فرحناز شاکه نیا

Background and Coping strategies and quality of attachment are important variables in mental health of children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to compare quality of attachment and coping strategies in students with and without Obsessive - Compulsive Disorder (OCD).
The statistical population was consisted all elementary school female students of fourth and fifth grades in Shiraz city in 2016. .In this study, 60 female students with and without OCD were selected by convenience sampling method as a sample (30 students in each group). To collect the data, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Goodman & et al, 1989), Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment- Revised for children (Gullon & Robinson, 2005) and Children’s Coping Behavior Questionnaire (Brittany & Hernandez, 2008) were used. Data were analyzed using Multivariable analyze of variance.
Results of MANOVA revealed that children with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) have greater self-alienation (P Early diagnosis of problems in coping strategies and quality of attachment and appropriate intervention can have a positive effect in prevention and treatment of OCD.

The present research was done with the aim of spiritual training effectiveness on the amount of stress and general health of mothers of children with mental retardation. The research type was experimental with control and experimental groups. Population included all mothers ofmental retarded children in Aligoodarz city in 2012. The sample under study here were 30 mothers of children with mental retardation chosen by random sampling who were assigned randomly into 15-person experimental and control groups. Then was done the spiritualitytraining on experimental group in 8 sessions for two months. Reseachinstruments were Male­k­­­­poor Stress Questionnaireand General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). The results of analysis of covariance showed، that effectiveness of spirituality training on the stress reduction of mothers has significanted (P<0. 05(. Effectiveness of training on generalhealth improvement، reduction of physical symptoms and depression symptoms was also significant (P<0. 05(، But was no significant effect on social dysfunction and anxiety (P>0. 05). According to the effectiveness of spirituality training on stress reduction and general health improvement، it can be used in order to educational and therapeutic planning asa supplement together withotherinterventions related tothe problems of stress and general health threatening.

The aim of this study was to examin if perceived effects can predispose male adolescents to addiction. The population included addicted male adolescents in Tehran Reformatory and male high school students from District the two in Tehran in 2012. The sample was 33 of addicted male adolescents from Reformatory Who were selected via purposeful random sampling، and 33 students of male high school students which were chosen by cluster sampling. The research type was qualitative. Data were collected by an open-ended questionnaire، a semi-structured interview. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Descriptive statistical analyses and frequency tables were used. The Chi square test was used to examine the differences between groups. The addicted sample in the three factors of family، attachment and belief had more pathology than students. Chi square findings revealed a significant difference between the two groups regarding indices of their parents education، age، job، life status، number of siblings، conflict of parents، emotional deprivation، feelings of deprivation and failure، childhood deprivation، and attention to social and religious values (P<0. 001). There was no a significant difference regarding the feeling of being inferior or worthless among family members (P>0. 005). The findings have important implications concerning prevention and therapy for adolescents disposed to addiction.

he purpose of this paper was to determine the effectiveness of child- based attachment therapy approach on the amount of depression systems and quality of attachment of primary school boys. The research type is quasi -experimental with control and experimental groups. Population included all fourth and fifth grade primary school boys in the city of Isfahan in 2011 (1390s. c.). the sample under study here were 30 depressed students of fourth and fifth grades chosen by random multi-stapec stage sampling who were assigned randomly to control and experimental groups. To measure children depression rate، the tool used in this study was Child Depression Inventory (CDI ((Kovacs، 1981). Also، children attachment rate was measured through inventory of parent and Peer Attachment Revised for children (IPPA-R) (Gullon & Robinson، 2005 (. The interventions induded 6 sessions which were based on child–oriented attachment therapy for the experimental group، while the control group did not receive any treatment. The results of descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance showed، that child based attachment therapy significantly reduces depression and its dimensions (interpersonal problems، ineffectiveness، anhedonia، negative mood، negative self-esteem) (P<0. 0 5 (and also increases quality of attachment and its dimensions (trust، relationship، self-alienation) (P<0. 0 5 (in the experimental group.

Children with low self-esteem are ready to suffering from depression and depression effects on life quality and educational function Thus، the present research was done with the aim of a happiness training program effectiveness in decreasing depression symptoms، its dimensions، and self esteem of children. A quasi- experimental study with a control and a training group، covering pre-testing and post-testing، was conducted on 30 elementary school students of the first educational division of Isfahan city in 2012. The subjects had the appropriate properties of the research and were randomly selected using purposive method based on the criteria. and Interventions included 5 weekly 60 minute group sessions teaching happiness to children and 7 weekly 40 minute group sessions for mothers. In order to assess the children’s depression and self-esteem، CDI and RSS were applied pre and post-intervention ally The obtained data was analysed SPSS software (V: 16) employing descriptive statistics and one-variable co-variance at the significant level ……………….. . Happiness training programs had significant effects on the decreasing of total depression symptoms، negative mood،، interpersonal problems، anhedonia، negative self-esteem، and children’s self-esteem of the experimental group (P<0. 05). But، the programs were not significantly effective in frustration (P>0. 05). Interactive effect of gender and group membership on self-esteem and depression was not significant، too. Happiness teaching programs can decrease depression symptoms n and increase children’s self-esteem. Therefore، it is necessary to take these programs into account while employing other depression treatments.

Peavalu on sage sümptom، mis võib olla tõsine problem iga inimese igas vanuserühmas. Several studies have shown that the prevalence of migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) varied between different geographical regions. Since there is little known about this in the country the current research has been conducted with the aim of estimating the prevalence of these types of migraines، reporting and comparing their clinical characteristics in this region of Iran. This study conducted on 1150 admitted patients by first diagnosis of headache in Farabi hospital in Kermanshah during a period of one year from 2010 till 2011. Case definition was based on International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) criteria. Among these، 350 patients were diagnosedd as headache patients and completed the International Headache Schedule form. Data were analyzed by the use of descriptive frequency and percentage SPSS 16 software. The results indicate that women were stricken more than men by headache (P<0. 0001). Migraine was more prevalent in the age groups of 30-41 that included 54 individual (15. 4%). the tension headache was more common among the age group of 42-53 that constitute 58 people (%23. 3) of the participants. A significant correlation was also reported between the position and type of the headache (P<0. 0001). Findings of this research showed that 20. 4% of people with migraine and nearly 9 percent (9%) of persons with tension headaches have lost their job because of their headaches. There is meaningful relation between tension headaches and experience into their second job struggling (P<0. 026). It is concluded that migraine and tension headaches seem two separate diseases and none of them has any effect on the other. Headache requires more attention and it should be، diagnosed and managed appropriately.