فهرست مطالب فاطمه سادات حسینی خواه

Seed deterioration of seed is one of the most important limiting or even hindering factors in germination. The main purpose of this study was to determine the effects of salicylic acid and gibberellic acid hormonal on improvement and prevailing seed deterioration in two sesame cultivars. This studywere carried out at the Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Seed Laboratories of College of Agriculture، University of Tehran (Karaj) during 2012-2013. The sesamum cultivars Darab2 and Darab14were the ones studied. The experiment was designed as a factorial of completely randomized design with tree replication. First، germination characteristic measured and then seeds were aged through Controlled deterioration test. Treatments including: two sesamum cultivars; 2 level deterioration (24 and 48 hr) with controlled; and 6 hormonal concentration (25، 50، 100ppm giberellic acid - 25، 50، 100 ppmsalicylic acid) with controlled. The characteristics were measured، including: germination percentage (%)، germination index (GI)، germination speed (GS)، vigor1 and vigor2. Hormonal treatments were applied to both pre-treatmentand post-treatmentin two separate experiments. The results showed that seed deterioration in both level reduced seed trait measured. Darab14 the more resistant to deterioration than darab2. But، with primed hormonal concentration in two conditions pre-treatment and post-treatment، investigated characteristics for two cultivars improvement and prevailing deterioration had taken place. In Darab 2، all concentrations of gibberellic acid in 24 h deterioration level in testing hormonal pre- treatments were better. But، in Darab 14، at both levels deterioration، the hormonal post-treatment showed better results. Our results suggested that salicylic acid 50 ppm، was the most effective treatment in this study.

Efficient use of natural and biological cycles such as nitrogen fixation by legumes may stimulate yield of the non-legumes crops in an intercropped system. To evaluate spring barley and annual medic intercropping، an experiment was conducted in the research field of Tehran University in Karaj، Iran، in 2009-2010 growing season. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications and 14 treatments were used. Treatments included: B1:1M، B2:2M، B4:4M، B6:6M، B6:2M، B4:2M، B2:4M، B2:6M، B100%: 20%M، B100%: 40%M، B40%: 100%M، B20%: 100%M and two additional treatments of barley and annual medic sole crop were established. The highest dry matter yield for barely and annual medic was achieved from sole crop (2900 kg ha-1 for barely and 1773 kg ha-1 for annual medic، respectively). The highest forage water soluble carbohydrates (WSC = 15. 42%)، forage crude fiber (CF = 38. 40%)، silage neutral detergent fiber (NDs = 44. 72%)، silage pH (pH = 5. 31) belonged to sole crop of barley. Also، the highest silage acid detergent fiber (ADF = 26. 42%) and forage acid detergent fiber (ADF = 30. 88%) belonged to sole crop of annual medic. The highest seed yield for barely and annual medic was achieved from sole crop (1907 kg ha-1 for barely and 877 kg ha-1 for annual medic، respectively) and the maximum harvest index (HI) was for B2:6M for barley (34. 75%) and B2:2M for annual medic (28%). The highest land equivalent ratio for dry forage yield (LER = 1. 232) was obtained from H1:1M. The highest land equivalent ratio (LER = 1. 29)، monetary advantage index (MAI = 1329877. 5 toman) and relative crowding coefficient (RCC = 2. 79) for seed yield obtained for B6:2M mixture. Results suggested that the suitable mixture for dry matter yield was B1:1M. For achieving better silage and forage quality، higher ratio of annual medic in mixtures with barley is necessary. Results also suggested that the suitable mixture for seed yield was B6:2M.

Efficient use of natural and biological cycles such as nitrogen fixation by legumes may stimulate yield of non-legumes crops in an intercropped system. In order to evaluate spring barley (H) and annual alfalfa (M) intercropping, a study was conducted in the research field of University of Tehran (located in karaj) during 2009-2010 growing season. In this research, a randomized complete block design with 4 replications and 14 treatments were used. Treatments include: H1:1M, H2:2M, H4:4M, H6:6M, H6:2M, H4:2M, H2:4M, H2:6M, H100%:20%M, H100%:40%M, H40%:100%M, H20%:100%M and two additional treatments of barley and alfalfa sole intercropping were established. The highest cumulative dry forage yield was achieved from treatment H1:1M (2934 Kg/ha). The maximum forage crude protein (CPf=30.87%), dry matter digestibility (DMDf=76.57%) and silage crude protein (CPs=17.88%) was detected in sole culture of alfalfa. Also, the highest silage dry matter digestibility (DMDs=31.37%) and silage ash (18.73%) belong to H4:2M, H6:2M, respectively. The highest land equivalent ratio (LER=1.232), and relative crowding coefficient (RCC=2.60) was detected for H1:1M mixture. Our results suggested that the best mixture is H1:1M for quantity yield. For achieving better quality, more percentage of alfalfa in mixtures is necessary.