فهرست مطالب فائزه سلیمی

Background & 

Smart phones, due to their small size and ease of use, have become the main tools for field access the online world. The aim of the present study was to study the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between psychological flexibility and self-compassion with problematic use of smart phone. Materials &

Research method was descriptive-correlation type. The sample size included 266 university student in the year 1401-1402, who were selected by available sampling method. In order to collect research data, questionnaire problematic use of phone (COS), acceptance and action (AAQ-II), self-compassion scale (SCS) and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (Garnefski, et al) were used. Finally, data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation method and structural equations.

Psychological flexibility and self-compassion (r=-0/34, r=-0/36, p<0/01) and emotion regulation(r=-0/40) showed a significant negative correlation with the problematic use of phone. Also, the result of investigating the indirect effect showed that psychological flexibility and self-compassion can predict the problematic use of phone through the mediation of emotion regulation.

According to the findings of the research cab be acknowledged that psychological flexibility, self-compassion and emotion regulation play an important and significant role in the problematic use of phone. So it can be concluded that by increasing the psychological flexibility and self-compassion and the use of compromise emotion regulation strategies can reduce the rate of this kind of behavioral addiction.

Flipped classroom is one of the relatively new teaching methods in which teaching takes place outside the classroom and class time is devoted to practice, and learning is established under the supervision of the teacher. Various studies in the world and in Iran have examined the effectiveness of flipped learning in teaching English, but these studies have been done either in the context of schools and institutes or with English language college students. This study examines students’ attitudes towards the flipped classroom, and the effectiveness of flipped learning in General English courses at Farhangian University. Findings show that students are satisfied with the flipped classroom and prefer it to traditional classes. Based on the results of paired and independent t-tests, flipped learning improves students' learning in General English courses. In addition, gender can affect the effectiveness of flipped learning, but students' field of study does not have such a role. Based on the findings of this study, flipped learning can used to increase the effectiveness of General English courses in face-to-face and virtual classes.

The aim of this research is to investigate object omission based on Role and Reference Grammar. Object omission is a valency-reduction process in which a verb which is transitive in nature, appears without its object. This study, will indicate semantic, syntactic and pragmatic representation of the aforementioned construction with respect to the presented concepts in Role and Reference Grammar including the layered structure of the clause, logical structure, semantic macroroles, information structure, activation status of the referents and linking algorithm. Explaining object omission in the framework of RRG, indicates one of the advantages of this grammar. Although RRG attends to the interaction between form and function, it declines the abstract layers or elements in the syntactic analysis. Accordingly, in this grammar the syntactic structure of the clause is represented based on what is explicitly applicable. Therefore, RRG is not faced with any restriction in explaining object omission and regarding what is explicitly presented in the sentence, it behaves with transitive verbs which omit their objects as intransitive ones. The most specific attainments of investigating object omission in the framework of RRG are as follows: In the layered structure of a clause with omitted object, one of the arguments of the core will be reduced and the syntactic representation will be like an intransitive verb with just one argument (subject) in the core. The logical structure of such verbs, likewise, will be represent with just one argument (x), unlike transitive verbs which has two arguments (x, y) in logical structure. Regarding the aktionsart type of the verbs, the findings indicate that activities are the most frequent verbs in object omission construction. the reason is that the second argument of activity verbs is not a macrorole and therefore can be omitted. Describing object omission with regard to information structure and activation status of the referents in RRG shows that as in the aforementioned construction the object is omitted, it cannot be a focal or topical element and its referent can be considered as an accessible one. Since it is the hearer’s knowledge of the world that makes it possible to understand the notion of the omitted object. Moreover, in this study, regarding object omission construction, linking algorithm from semantic to syntax and from syntax to semantics has been provided. The bidirectional diagrams show that the linking principles of selecting and linking undergoer in both directions will not exist in the objectless sentences.

Object omission construction is a valency-reduction process in which a transitive verb appears without its object and is used as an intransitive one. However, the addressee is able to understand the meaning of the objectless sentence. The considered type of object omission in this paper is context-independent, in which the reference of the omitted object is not mentioned in previous context and the context does not provide any clue to recover the deleted object. Among different factors which can affect object omission, in this research we attempt to determine the nature of the deleted object based on some important typological hierarchies such as animacy, referentiality, definiteness and number which can be used to determine the tendency of language in choosing the prototypical object in the sentence. It seems that an object is omissible when it has different features compared to the present object in the sentence. The findings prove this claim and reveal that the reference of the omitted object is located in the lower levels of the aforementioned typological hierarchies. Moreover, the findings indicate that an element such as 'number' which makes no difference in morpho-syntactic presentation of the direct object in the sentence has no effect on the possibility of object omission.

Consumerism is an improper culture in organizations, especially public ones, which is expanding day by day. The present paper aimed at identifying the factors affective on consumerism among public organizations’ employees. This was an applied study while it was a survey in terms of data collection procedure. Research population consisted of all experts familiar with research subject, including managers and employees in public sector. Eighteen experts were selected by judgment up until theoretical saturation. The data collection instrument was semi-structured interview, and thematic analysis was used to analyze data. After the analysis, 22 effective factors were identified. Personal factors effective on consumerism included personal credit and distinction, welfare seeking, non-ownership feeling, lack of religiosity, personal lifestyle, weakness of conscience, utilitarianism, lack of responsibility, and feeling of entitlement. Organizational factors included perceived injustice, lack of organizational culture, organizational redundant protocols, public managers’ consuming behavior, and legal factors such as the lack of monitoring rules and regulations, legal deficiencies, and public budget. Finally, sociocultural factors affective on consumerism in public organizations included familial lifestyle, focus groups, social class, social ceremonies and rituals, lack of religiosity in the society, and transformation of values. Consumption in itself is a natural behavior, but consumerism is deemed a problem. The importance of saving is even greater in public and governmental organizations that are financed through the public treasury. Various factors can contribute to the emergence and spread of consumerism culture in organizations, knowing which can help obtain appropriate solutions to improve the consumption pattern.