فائزه سعیدی

Motivation is considered a general factor that generates behavior, while academic motivation is a student's perception of himself, his talents and abilities, and his efficiency. It is also effective in determining their goals and the extent of their success and failure. The present study aimed to model the causal relationship between self-efficacy and academic motivation with the mediating role of teacher-student interaction in female first-year high school students in Ahvaz city in Iran during 2023.

The present research method followed a fundamental, descriptive, correlational, and structural equation model in terms of its purpose. The research population was all 500 female sixth-grade elementary school students in District 2 of Ahvaz; among them, 220 were selected as samples according to the Krejcie & Morgan table and multi-stage randomization sampling. The research tools were the questionnaires related to Harter's Educational Motivation Scale (HEMS, 1980), Sherer General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE, 1972), as well as the Teacher Interaction Questionnaire designed and validated by Lardasmi and Kenny (2001). In addition, the data were analyzed using SPSS (version 26) and AMOS.

The results indicated that the standard coefficients of the path between self-efficacy and academic motivation, between positive teacher-student interaction and academic motivation, and between negative teacher-student interaction and academic motivation are significant. Moreover, the self-efficacy variable has a significant indirect relationship with the academic motivation variable through positive teacher-student interaction, and the self-efficacy variable has a significant indirect relationship with the academic motivation variable through negative teacher-student interaction. With acceptable values of the fit indices, it was determined that the proposed model has an acceptable and appropriate fit with the data. As a result, academic motivation can be predicted based on self-efficacy through the mediation of teacher-student interaction in first-year female high school students in Ahvaz.

Overall, it was indicated that there is indeed a significant relationship between self-efficacy and academic motivation with the mediating role of teacher-student interaction, which supports the need for further research to bridge the gap between student motivation and identifying variables that influence their academic motivation.

Every place has its own soul and characteristics, based on which it expresses its special character. In fact, Human beings need to understand the sense of place in order to have an intimate interaction and identification with the place where a person lives. Due to the fact that Valiasr square is one of the oldest and crowded squares of Tehran, it has a great importance among urban public spaces of the city. Therefore, in this paper, the redesign of the sidewalk of this square has been investigated in order to improve the sense of place between Valiasr Square and Fatemi Street.

The current research is practical in terms of its purpose and in terms of mixed methods, it is a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis methods. This research has been done using the library-document method. The statistical population is the citizens of region 10 of Tehran and sample size is 384 people who were randomly attained using the Cochran formula. Data analysis has been done with SPSS and tests such as correlation, regression, table of coefficients, etc.

The results of the research show that the design of the sidewalk in this area, as the results of the research have also shown, can provide the means to improve the sense of belonging to the place among its citizens, because the sidewalk, due to its nature as a space Public is influenced by the body and activity of its surrounding environment and is formed according to the needs of each place.

Aims: Considering the existence of fungal contamination and the close contact of dentists with the oral cavity of their patients, the question raised here is whether addressing the dental profession can be considered a risk factor for oral candidiasis with Candida albicans? This study aimed at investigating the relationship between dentistry and oral colonization of Candida albicans.
This case-control study was conducted among 72 individuals in Birjand, Iran in 2016; they were selected by random sampling method and divided into 2 groups: The case group consisted of 35 dentists working in Birjand and the control group consisted of 37 non-medical personnel of Birjand University of Medical sciences. The samples were obtained from rear surface of the tongue and salivary secretions. Individuals with positive culture results were considered Candida albicans oral carriers. The data were analyzed by SPSS 18 software, using Chi-square and Fisher exact tests.
Findings: Although the number of positive culture results in Candida albicans oral carriers (17.1%) was twice more than in control group (8.1%), there was no significant difference between two groups (p>0.05)
The dentists are at risk of contamination and oral colonization of Candida albicans not more than what non-medical personnel are.

Nowadays, excessive exploitation of resources, on the one hand, and pollution, wastes and waste production and consumption, on the other hand, have posed major obstacles to the development of countries. Among the risks that have recently attracted much attention, one can refer to increasing greenhouse gases, ozone destruction, melting of polar ice, loss of species, and erosion of agricultural land. The key cause of the depletion of natural resources, emissions, and environmental degradation is overconsumption, which must be managed for the sake of sustainable development. In this paper, we investigate the effect of consumption on sustainable development based on the pattern proposed by Lambert (1985) and Stokey (1998). To achieve this purpose, an optimal control model has been used that focuses on the interaction between the consumer’s behavior and environmental degradation. In order to solve the model in a numerical manner, a risk-averse utility function is taken into account, and the model is optimized in accordance to the principle of maximum Pentryagyn to find the optimal values of consumption and emissions studied in stable conditions. The model parameters are set using the calibration procedure, and, finally, the results of changing the parameters are evaluated by scenarios. After the model is solved, the optimal path of the variables and the way to achieve the optimal points in a steady state are determined. The results are analyzed in a phase diagram. Showing high consumption and emission values vis a vis the optimal situation in Iran, the results suggest that Iran is getting far from the optimal sustainable state. This is because of the lack of sustainability of consumption patterns in Iran.