فهرست مطالب فرزانه خسروانی

The reform of the structure in the health system has made many changes with the aim of improving this system. One of them is the health system transformation plan, which has led to the introduction of new mechanisms, which have complicated communication, challenges and, finally, serious conflicts between insurance organizations and hospitals.In this study, in order to improve the inter-organizational problems, the conflicts and contradictions between the stakeholders of this issue have been studied and structured.In this paper, participants were first identified using the journey making. Then, by drawing a power-interest diagram, the role of each participant was determined, and the main actors were identified. Next, the problem of hospital waste management actors was structured by drama theory. Therefore, the priorities and decision options of each of the actors at a negotiating table were analyzed and the problems of non-cooperation and conflict between them were evaluated. Finally, strategies to solve problems in the management of hospital wastes were presented.The results show that the most conflict between waste organizations and hospitals is formed and the most important type of problem between organizations is the problem of rejecting each other's options.Conflicts caused by rejection dilemma can be considered as the best type of conflict that can be turned into cooperation by negotiating options and a little flexibility, compromise and, of course, innovation in offering newer options.

Hospital waste is the second most hazardous waste after radioactive waste. Although this waste threatens the health of citizens and the environment, disagreements between responsible organizations have made the management of hospital waste a serious problem. Inefficient management of this waste and the increase of its volume due to the spread of the coronavirus disease have increased the need to study this issue. So, this issue in the country requires accurate scientific, practical, and technical frameworks calculated according to the waste management law and relevant executive regulations. Therefore, in this study, to improve the inter-organizational problems of waste management, the conflicts and contradictions between the stakeholders of this issue were studied and structured.

In this paper, participants were first identified using the journey-making method. Then, by drawing a power-interest diagram, the role of each participant was determined, and the main actors were identified. Next, the problem of hospital waste management actors was structured by the drama theory. 

The results showed that according to the priorities and decision options of the five main actors at the negotiating table, there are many problems of non-cooperation and conflict between them. The most conflict is formed between waste organizations and hospitals and the most important type of problem between organizations is the problem of rejecting each other's options.

Conflicts caused by rejection dilemmas can be considered the best type of conflict that can be improved by compromise and cooperation of organizations with each other. In this situation, these conflicts can be turned into cooperation by negotiating, flexibility, compromise, and of course, innovation in offering newer options.

Considering the complexity of developing a strategy for the Thermal Power Plant Holding, this paper focuses on structuring the strategy development for this company. Problem Structuring methods, facilitate the process of deep identification of the problems in an integrated context. A process that takes different steps to identify the problem and its complexities, and ultimately, the result is the formulation of the organization's main strategies based on real conditions. The result of such an effort is to formulate a strategy that is adapted to real implementation situations and can predict confrontations in advance. In this research, a new methodology called JOURNEY Making has been adapted. The data gathered from 20 experts, consultants, and senior experts of Thermal Power Plant Holding with interviews and questionnaires. Finally, 10 steps of JOURNEY Making were implemented and 4 major scenarios were designed.

Energy is one of the most important keys to achieve prosperity and sustainable development in the economic and political systems. Energy extraction, storage, transmission and its consumption is coupled with environmental pollution. Achieving long-term and major goals in the field of energy and its supply and observance of environmental priorities require planning and developing functional and operational strategies. Green supply chain management, is a concept that has been formed in the recent years to ensure the provision of environmental priorities and social responsibilities of institutions and organizations at all stages of production, transmission and consumption of the product. Developing strategies for the production of energy along with the observance of the green supply chain management standards, is a complex, time consuming and costly process that includes consideration of various groups. Each of the impressive and impressionable groups has different levels of interest and power that their role for participating in the development of the strategies is defined according to them. Ignorance of the role of each of the various groups can result in the lack of proper implementation of the developed strategy. In this paper, the participants have been identified with JOURNEY making approach. Then the relationships between these identified participants have been illustrated by Power/Interest Grid. In the final step, for structuring the problem of green gas supply chain strategy making, the Drama Theory have been utilized. Using this approach in Soft OR, led us systematically and comprehensively know better the preferences and options of each identified party and the probable confrontation and cooperation between them. The Options Board and Tug of War are two illustrating figures that helps to find out existing dilemmas.

Most of the time، Groups/Communities are involved in negotiations and disputations due to their various interests. They are always trying to pursuit their aspiration to embrace changes and influence on events. Although sometimes these groups are not completely opposed to each other and their intention is just to get the desired results، almost always their conditions are in contrast with each other. These conflicts prevent negotiators from approaching desired acceptable solutions. For improving the negotiations، resolving the conflicts and reaching satisfactory decisions، Drama theory is applied. This theory is based on game theory. In this paper، Iran Nuclear talks with 5+1 Group will be discussed as an applicable case for drama theory.

Selecting a portfolio has always been a significant issue in Financial Management. The models presented for selecting the best portfolio have some deficiencies and after some time, their deficiencies would be revealed and they will be replaced by some other models. One of the problems with those models is neglecting the multifaceted indices and dimensions for final evaluation of portfolio, and these efficiencies will bring the validity of the evaluation results under question. In order to remove these efficiencies, one can use DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) technique which is one of the MCDM (Multi-Criteria Decision Making) techniques. In this paper, two models have been presented; one finds the most efficient portfolio and the other one finds the most inefficient. In this paper, 95 companies now present in Tehran Stock Market have been investigated. The results demonstrate that out of those 95 companies, seven companies are efficient and 8 companies are utterly inefficient.

High competition among universities and their efforts toward providing the most qualified services for gaining a higher level of international stance have made the need for a comprehensive approach to assess institution’s performance essential. The design and implementation of an assessment system is a vital requirement for an organization to determine the level of goal achievement and is helpful in identifying its life cycle. The identification of a university’s life cycle could aid management planning in a manner that the organization is always maintained in the stage of development and maturity; otherwise aging period and following that death could be expected. The use of novel measures and approaches for identifying the university’s life cycle and stance could be much beneficial in management and direction of higher education centers. Therefore, in this study a fuzzy approach was utilized to identify the life cycle of universities. This research was carried out through four aspects of education, research, international and culture facet, and facilities within the years of 1370 to 1387 at Tarbiat Modaress University. Results showed that this university has been at the stage of introduction in 1370 and 1371, and in the meantime of 1372 to 1380 it has been at the stage of growth, and afterwards it has been at the stage of maturity.

To improve organizations competitive positions, managers need to utilize knowledge management in order to maintain existing knowledge, and acquire new knowledge. Efforts made in organizations in terms of knowledge management may be divided into two main parts. First, the organizational capability in learning new knowledge known as Organizational Learning. Second, is the need for putting away existing knowledge known as Organization Forgetting in order to acquire fresh knowledge? This paper aimed to identify Organization Forgetting. In this paper, after a wide literature review, three dimensions of Organizational Forgetting (the type, the outcome, and the method) have been identified. In order to measure these dimensions, a questionnaire containing 25 questions was designed. Simple random sampling was used for data gathering. Using Structural Equation Modeling, the three dimensions of Organizational Forgetting were measured. Pearson correlation coefficient was applied to test three hypotheses. Our findings showed that there are significant relationships between the type, the outcome and the method of Organizational Forgetting.

Today, electronic commerce is one of the key issues of almost any business. Electronic commerce is defined as the exchange between surroundings Including organization and people; the exchange which is based on information technology. Electronic commerce promotes communication and economic openness in national and international levels; electronic commerce changes the way a business works and therefore transforms traditional markets into new forms. Internet shopping is one of the new methods of purchasing. This method entails so many advantages and includes a great amount of buying and selling all around the world. Since our country has moved toward that way, identification of factors influencing buying on the internet would help fulfilling this movement. In this paper, effective factors on the internet shopping would be introduced and then by use of Group Fuzzy ANP Technique, the factors’ priorities will be defined. We concluded that risk of shopping is the most important factor identified. Among other important conclusions we came to is that consumers consider it useful internet shopping and confide in it.

Risk is a potential which causes problems in the implementation of project and fulfillment of objectives. Risk is the innate part of all the projects and it is impossible to eliminate it completely though it can be managed effectively in order to reduce its effects on achieving the project’s objectives. It may occur in the future or not, but itsoccurrence at least affects one objective including area, time, costs or quality. Therefore identification, analysis and ranking of risk would play a significant role in the fulfillment of project. In this paper, we applied PMBOK Standard for identification of project risk for theconstruction of flyover junctions in Boushehr Province, and then we used Fuzzy AHP Technique and Fuzzy TOPSIS Technique for ranking of risk.

Insurance industry is among those industries which plays a significant role in modern economics and internal/external commerce. Performance evaluation and ranking of insurance companies identifies the overall position of the enterprise in the industry and market, enhances the information of stakeholders and also increases their competitiveness and dynamic status of industry and social development. This research paper seeks to evaluate and rank the performance of insurance companies in Iran using balanced score-card (BSC) and MADM. In this paper, we investigated state, private and also free trade area insurance companies using techniques like TOPSIS, VIKOR and ANP. The results demonstrate that the most important aspects of BSC in ranking of insurance companies are financial and customer. Also, we conclude that state insurance companies perform is better than other companies and Iran insurance company performed better than other companies.

The most important concern for organizations,today, is the formulation and implementation of strategies which guarantees the success and survival of the firm in turbulent and complex environmental circumstances. This research seeks to propose a framework for strategy formulation in organizations. The case we examined in this paper is Mozhd E Vasl. This research is a kind of descriptive analytical. After studying mission statement, we identified the internal and external factors affecting the performance of the firm and formed internal factor evaluation matrix and external factor evaluation matrix. With respect to the information achieved in previous steps, we used SWOT matrix and internal-external matrix for comparison and adoption. After that, we applied position evaluating and strategic act to identify possible strategies. In the next step, we used qualitative strategic planning matrix and Fuzzy TOPSIS technique and Fuzzy SAW in order to rank the proposed strategies and at last we select the best strategy combining the results gained. Finally, this research concluded that seven competitive strategies have been selected, and the results showed product development is the first priority for improvement of strategy status in this manufacturing plant.