فهرست مطالب فاطمه خوشنویسان

The ever-increasing use of information and communication technologies and virtual networks has created a possibility for educational development and transformation in the metaverse context. This possibility is related to the infrastructural development capabilities on the one hand and the content and structural aspects of education in society on the other hand. Despite its positive and negative aspects, this subject requires serious attention to achieve meta-education. This study, by taking into account the perspectives of experts, intends to analyze the challenges of education in the metaverse. Here, a qualitative content analysis method was adopted, with the data collection tool being semi-structured interviews with 12 people until reaching the saturation level. The data was analyzed through an inductive approach and the reliability of contents was checked by "independent coders and expert group" method. The findings showed that the educational challenges in the metaverse include themes such as deconstruction of education, gamification, the conflict of diversity and singularity, the challenge of unknownness, the intellectual property interest, educational justice, perceived compatibility, the challenge of conflict, dependence and post-realism learning.  It seems that the capabilities of using the educational metaverse in Iran are still not available due to the aforementioned challenges. Since capacities and capabilities are necessary for educational development, preparing grounds for its use by the next generation through a planning based on the findings of this paper can greatly increase the utilization rate of its positive aspects.

The present study was conducted with the aim of a phenomenological investigation of the barriers to entrepreneurship in the Human Sciences at university. The research method was qualitative with a phenomenological approach. The study population included experts in the field of human sciences and humanities. The purposeful research sampling method was done, which was saturated theoretically with 12 people. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The research reliability of the data was confirmed by the criteria of Lincoln and Guba (1985) and also the method of Denzin (1978) and Patton (1999). The data analysis was an inductive method using a seven-step put forth by Colaizzi (1978). The results showed that in the dimension of employment, two distinct, opposite, and consistent views of the business of the humanities were appreciable. In the category of social acceptance, reduced social status, applied reductions, cultural, spatial planning, discretion in the discourse of the humanities, unknowing social knowledge, and knowledge in the university. In the category of the developmental infrastructure of these sciences, we can refer to objective growth, gender reversal, functional capability, digitization, conflicts of power. In the category of humanities development, lack of the issue, the ability of humanities research, the entrepreneurship of the humanities, the possibilities for the internationalization of these sciences, and the emergence of interdisciplinary science can be enumerated.

The aim of this study was to measure the value of higher education among students in two public and non-public universities in Isfahan. The research method was descriptive correlational.  The sample size was 307 master students in all disciplines whom were randomly selected. Data gathering tool was Luttrell & Richard 30 item questionnaire in five dimensions including family expectations, focus on scholastic, Achievement values, general values of education and obstacles to progress.  The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (r = 0.78). For data analysis one-way t-test, regression and clustering, using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) were used. The results showed that the value of continuing education at university was higher than the average level. Clustering results indicated that-in both groups- family expectations are more important in students' desire for higher education. For this reason, barriers to progress from the family is not very high. In addition, anti-school behaviors were high in both groups.The results also showed that in group one, in contrast to group two, the most important predictor of family expectations and general values is education. In general, what caused the tendency to go to university is due to the desire for achievement and family expectations.

The present study is conducted with the Purpose of the Phenomenological Study, An analysis of the state of the humanities in the third generation of the Iranian academic system. The method of qualitative research was of exploratory type, with a phenomenological approach. The research community consisted of faculty members and thematic experts in the field of humanities. Sampling method was Convergent Purposeful, which has been saturated theoretically according to the criteria for entering the research with 10 people. The method of gathering data was semi-structured interviews. What kinds of challanges the Humanities encounter in the Iranian Academic System has been addressed in this project. As the validity of the gathered information was confirmed from the evaluation criteria of Lincoln and Guba (1985) and Denzin (1978) and Patton (1999). Data analysis was performed with inductive method using a seven-step Colaizzi (1978). The results showed 8 of the requirements of entrepreneurship humanities include Knowledge creation in education, redefining identity and modify social illustration, skills in education, institutionalization of high university culture, metadisciplinary creation, recognition of identity disciplines and opportunities, development Dialogue as entrepreneurship, institutionalization of high culture is the entrepreneurship of the humanities as value creation. Also, the humanities in the Iranian academic system are characterized by challenges Content (Passive content, Paradigm differences), Structural (independence of the humanities at politics, institutional support), Agency (educational strategies, bad teacher) and Contextual (Academic culture, Biological and Technical Sciences Blackmail).

The objective of the present paper is to study the ethno-cultural empathy ability in the metropolitan Tehran. 156990 citizens from five neighborhoods in the geography of the Tehran constituted the statistical population of this research. The sample constituted of 553 citizens who were selected through classified sampling. The Scale of Ethno-Cultural Empathy (ECE) by Wang, et al. (2003) was used to collect the data. Cluster analysis with Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), single t-test and analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. The results indicate that overall ethno-cultural empathy ability in the mega city of Tehran is above the average and two groups can be identified on the basis of empathy ability. The average of all dimensions in the first group, expect acceptance of cultural differences, is above the mean, while in the second group awareness and acceptance of cultural differences is above the mean. The average of the expression of empathic feelings in the first group is higher than that of the second group. Accordingly, it may be said that the first group is emotionally oriented and the second one is pragmatist. In both groups the acceptance of cultural differences has higher predictability significance compared to other factors. The findings of the research imply the domination of emotional empathy over pragmatist empathy in the mega city of Tehran.

This research investigates educational need of post graduate students of humanities in scope of labor market employability competencies with Entrepreneurship Approach in University of Esfahan and Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan. The research's method is based on exploratory-mixed. Statistical population included all of students in University of Esfahan and Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan that 331 of the students were chosen as the research sample according to Morgan's table. The tools were interview with industrial managers of Esfahan province and researcher made questionnaire which was based on province's market employability skills that was conducted among students. Its reliability through Cronbach's alpha coefficient was obtained 0.83. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, one sample T test and Bonferroni post hoc test with SPSS software (version 17). Due to results of the research, students of University of Esfahan and Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan had different view point in terms of Entrepreneurial skill were significantly different from the default group society And the difference indicates lower scores of students to expectations of managers. The results showed gender and college don’t have significant effect on rate of students with Entrepreneurial skill, but there was significant difference in the field and level of education.

The current paper has studied two textbooks of elementary school courses، namely “Social Education” and “Heavenly Gifts”، concerning their degree of compliance to the components of children’s rights. Regarding data analysis، Shannon Entropy method is used for obtaining significance coefficient of each component. According to the data، life right had the highest significance coefficient with 0. 138 and the lowest was for the observance of child’s interests with coefficient of zero. Moreover، the study has shown that the most significant coefficient is related to the fourth grade with coefficient 0. 153 and the least significant is for the sixth grade with coefficient 0. 051. Overall، regarding Dewey’s principles namely، comprehensiveness، continuance، participation and practicality، it could be said that they are not considered in these books.

Present study was to evaluate the Rate of students and the University of Isfahan and Khorasgan University of the components of ethic work as one of employability competencies labor market. The method used in this study is mixed – exploratory. Population has been student Isfahan University and Khorasgan University the 1391-1392, which is based on Table Morgan of 331 students were selected. Interviews and data collection instrument was a questionnaire that was administered to the students. Validity is Content validity and its reliability is obtained by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient equal to 0/83. Data collected by ANOVA, post hoc Bonferroni t-test and one-sample analysis was performed by software SPSS17. According to the results, students of universities Isfahan and Khorasgan of having the significant differences in components of ethic work. The results showed that the level of education and the field student is effective Rate the components of ethic work. But sex does not effete in the rate of students of components of ethic work.

The current study was Implemented to study the level of spiritual and emotional communication content that exists in elementary and middle-school textbooks in Iran. The study used a content-analysis-based descriptive method. The research population included the three textbooks titled: sociological studies، celestial gifts and Persian literature for elementary and middle-school educational level (30 volumes). To analyze the data، the Anthropy Shannon method was used to obtain the significance level for each of the components of spiritual and emotional interpersonal communication and then it was used to compare their indices. Based on the findings of the research، the highest significance level was for the component of principles، features and methods with P = 0. 346 and the lowest significance level was for the component of fields and foundations with P = 0. 318. In addition، based on the obtained significance levels of the frequency in indexes in all the textbooks under study، the index of emotion (the performance and consequences component) had the highest significance level of 0. 099، and encouraging to do good and preventing from doing bad (principle، features and methods component) had the lowest level of significance (P= 0. 071).

The pain as the most prevalent medical problem and an unpleasant experience obliges patients to use sedatives. Recent studies have shown that anticholinergic alkaloid compounds have antinociceptive property. Regarding the presence of anticholinergic alkaloid compounds in henbane (hyoscyamus niger) and since this plant was mentioned as sedative in Iranian traditional medicine, the aim of present study was to investigate the antinociceptive effect of oral and injective administration of henbane seed on formalin-induced acute and chronic pain in rats. Male rats weighing 300-350 gr from NMRI strain were chosen randomly, and alcoholic extract of henbane seed were injected at doses of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg intraperitoneally(n=10 for each dose). Also oral henbane seed at ratio of 1/14 in standard food was given to another group of rats (n=8) for 2 weeks. Acute and chronic pain scores were assessed in control (n=8) and experimental groups by formalin test. The reactions against the pain were carried out via formalin test, based on the standard criteria assessment. In addition, the antinociceptive effect of sodium salisilate as a positive control group was examined. Statistical analysis of findings showed that injection of alcoholic extract of henbane seed in all doses decreased the formalin-induced acute and chronic pain significantly (P<0.001). In addition, oral administration of henbane seed caused significant decrease of formalin-induced chronic pain (P<0.001) relative to control group. The results of the present study indicate that henbane extract has significant antinociceptive effect on both acute and chronic phases of formalin test. In addition, oral administration of henbane seed has only antinociceptive effect on formalin-induced chronic pain. It could be resulted from different mechanisms of extract injection and oral administration henbane in acute pain.