فاطمه جعفری سیاوشانی

The concept of pride is closely related to the sport environment and one of the characteristics of an athlete is humility and humility. The aim of present research is to normalize pride questionnaire in athletic society. The research method is correlational. Statistical population in this study was athletes in one of futsal, volleyball, basketball, water polo leagues. In order to examine data, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and for data gathering Tracy and Robins 2007 pride questionnaire with two factors of authentic (7 questions) and heuristic pride (7 questions) were used. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated as 0.93 by Cronbach's alpha. For normalize questionnaires confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses and LISREL were used. The results of factor analysis of the Pride Questionnaire indicated that the reliability of the two components of Authentic and Heuristic pride was 0.88 and 0.90. Results obtained confirmed the reliability of questionnaire. Results of behavior questionnaire factor analysis indicated that questionnaire has acceptable relevance. And two questions with a factor load less than 0.9 were removed from the false pride factor, Furthermore, research final showed that heuristic pride, it promotes a moral behaviors such as ignoring athletic spirit and resorting to deception and offense in order to achieve success. Therefore, considering the utility of the tool, the Pride Questionnaire can be a useful tool for identifying the type and amount of pride, reinforcing positive pride and moderating the negative pride of athletes in different sports fields.

Of the main elements influencing different behaviors of athletes in attaining their objectives and athletic performance, are motivation, passion and pride. The objective of this research is to review the role of passion model in expressing ethical and unethical behavior of athletes in regard to the mediating role of pride. Statistical population of this study is athletes who have participated in Futsal, Volleyball, Basketball and Water polo. Considering the number of variables under study, sample volume was 200 athletes. one sample run test was utilized for studying difference of averages, Pearson test for confirming relations of variables, and in order to test structural equation model PLS software was used. Questionnaires included individual information, passion (Vallerand, 2003), pride questionnaire(Tracy&Rabins, 2007) and behavior questionnaire (Kavussanu & Boardley, 2009). Study of two models indicated that professional athletes show higher tendency to express unethical behavior such as violence, cheating and fault compared to other players of the rival team and being the winner or loser of the competitions is mostly based on extreme passion and pride is a tool with positive aspect in order to increase one’s skills and better performance. engagement gains importance considering ethical behavior and its relation with ethical and unethical behavior is respectively moderated by authentic and hubristic pride. Authentic pride leads to ethical behavior but hubristic pride will inevitably lead to expression of unethical behavior and authoritarianism.