فهرست مطالب فاطمه دوستی

Tehran Bazaar is one of the traditional and local institutions of Iranian society. During the Pahlavi period, Iran's political system, relying on a kind of modernist ideology, undertook policies that weakened Tehran's Bazaar, but with the occurrence of the Islamic Revolution, it was expected that in the light of the ideology of the Islamic Republic system, which emphasized a kind of local modernity, the Bazaar would take the path of strengthening and revitalization. Therefore, this article studies the consequences of urban policies on the status and position of the Bazaar in Tehran in the post-revolutionary period. In this study, a combination of interviews with experts and document study was used, and the data were analyzed and summarized using content analysis. Urban policies implemented and affecting Tehran Bazaar have been examined under the three main categories of "Transferring the functions of the Tehran Bazaar to commercial centers", "Strengthening the tourism function of the Tehran Bazaar and "Protecting and revitalizing the Tehran Bazaar". The overall result of these policies has been to weaken the Bazaar in most functions and to intensify the process of transforming the Tehran Bazaar from a multifunctional social institution to a purely commercial institution.

Performing physical activity is one of the inexpensive and available interventions in the field of self-care of gestational diabetes. Changing and modifying health behaviors in individuals can lead to preventing or delaying the disease and its complications. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of physical activity counselling based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on glycemic indexes in women with gestational diabetes. In a randomized clinical trial, the effect of counselling based on TPB was investigated in 50 women with gestational diabetes. The eligible subjects were assigned to two groups (control and intervention) using randomized block design; then, glycemic indexes were measured (pre- and post-intervention). Data were analyzed using independent and paired t-test. In this study, the mean FBS (p=0.028), hemoglobin A1C (p=0.008), 2-hour postprandial blood sugar (p=0.002) and the number of admission (p<0.001) in the intervention group decreased compared to the control group, and the mean physical activity at home (p<0.001), sports fields (p<0.001), transportation (p=0.015), tendency to physical activity (p<0.001), attitude toward physical activity (p<0.001), abstract norms (p=0.001) and perceived control (p<0.001) significantly increased. Considering the positive effects of intervention on controlling glycemic indexes, physical activity counseling can be considered as one of the effective strategies for controlling gestational diabetes, especially using health education theory.

It has been shown that the opioidergic system exerts widespread effects on cognitive functions. Interactions between opioid and serotonin receptors have been reported in some brain structures such as the dorsal hippocampus, thus a functional interaction between opioids and serotonin seems possible concerning memory control. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of CA1 5-HT3 receptor agonist on memory acquisition deficit induced by morphine. In this study, we used 96NMRI mice. These mice were divided into twelve equal groups that received different doses of 5-HT3recepto ragonist, different doses of morphine and a combination of morphine and serotonin 5-HT3 receptor agonist. Morphine was injected into the peritoneum, while 5-HT3 receptor agonist M-Chlorophenylbiguanide (M-chl) was administered via intra-hippocampal injection. A step-down passive avoidance test was used for the evaluation of memory. Pre-training intra-peritoneal administration of morphine (5 mg/kg) induced amnesia. Moreover, pre-training intra-CA1 administration of 5-HT3 receptor agonist (M-Chl) (0.5 ng/mouse) impaired memory acquisition. Furthermore, intra-CA1 injection of M-Chl (0.005ng/mouse) reversed impairment of memory acquisition induced by morphine (5 mg/kg). The results demonstrated the existence of a synergistic effect between hippocampal 5-HT3 receptor agonists and opioidergic receptors.

The importance of people-produced sociable spaces as opposed to planned and design spaces such as parks and cafés, is manifest in the opportunities the former offer for socialising and responding to a wide range of people’s needs. Using demographic qualitative methods, the present research identifies sociable spaces, bringing together urban sociology and urban design to describe the built environment’s physical characteristics and facilitating socialising moods in people’s everyday life. Due to its bonds with people’s everyday life, Guisha High Street is chosen as the case to study a wide range of social behaviours and moods. Research data is initially collected through field observations, behavioural mapping, shared observations, and then through deep group interviews in four groups of five people and 10 individual interviews. Descriptive analyses of the findings indicate that sociable spaces are formed on edges, thresholds, and urban amenities. The production of these spaces through people’s discovery and appropriation is interpreted based on five themes: being in the district centre, searching the environment, creative strategies, normative suspension, and pleasures of socialisation.

The Multiple sclerosis is chronic and progressive neurological disease. MS is a Leading to various symptoms such as imbalance. Focus af attention is one of the major components of learning skill motor that is divided into two parts internal focus and external focus. Identifying the best type of focus can be an improved Problem of imbalance and fall risk in MS patients significantly. This research is quasi-experimental. A total of 30 patients with MS participated in this study with (20-45) age range. Patients were divided into 3 groups: internal focus، near external focus and far external focus. Each group with specific instructions had to keep their balance on Biodex. Results showed that a significant level of acquisition for internal group was p=0/41، for near external group p= 0/01 and for far external group p=0/002 Significance level was considered as p ≤ 0/05. These results indicated that internal focus of attention on the acquisition and learning the balance task was not effective، While the instructions for far and near external focus on the acquisition and learning the balance task were effective and patients may lead to improved balance. For data collection، tool was used to measure balance. Balance of participants in both near and far external instructions were improved and progressed in both groups but the average performance of these two groups was almost better than the one with internal instructions.