فاطمه ایزدی یزدان آبادی

As an influential basis of development worldwide, especially economic development, tourism currently lies at the center of the world governments’ main policies in job creation, entrepreneurship, and promoting sustainable businesses. On the other hand, by naming the year 2018 as “Tourism and Digital Revolution', the World Tourism Organization clearly indicates the significance of the digital revolution and its influence on the sustainable growth of the tourism industry. Considering the influence of the digital revolution on all aspects of human life, including travel and tourism, businesses and organizations involved in tourism have no other choice but to adapt themselves to the current dynamic and ever-changing environment. Therefore, this applied descriptive-survey research sought to examine the effects of the digital revolution on tourism businesses using a quantitative approach. The population of the study comprised the staff of tourism businesses working in Tehran city, among whom 385 people were selected via random sampling. The required data were collected through a questionnaire administered to the participants of the study, which were then analyzed using the SPSS24 and Smart-PLS2 software. The study’s findings indicated that the rate of digital revolution status was above average in terms of all the indices included in the study’s conceptual model. Moreover, the overall role of the digital revolution in tourism businesses was assessed using a single sample T-test. Accordingly, the average rate of most of the twenty-five indices investigated in the study was found to be greater than 4, indicating the influence of the digital revolution on all aspects of tourism organizations which may bring about some changes in tourism businesses. On the other hand, Friedman's variance analysis test revealed a significant difference between the mean ranks of digital revolution components in tourism, with its greatest influence being on human resources training and development. Therefore, it seems necessary to invest in employing and training human resources that can deal with such developments.

Coccidiosis is known as one of the most common diseases of poultry in all over the world which characterized by enteritis. It annually causes economic losses in broiler chicks production industry. Genus Eimeria causes coccidiosis in broiler chickens. Insufficient ventilation and humidity, inappropriate stocking density, deficient immune responses, bacterial enteritis, and lack of efficient anticoccidial drugs facilitate development the coccidiosis. Coccidiosis also influence microflora and disturbs their population. Arginine participates in structure of some important biological and physiological molecules in birds. It increases pH and can influence population of bacteria. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of arginine on cecum microbial population and serum antioxidant properties of healthy and Eimeria-challenged broiler chicks.

A total number of 384 one-d-old broiler chick (Ross 308) of mixed sex with initial weight of 42±2 g was purchased from local hatchery. Broiler chicks fed diets supplemented with 85, 100, 125 and 150% of recommended digestible arginine. In 21 days, the half of broiler chicks was challenged with Eimeria spp and broiler chicks were divided into 8 groups with 6 replications and 8 birds/replicate. Experimental treatments included: Broiler chicks challenged with Eimeria and treated with 85% of recommended arginine (85-challenge group), broiler chicks challenged with Eimeria and treated with 100% of recommended arginine (100-challenge group, positive control), broiler chicks challenged with Eimeria and treated with 125% of recommended arginine (125-challenge group), broiler chicks challenged with Eimeria and treated with 150% of recommended arginine (150-challenge group). Healthy groups included: broiler chicks unchallenged with Eimeria and treated with 85% of recommended arginine (85-Healthy group), broiler chicks unchallenged with Eimeria and treated with 100% of recommended arginine (100-Healthy group, negative control), broiler chicks unchallenged with Eimeria and treated with 125% of recommended arginine (125-Healthy group) and broiler chicks unchallenged with Eimeria and treated with 150% of recommended arginine (150-Healthy group). In 21 and 42 days, 2 birds per replicate were killed by decollation. At 42 days of trial, blood samples were collected from 2 birds/replicate and gathered in tubes. The population of E. coli, Lactobasillus, total bacteria, bifidiobacteria and pH were assessed. Part of blood was used as whole blood for measurement of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO) malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant status (TAS). malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by ZELLbio commercial kit (Germany). The levels of GPx (No:430430), SOD (439108), total antioxidant capacity (TAC: NX 2332) and (Randox Laboratories, Ardmore, Crumlin, UK) as recommended by producer Company. The study was conducted based on a completely randomized design in a 4×2 factorial arrangement with infection (challenged and unchallenged) and dietary supplemental of arginine (85, 100, 125 and 150% of the recommended levels).

The results showed that challenge with Eimeria significantly decreased the levels of SOD, GPx and TAS but increased NO and MDA (P0.05). Dietary inclusion of 125 and 150% arginine could significantly increase GPx (p < /p>

Today, the development of tourism and the arrival of tourists creates countless economic, sociocultural and environmental impacts on tourism destinations. Socio-cultural effects of tourism are among the most important considerations of tourism development in each region. Tourism is one of the industries that, in addition to social and cultural interests, it contributes to the development of the country's economy pollution. In fact, tourism creates sustainable development. Gardens are one of the tourism attractions. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the proportions of the development in Iranian gardens, and as a case study, Biglar Beygi has been selected. This research, by studying the elements and documents, seeks to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the Biglar Beygi Garden in Kerman besides providing specific development strategies for such historical and ancient place by considering four extents: Economical, cultural, social, and environmental. Therefore, using descriptive-analytical method, through interviewing experts, tourists and tourism staff as well as research on the literature has been completed and identified the importance of each factors. Finally, the results showed that the development of the historical and tourism area of Kerman's Biglar Beygi (Fath Abad) Garden will have a significant impact on the economic, social, cultural and environmental development. This place also has many capabilities and potentials as a historical phenomenon and ancient tourism attraction that can attract numerous tourists and take an effective step in the development of tourism in the country. By investing through state or providing facilities and share for private investments, we can provide an exclusive and complementary attraction in this complex.

Coccidiosis is one of the most common diseases in poultry industry in all over the world that is characterized by enteritis. Coccidiosis causes economic losses in chicks, because it induces diarrhea and deaths. This disease decreases the plasma concentration of arginine and suppresses antioxidant system. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of arginine on antioxidant status, carcass traits, and serum carotenoid levels in broiler chicks challenged with Eimeria spp.

A total number of 384 one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) of mixed sex was allocated into 8 groups with 8 birds/pen from grower period. At 21 days, broiler chickens were challenged with a mixture of Eimeria species. Birds were divided into infected and uninfected groups and received arginine at 85, 100, 125, and 150 % of recommended levels. The levels of antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and serum carotenoid levels were assessed in blood sera and also carcass traits were evaluated.

Coccidiosis decreased total antioxidant capacity, and serum carotenoid levels, but increased MDA and NO in comparison with uninfected Birds (p<0.05). However, 125 and 150% diets, increased total antioxidant capacity and serum carotenoid levels, but decreased MDA (P<0.05).

In conclusion, coccidiosis decreased antioxidant status and serum carotenoid levels in broiler, but dietary inclusion of higher levels of arginine improved antioxidant status and serum carotenoid levels. In summary, higher levels of arginine could be recommended to improve antioxidant capacity and serum carotenoid levels in broiler challenged with coccidiosis.