فهرست مطالب فاطمه جهانگرد

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of teachers of experimental sciences and students about the relationship between this course and student-teacher training and its factors and obstacles.

The research method can be qualitative and phenomenological approach. Research Square was an education district of Mashhad in the academic year 2018-2019. Using a key based on sampling to select the sample and sample size according to the theoretical saturation approach was saturated with ten experimental science teachers and ten junior high school students. After collecting information through in-depth interviews and analyzing it in a transcendental collapse method in phenomenology.

The final findings of the research include 7 concepts that the concept of "research-oriented nature of experimental science course" shows the perception of research towards this course. The concepts of "effective teacher-student interactions, attractive and diverse teacher methods and high research spirit of some students" are among the effective factors in educating the student-researcher and the concepts of "inappropriate educational conditions, teacher educational weaknesses and incompatibility of some students with the atmosphere" Research »is one of the obstacles to educating student researchers in experimental science classrooms.

The findings of the research can be effective in training research students in the education system.

From the monetary authority perspective, all parts of fluctuations in CPI don’t have the same importance for implementing monetary policy and also don’t have the same impact on economic growth. The CPI fluctuations can be separated into two main parts: the permanent part and the temporary or transient part. In the long run the changes in relative prices which are originated from temporary shocks, because of price flexibility and substitution of goods by consumer, will be adjusted and as a result will not have significant effect on Inflation and economic growth.  Consequently, monetary authority should not take into account the temporary part of CPI fluctuations in implementing the monetary policy. Some economists assert that it will be better if monetary authority implements the policies just based on the core inflation. In the present study, we have first calculated the core inflation and then investigated the effect of core inflation on economic growth. To this end, we have used the data over the 2005-2018 period and MIDAS method. Results indicate that financial depth, core inflation and oil revenues have negative and significant effect on economic growth. Also, results show that openness, government spending on infrastructure, capital stock and active population have significant and positive effect and employment permits have no significant effect on economic growth

One of the main goals of monetary policy is price stability, and in this framework is one of the most successful approaches introduced in recent decades of inflation targeting. In this paper, factors influencing inflation targeting such as central bank independence and transparency, inflation uncertainty, Minimum nominal wages, monetary base, and exchange rate in Iran for the time period of 1978-2017 were investigated. First, we calculated the Central Bank independence by using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and then, we investigated the factors affecting inflation target. The results showed that central bank independence and transparency and commitment to accountability had a negative and significant effect on the inflation gap from the target inflation. Minimum nominal wages, monetary base, exchange rate, the uncertainty of inflation have a positive effect on the inflation gap of the target inflation. Therefore, in order to achieve the inflation target, the preconditions for the adoption of this monetary policy should be provided. Furthermore, since the exchange rate is one of the variables that influence the inflation rate and has a major impact on the inflation rate of the country, so having a trading and exchange rate policy can have many results on achieving inflation goals.

Although only 10 years have passed since the Bitcoin and blockchain technology introduction into the world, this new monetary technology has had a serious impact on other economic variables such that the international monetary and banking institutions has been forced to investigate, regulate and react to them. The present study investigates the effects of price changes of coin, oil, Exchange Rate, and Tehran Stock Market Index on the Bitcoin's demand in Iran for monthly data for the period from April 2014 to September 2018 by using the Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR). The result shows that, in the short term the price of coins, stocks and oil explains a very small percentage of changes in Bitcoin's demand in Iran. But in the long run, these variables explain more of the Bitcoin demand changes in Iran.

In this paper, we investigate the effect of petroleum reserves on economic growth with emphasis on democracy using GMM method during 1960 -2012. We focus on three groups: (1) high-income countries (Australia, America, UK, Denmark, Norway and Canada), (2) middle-income countries (Colombia, Malaysia, Iran, Gabon, Ecuador and Algeria) and (3) low-income countries (Egypt, India, Indonesia and Syria). The dependent variable is GDP (in 2005 constant prices), and independent variables are oil reserves, the size of government, democracy, trade openness, and consumer price index. The results confirm the resource curse in the middle-income countries but reject it among the high-income and low-income countries.

Since the 1990s social capital was considered as an engine of economic development. Furthermore, in order to achieve the economic development, countries were invested to create and improve the social capital. In this regard education as the most influential factor was on the agenda. Education by increasing the personal abilities and knowledge can provide the condition for participation, social interaction and presence in social networks and community. On the other hand, education by create and internalize the norms would regulate people`s behavior that lead to an increase in social trust and social capital. In this study we tried to prove this hypothesis that education leads to social capital and the most effective impact on social capital belongs to the primary school as well. For investigating the impact of different levels of education on social capital in Iran during 1981-2011 we used the GMM method. The estimation results show that education has a positive and significant effect on social capital in this period. Among the different levels of education, the most effective level on social capital is the primary and middle school and the factor that has the least effect on social capital with 0/29 coefficient is higher education.