فرشید الازمنی

In contemporary times, painful diabetic neuropathy is highly prevalent among the diabetic population. The primary cause of its neglect and lack of timely treatment lies in the medical staff's insufficient understanding of its pathogenesis. This study aims to discuss recently FDA-approved pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment methods.

To conduct this study, keywords such as "Painful diabetic neuropathies," "Diabetes," "Anticonvulsant drugs," and "Pathological mechanisms" were used to search PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The search focused exclusively on clinical and pre-clinical studies related to painful diabetic neuropathy, with studies on other types of neuropathy excluded. Initially, 256 relevant articles were identified, and after eliminating duplications and irrelevant results, 66 studies were selected for the study's purpose.

Current disease management involves controlling blood sugar, addressing lifestyle-related risk factors, and managing the pathogenesis. Treatments that significantly reduce painful diabetic neuropathy primarily involve agents affecting ion channels. Recent research has shifted focus to mechanisms such as the polyol pathway, hexamine pathway, PKC, and oxidative stress to manage pain instead of the traditional approach based on ion channels.

Present agents like duloxetine and opioids exhibit limited efficacy and pose long-term side effects. While complementary and alternative treatments show effectiveness, they often encounter several limitations in clinical settings.

Background & Aims:

Accidental hypothermia is a common complication in trauma patients. Hospitalization of these patients in the Operating Room (OR) can greatly affect the prevalence of inadvertent hypothermia. Due to the negative patient's outcomes, the aim of this study was to investigate its prevalence and related risk factors among trauma patients in the OR.

This prospective observational study was conducted on trauma patients who underwent surgery in the OR department of the Educational and Treatment Center of Mousavi in Zanjan. In this study, 59 eligible patients were selected using convenience sampling method in December 2017. Individual, clinical, environmental and care variables related to hypothermia were collected by a researcher and recorded in a researcher-made data sheet.

The majority of patients (66.1%) were men. The mean and standard deviation of their age was 46.8 (17.7) years. The most common mechanism of trauma was blunt trauma (66.1%) and the main cause of trauma was motor vehicle crash (45.8%). The prevalence of accidental hypothermia in the OR was 67.8%. Eighteen independent variables were entered into the logistic regression model as factors related to accidental hypothermia, and in the final step of the model, low systolic blood pressure (OR=1.141, P=0.022), low blood oxygen saturation (OR=2.229, P=0.009), and inadequate clothing and coverage of patients (OR=8.354, P=0.039) were identified as risk factors. High OR ambient temperature (OR=0.126, P=0.035) and short duration of surgery (OR=0.086, P=0.016) also acted as protective factors.

In the current study, a significant part of surgical patients was hypothermic during operation and factors such as surgery time, systolic blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, ambient temperature of the OR, and the condition of the patients' clothing were found to be effective in its development. This study has aimed to emphasize the need for early identification of hypothermia and effective management of related factors in order to prevent unwanted consequences.

Gastrointestinal tract may act as a transmission route of infection apart from the respiratory tract in the spread of viral diseases. Covid pneumoniae 19 is a highly contagious infectious disease. There is growing evidence that patients with Covid 19 can develop gastrointestinal symptoms. The present study was performed to investigate the possibility of Covid 19 infection through the lower gastrointestinal tract.

The present study is a systematic review study using the English keywords Gastrointestinal, Endoscopy, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 in the international international databases Pub Med, Science Direct, Google scholar from January to May 2020. AD is done. The total search for related resources was 474 articles and finally 22 articles were selected.

Although Covid 19 often causes respiratory symptoms; But gastrointestinal manifestations may be just the first sign in some patients with Covid. Emerging evidence suggests persistence of SARS-Covid-2 virus RNA in fecal samples even after a negative breath test, and the gastrointestinal tract may be a potential route for transmission of Covid-19 infection.

We recommend that RT-PCR be performed before lower endoscopy; Even in cases where respiratory RT-PCR is negative, it can be considered as a standard in the guidelines of health commissions.
Keywords: Gastrointestinal tract, Endoscopy, Covid 19, SARS-Covid-2

Due to the growing trend of aging and chronic diseases in the country in order to reduce the effects of aging and disease, telephoning is the use of telecommunication technology to provide care and counseling to patients. Therefore, this study examines the role of trapping ness in the management of chronic diseases in the elderly.

The present study was conducted in a systematic review by searching for articles using the keywords Tele Nursing elderly, Chronic Diseases, and combining them in SID, Magiran and English, ScienceDirectPubmed and Scopus Persian databases. The title and abstract of the articles and the removal of duplicate items, the quality of the articles found using the JBI tool by the researchers, were reviewed and finally 43 articles were included in this study.

The effective role of tele-nursing in improving disease management in patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver, heart failure was seen in the reviewed articles and a study that violated the results was not found in the reviewed articles.

Tele Nursing plays an effective role in the management of chronic diseases, so the use of this technology in the country and providing a platform for the proper use of the elderly is important because it can have consequences. It has desirable costs such as reducing the costs on the health care system and long-term hospitalizations, which requires strengthening the infrastructure and allocating sufficient funds.

Interview is one of the well-known methods of qualitative data collection. Today, the interview is considered as an interactive practice. In recent decades, social scientists has increasingly considered the role elite play in the production of qualitative data and also, doing interview with these people in the community, and methodological issues about interviewing them have been interested by scholars.       

This review study was conducted through a systematic search in the field of interview, and interview with elite, in literature published between 1980 and 2018, by search engine/ database Google Scholar, ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus Sciencs Direct, using the selected keywords. Finally, 44 articles and 2 books in this field, all in English, were retrieved, reviewed and evaluated.

This review study includes the definition of elite, the benefits and interviewing, the role of power in interviewing, approaches and preparation, and challenges in interviewing with organizational elite and some strategies to guide the interview. The overall purpose of this article is to provide an introduction to researchers who have recently wanted to interview elite.

An interview with the elite can play an important role for many researches that have portrayed the history and development of a phenomenon over the past half century. By gaining experience, an interviewer can learn techniques that overcome these problems and turn the challenges into an opportunity that results in better quality interviewing.

The rapid global emergence of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19, could potentially result in life-threatening pneumonia, especially among susceptible popualtions, including pregnantwomen. However, little is known about COVID-19 during perganacy and its transmission to the neonates. The present study was aimed to review the literature to examine wether the COVID-19 could result in higher mortality rate among pregnant women. The vertical transmission of the disease to the fetus was also evaluated.

The principal electronic databases including, Google scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus were searched carefully using appropriate English terms between the January and March 2020 to identify related articles. A number of 317 intial articles were found which after filtering based on the inclusion criteria only 20 were found to be eligble and reviewd in this study.

The results showed that pregnant women are more prone to the COVID-19. Premature birth was the most common complication of pregnancy among these cases. The RT-PCR tests were negative for amniotic fluid, breast milk, placental and umbilical cord blood, as well as vaginal fluid in pregnant women with COVID-19, even among those women whose babies tested positive for coronavirus. No evidence of vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 pneumonia was found. Neonatal infection with COVID-19 was observed only for a limited number of pregnant women who were positive for the disease.

Based on the fidings, no vertical intrauterine transmission was found among pregnant women positive for COVI-19. Pregnant women who tested postove for COVID-19 at their late trimester may experience no complications. However, further studies should be conducted on the impact of COVID-19 on the fetal development in positive pregnant cases.

An effective health system can only be provided by providing good health services to the community. The purpose of this study is "The importance of monitoring the health of patients by nurses and their impact on the quality of nursing care to the patient."

This study aimed to evaluate the importance of monitoring the health of patients by nurses and their impact on the quality of nursing care services. Referring to the articles from 2006 to 1396, the content of the articles was examined.

The results of previous years research showed that increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of nurses 'monitoring of patients increases the quality of nurse services and patients' satisfaction with the provided services.

Considering the importance of the ability of nurses to monitor the health of patients and the effect of this ability on the quality of the services provided, cooperation of senior nursing managers in the Ministry of Health, hospitals, faculties and instructors in order to precisely plan the increase of nursing supervisor skills can be Enhance the quality of services provided to patients.