غلامرضا ناصری

The world of living nature has always been a source of many inspirations for mankind in various fields of study and practice. The contribution of some biological concepts, such as evolution, morphology, behavior of dynamic systems, and information transmission through heredity (genetics) in helping to develop new concepts and applications in various branches of science, technology, and human artefacts has a significant role, especially in has had in recent years. In the present research, various aspects of the influence of living nature and the knowledge of life have been examined after a wide review of the literature and in different categories such as biological use, inspiration in form, structure, mechanism, process, function, system, Abstract laws are classified. Descriptive-analytical research method and logical reasoning with data tools include library and citation studies. The findings of the research show that the study of the history of architecture inspired by life shows a gradual movement from biological morphology, which was a superficial similarity, to deeper aspects of biological analogies in bionic design. For this reason, bionics offers a deeper understanding of living nature.

The effect of plant density on the seed yield and mucilage of Plantago ovata Forsk. was studied using a randomized complete block design under dry farming conditions at two stations: a) Maraveh-Tapeh , 240 km northeast of Gorgan, with a long-term average rainfall of 330 mm (low rainfall) and b) Chalaky station, 8 Km west of Gorgan with a long-term average rainfall of 550 mm (rainfed). The experimental plots were planted at densities of 100, 200 and 400 plants m-² with a distance of 20 cm between rows.Data were analyzed using a combined analysis. No significant differences were found for the effects of density on traits including seed number per spike, spike length, harvest index, 1000-seed weight and mucilage percentage, while there were significant differences for the spike number m-1, seed yield, and mucilage yield at 1% probability level. According to the results, the location effect was significant on spike number m-1, seed and mucilage yield (1% probability level), and harvest index (5% probability level). The interactions between plant density and location on spike number per square meter and seed and mucilage yield per hectare were significant at 1% probability level, while no significant differences were found for the other traits. The seed and mucilage yield increased with increasing plant density, so that the seed and mucilage yield at a density of 400 plants m-1 in the Chalaki station were 2.3 and 2.9 times and in the Maraveh-Tapeh station were 1.94 and 1.86 times more compared to 100 plants m-1, respectively. Seed and mucilage yield in Chalaky station were 1.71 and 1.69 times more compared to Maraveh-Tapeh station, respectively. Our results clearly showed superiority for all traits measured at a density of 400 plants m-1 in the Chalaky station as compared with other densities in both locations.

Suicide is considered as the tenth cause of death worldwide. There are several suicide reports consist in the use of certain unusual drugs, such as chloroquine.
Case report: The cadaver of a 25-year-old single woman was found dead in her home and with suspect to using toxins or drugs was brought to Fars Province Forensic administration. She had history of psychiatric problems for which had referred to psychologist several times.
After the autopsy, there was no observation of pathologic lesions in her samples of liver, kidney, or heart. In bile samples, using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) methods, chloroquine was detected. In visceral and gut samples, chloroquine was found using TLC as reactions and it was confirmed by HPLC and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). After examining all the aspects, eventually chloroquine overdose and its complications was determined as the cause of the death.
Due to the high incidence of suicide in depressed patients and according to family and previous positive experience, preventive strategies based on the recognition and the treatment of depressed patients and also teaching the families to diagnose the illness in addition to the limitation of the free access to chloroquine and similar drugs is suggested to reduce overdose complications or suicide.

This research was aimed to study the preference value of range species in Til Abad rangelands. To determine the preference value, timing method as well as measuring the production and consumption of species was used. According to the results of analysis of variance, significant differences were found for the study species in timing method, so that maximum consumption time was recorded for Artemisia sieberi, Poa bulbosa and annual species, respectively. The results of species utilization percentage also showed that there were significant differences among the study species. The highest consumption rate was recorded for Poa bulbosa and annual species. Artemisia sieberi, Festuca ovina and Stipa barbata had an average preference value; however, Poa bulbosa and annual species were relatively palatable. Our results clearly showed that species density and abundance and access to forage species strongly affected the preference value. Generally, in bothe methods studied, Artemisia sieberi, Poa bulbosa and annual species were more grazed as compared to other species.

The concentration of ethanol measured in postmortem blood needs to be interpreted as to whether the person who had consumed alcohol has exceeded some threshold limit. However، interpreting postmortem BAC (Blood Alcohol Concentration) results and drawing correct conclusions about ante mortem levels is fraught with difficulties as under some circumstances alcohol might be produced after death by microbial activity. Subjects and In the case of ethanol، the blood samples should be taken from a femoral vein and whenever possible additional specimens، such as urine and vitreous humor (VH)، should also be obtained and sent for analysis to be able to have the best interpretation 167 Specimens of femoral vein blood and vitreous humor were analyzed. In this study، direct injection and gas-chromatographic techniques were employed to quantitate the ethanol concentrations. These two concentrations were then compared and the BAC/VHAC (Viterous Humor Alcohol Concentration) ratio was evaluated. Among these specimens، there were 142 cases in which we have found ethanol in blood but not in vitreous humor. Also we have found 2 cases by positive VHAC but negative BAC. The average blood ethanol concentration was 61. 5 mg/dLit while the average ethanol vitreous humor concentration was 127 mg/dLit. However، the ratio was measured as 0. 7. The similarity in the results of the post mortem cases reinforces the assertion that co analysis of vitreous humor and blood is important to interpret post mortem results.

Tanacetum parthenium L. is one of the most important medicinal herbs that grows wild and wide distribution near the river, road and sunny positions in forest and mountainous rangelands in South East of Golestan Province, especially in 800-1250m above the sea level in medium soil texture, neutral PH and organic carbon percent with medium to high. In addition to its ecological and ethnopharmacological needs essential oil composition of this plant were also studied. Artemisia annua, Artemisia absintium, Mentha longifolia, Mentha aquatica, Thymus carmanicus, Cuminum cyminum, Echium amoenum, and Salix alba for sedative of headache and menstrual pain, cold, fever, inflammation and healing wound. Flowering aerial parts of this plant were collected in July 2006 in 1100m of Ziarat mountainous region, 6km far from Gorgan city in Golestan province. The essential oil of different parts of plant obtained by water distillation and analyzed by GC/MS. Camphor (53.5%), -pinene (17.7%) and -bisabolol oxide B (10.5%) were the major components of flower oil. But in leaf oil, camphor (38.9%), -pinene (8.4%), germacrene D (6.3%) and -terpinene (8.2%) were the main components. The results confirm use of this plant by the rural healers for curing many types of the sedative pain and other ailments.

Tanacetum parthenium L. is one of the most important medicinal herbs, has been used by the rural people of Golestan province for sedative pain, fever, headache, arthritis, asthma, toothache and menstrual disorders.Variation in bioactive components of Tanacetum parthenium L. were studied and compared for their essential oil, flavonoids and alkaloids of different parts of plant in two geographical regions of this province. Results showed T. parthenium which originated from 2200m produced the highest essential oils, flavonoids and alkaloids, especially in leaves but with low quality and quantities and reduced in flowers. Further more stem have not any bioactive components in two regions.