فاطمه نبی پور

substances can effect on the Hypothalamus-hypophysis-ovary and affect the performance of the Addictive substances can affect the reproductive system and they affect the secretion of gonadotropins. Morphine significantly reduces plasma LH levels in all range groups of men and women. Most illicit drugs and opioids, including morphine, are associated with decreased physical stimulation, decreased libido, decreased ability to reach orgasm (in women), and delayed or stopped ejaculation in men. Morphine can pose a serious threat to fertility and pregnancy by causing abnormal changes in the cell structure and lining of the endometrium. In this study, due to the common use of morphine as a narcotic that leads to addiction and the lack of information on the effect of morphine on ovum in culture medium, the effect of morphine on cell development and its fertility in culture medium has been investigated.

Sixteen female mice with average weight 20-24gm divided into control and treated groups. During three weeks, treated group got access water infected with 0/4 mg/ml morphine sulfate. In order to superovulation, pregnant mare serum gonadotropin injected. Animals sacrificed and ovaries removed. The cumulus-Oocyte complex from the ovaries transferred to medium. After 24 hours, Oocytes containing the first polar body was transferred to in vitro fertilization medium. Male mice was sacrificed and spermatozoids from vas deferens stored in incubator for 2 hours, and then sperms transferred into IVF medium. Finally, the Oocytes observed for second polar body or two cell.

The mean ovarian weight of the control and treatment group was 6.95 mg and 7.2 mg respectively that was not significant. In control group out of 128 metaphase I Ooctytes, 89 metaphase II ovum (69.53%) and in treatment group 99 metaphase II ovum were obtained from 140 metaphase I Oocytes (70.71%) (p = 0.051). Also in control group 29 case positive fertilization from 89 MII Oocytes(32.58%) and in treatment group 31 cases positive fertilization from 99 MII Oocytes(31.31%) was acquired(p=0.051).

It seems that despite its dependence on the animal, morphine does not interfere with the resumption and completion of meiotic division and thus does not impair egg fertility in the culture medium.

Recently, due to increased Candida infection and frequent recurrence and due to the resistance of Candida species to most antifungal drugs, for the first time, antifungal properties of methanolic, n-hexane and aqueous extracts from different parts of Echium italicum were compared with antibiotics. In this study, methanol, n-hexane and aqueous extracts from different parts of the plant were prepared in different concentrations by soaking method And on two species of Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis by disk diffusion method and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration), MFC (minimum fungicidal concentration of growth) by micro dilution method. Antibiotics Nystatin and Fluconazole were used as a positive control and DMSO was used as a negative control. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and t-test. The results showed that different extracts from the root of the plant showed more antifungal activity than the aerial part of the plant against both species of Candida (P<0/05). The methanolic extract of the root showed the highest mean diameter of growth and the lowest MIC (15.62 μg/μl) and MFC (31.25 μg/μl) against Candida glabrata as inhibitory diameter of growth the methanolic extract in concentration of 5mg/ml (18.5±0.5) was higher than Nystatin antibiotic inhibitory diameter of growth for Candida glabrata. The results showed that the extracts of this plant have antifungal effects on both Candida species and after supplementary and clinical trials as an appropriate antifungal agent against Candida glabrata infection and Tropicalis infection.

The bio-production method has been respected due to the lack of energy consumption and environmental compatibility. In this study, the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles was investigated from the extract of Fumaria Parviflora and its antioxidant and anti-bacterial properties compared to two common antibiotics.

First, aqueous extract of Fumaria Parviflorawas prepared and admixed with AgNo3solution at a concentration of 1 mM. After changing the color of extract, the reaction product was examined by spectrophotometric, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Finally, antioxidant properties and antibacterial properties of synthesized nanoparticles were investigated using DPPH method and disk diffusion method, respectively. Also, the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration of growth and MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) were determined by two methods of microdilution and dilution in the tube.

The synthesized silver nanoparticles showed the most absorbance at 430 nm and had a spherical shape with an average size of 10-50 nm. The synthesized nanoparticles have antioxidant properties with IC50 of 21 μg / ml.The results of the antibacterial studies showed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles had more antibacterial activity against the gram-positive bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus than the gram-negative bacteria of Escherichia coli.

The extract of Fumaria Parviflora has the ability of reducing Ag+ ion to silver nanoparticles. Also, synthesized silver nanoparticles have good antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

Teucrium polium (TP) is amongst the commonly used remedies in traditional medicine. Some reports have claimed hepatotoxicity of TP but other reports have not supported it. This study was designed to evaluate the probable hepatotoxicity of TP.

Petroleum ether fraction of TP was dissolved in DMSO and the final concentration was adjusted by diluting in physiologic saline. TP was administered intra peritonealy one time a week for 3 weeks at doses of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. Five mg/kg Paclitaxel was used in positive control group and 0.5% DMSO was administered in negative control group. The weight gain was assessed every other week. By the end of the treatment period, the animals were deeply anesthetized and blood samples were obtained from the left ventricle for biochemical analyses. Liver function tests as well as triglyceride, cholesterol and glucose was assessed later. The left lobe of the liver was removed, fixed and stained for histopathologic evaluations.

Weight gain was significantly lower in animals that received 400mg/Kg TP compared with negative controls. No significant histopathologic changes were detected among the various experimental groups. Also, no significant differences were detected considering inflammatory cells in liver. ALT, AST, glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride was comparable among the groups but gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and ALP differed significantly between control and some treated animals.

It can be concluded that high doses of TP affect weight gain and also some liver parameters but do not affect the histologic structure of the liver.