it should be noted that the selection of unsuitable routes for construction can have potentially negative consequences for the environment of a region. These negative consequences include habitat destruction, fragmentation of wildlife populations, road accidents, floods, soil erosion, landscape degradation, and increased public access to untapped natural resources, etc. Therefore, the optimal and sustainable use of the environment in road development projects is one of the most important and fundamental stages of sustainable development in optimal routing and reducing the negative effects of the environment. The Delijan-Aligudarz route is one of the important transit roads. This road passes by the Moteh Wildlife Sanctuary, which has caused serious damages to this wildlife habitat. Therefore, environmental characteristics should be considered in the routing process to reduce damages to natural resources and achieve sustainable development goals. The purpose of this study is to choose the least costly route from an environmental and economic point of view. To achieve this goal, optimal routing and GIS have been used in this study.  

In this study, 3 groups of criteria including ecological, technical-safety, and economic-social criteria and 12 sub-criteria for optimal routing were developed. Criteria include slope, altitude, land use, geology, erosion, landslide, distance from the fault, distance from protected areas, distance from groundwater level, distance from the river, and urban and rural centers. Then the effective criteria in the GIS were digitized. Because each benchmark map has different measurement ranges and scales, the standardization process was used to standardize the measurement scales and convert them into comparable units. Criteria and constraint maps were standardized based on Fuzzy and Boolean logic, respectively. In the next stage, the AHP and WLC methods were used for weighting and integrating the criteria, respectively, and a multi-criteria evaluation map is obtained. According to this map, a friction layer was created in the GIS environment. A friction map is a raster format map in which each cell has a value that can be considered as a relative or absolute barrier to path passage. In the next step, a cumulative cost map was prepared. The cost level map shows the cost of passing from one cell to another in different directions cumulatively. Finally, the path was designed using the Least Cost Pathway Algorithm and the destination point in ArcGIS software.  

The designed and the current path were compared in terms of environmental parameters to select the path that causes less damage to the environment as the optimal path. Choosing the optimal route is a type of Multi-Criteria Decision Making. The weight of the AHP method showed that slope, distance from protected areas, and landslide sensitivity have gained the most weight, and are of the highest importance in optimal routing according to experts. The results showed that the privacy of effective environmental criteria in road construction has been observed in the designed route so that the designed route has not passed the Mooteh Wildlife Sanctuary and is more than four kilometers away, while 8.6% of the current route is located less than one kilometer from this wildlife refuge. Also, 16, 25 and 2.8% of the current route has passed through the urban, rural, and fault areas, while these environmental criteria are regarded in the designed path.  

The results show that the designed route is much better in terms of environmental criteria than the current route.As a result, it is suggested that in road construction projects, first of all, the influential factors be identified and a suitable path in terms of the environment be designed by observing the laws and principles of the environment and using GIS.