فرهاد نظریان

To obtain a higher percentage of callogenesis and consequently the maximum number of plantlets, one of the most important procedures for transgenic plant production. To this end, a factorial experiment using completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications was carried out to assess the effect of cultivar (Marfona and Agria), type of explants(leaf and internode), Kanamycin concentration (50 mg/l and 100 mg/l) and medium (A, B, C, D1, D2) on callogenesis. Explants were transformed with pBIN19 construct harboring nptII. Analysis of variance of callus percentage showed that D2 medium, leaf explant, Marfona cultivar with an antibiotic concentration of 50 mg/l was identified as 100%. The lowest percentage of callus formation was observed in medium C with internode explants. When zeatin was the only growth hormone regulator, a higher percentage of callogenesis was observed. Moreover, leaf explants exhibited superiority over internode and marfona cultivar over agria counterparts, respectively. Results of these experiments showed that callus tissues from internode explants responded better to shoot regeneration in comparison to leaf driven calli. In conclusion, results of this study suggest, marfona leaf explants in the pretense of zeatin can be used for callus induction.

To study the effect of biochar and superabsorbent on the chemical composition of Satureja rechingeri Jamzad essential oil, under drought stress conditions, a factorial split-plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2018-2019 at the Medicinal Plant Research Farm of Lorestan University. Treatments included drought stress as the main plot at three levels (100, 80, and 60% of water requirement) and cow manure biochar at two levels (0 and 10 ton ha-1), and stockosorb hydrogel at three levels (0, 60, and 120 mg plant-1) as subplots. Twenty-four compounds were identified in aerial parts essential oil of the plant using GC-MS. The main constituents included carvacrol (76.6%), γ-terpinene (5.8%), p < /em>-cymene (3%), terpinen-4-ol (2.5%), 1,8-cineole (2%), and linalool (0.9%). The results showed that the highest amount of carvacrol (90.8%) was observed in severe moisture stress+biochar+60 mg stockosorb and the lowest (73.8%) was observed in stress-free control treatment with biochar+120 mg stockosorb. The results showed that interactions between drought stress and biochar had a significant effect on essential oil yield. Also, no correlation was observed between the presence and absence of stockosorb superabsorbent with different compounds of Satureja rechingeri essential oil.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important sources of plant food for human among the main crops globally. High temperature resulting from delay in planting is one major environmental factor limiting growth and production of wheat, especially in tropical regions. Terminal heat stress during the last phases of wheat development especially in booting, heading, anthesis and grain filling stages of the spring wheat cultivars is considered as one of the major environmental constraints that drastically reduces grain yield and yield components of wheat in Khuzestan province and other warm and dry regions of Iran. Most of the Iranian soils have a high pH and calcareous nature, so absorption of nutrients is limited in these soils. Mineral nutrition of plants plays a critical role in increasing plant resistance to environmental stresses. Zinc is a ubiquitous micronutrient. It is required as a structural and functional component of many enzymes and proteins, and increases the yield and yield components of wheat. Boron is essential for pollen viability, flowering, fruiting and seed production. As a micronutrient, it plays a vital role in nitrogen metabolism, hormonal action, and cell division.

To evaluate the remobilization of photosynthetic materials and their contribution in the formation of grain yield of two bread wheat cultivars affected by terminal heat stress and zinc and boron foliar application, an experiment was conducted as split-split plot based on randomized complete blocks design with 3 replications in Ramhormoz city. The experimental factors were included planting date in two levels optimum (November 21) and late (January 5) to coincide growth terminal stages with high temperatures as the main factor, foliar application in four levels with water (control), zinc, boron and zinc + boron as the sub factor and two cultivars of bread wheat Pishtaz and Chamran 2 as the sub-sub factor.

The results showed that terminal heat stress caused by delay in planting increased significantly traits of stored photosynthetic materials remobilization from stem and spike to seed and relative contribution of stem and spike reserves in grain yield, but decreased significantly traits of current photosynthesis and its relative contribution in yield, and grain yield of two bread wheat cultivars of Pishtaz and Chamran. Zinc and boron foliar application reduced significantly all of the above traits in both optimum and late planting dates except for the traits of current photosynthesis and its relative contribution in yield, and grain yield. Among the wheat cultivars cultivated, Chamran 2 cultivar had a significant advantage in traits of current photosynthesis and current photosynthesis relative contribution in yield and grain yield compared to Pishtaz cultivar, but in other traits this superiority was evident in Pishtaz cultivar.

In general, it can be attributed the main factor increasing grain yield of two bread wheat cultivars of Pishtaz and Chamran to improve current photosynthesis. As well as, it can be used from timely planting date, zinc and boron foliar application and suitable wheat cultivar such as Chamran 2 as three management strategies to reduce the harmful effects of terminal heat stress caused by late planting date in Ramhormoz city.

New and effective antimicrobial agents are inevitable because of the increased use of antibiotics and spread of microbial resistance. The expression of antimicrobial peptides that are part of the inherent immune system of all organisms, is a novel approach of confronting a wide range of pathogens. Among the wide range of antimicrobial peptides, Dermaseptin B1 is a potent cationic peptide with strong antimicrobial activity. In this study, Dermaseptin B1 (DrsB1) coding sequence from Phyllomedusa bicolor frogs was fused to a tandem repeat of a chitin-binding domain (CBD) from Cladosporium fulvum Avr4 effector protein and expressed in tobacco Hairy Roots (HRs). The expression of recombinant (CBD)2-DrsB1 peptide was confirmed, using molecular methods and its antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus subtilis bacteria. The results of antimicrobial activity analysis demonstrated that the recombinant protein had a significant (P

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important sources of plant food for human among the main crops globally. High temperature resulting from delay in planting is one major environmental factor limiting growth and production of wheat, especially in tropical regions. Most of the Iranian soils have high pH and calcareous nature, so absorption of nutrients is limited in these soils. Mineral nutrition of plants plays a critical role in increasing plant resistance to environmental stresses. Among the mineral nutrients, potassium plays a crucial role in the survival of crop plants under environmental stress conditions. Potassium is essential for many physiological processes, such as photosynthesis, maintenance of turgidity and activation of enzymes under stress conditions. Zinc is a ubiquitous micronutrient. It is required as a structural and functional component of many enzymes and proteins. To study the effect of potassium and zinc foliar application on growth physiological indices, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield of two bread wheat cultivars under late planting date, an experiment was conducted as split-split plot based on randomized complete blocks design with 16 treatments and three replications in Ramhormoz city during 2015-2016. The experimental factors were included planting date in two levels optimum (November 21) and late (January 5) as the main factor, nutrients foliar application in four levels (water as a control, potassium, zinc and combination potassium + zinc (each 3 l.ha-1)) as the sub factor and two cultivars of bread wheat Pishtaz and Chamran 2 as the sub-sub factor. Solutions for foliar application were prepared by using potassium (21%) and zinc-chelate (7.5%). Traits measured were included leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation ratio (NAR), maximal quantum yield of PSII in the dark-adapted state (Fv/Fm), effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), maximal quantum yield of PSII in the light-adapted state (Fv'/Fm'), nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and grain yield. To determine LAI, LAD, CGR, RGR, NAR, Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, Fv'/Fm' and NPQ were used from equations 1-9, respectively.
 LAI= Pla×den /10000
 LAD= 1/2 (LA2+LA1) (T2-T1) 
 CGR= [(W2 – W1)/(T2 – T1)] × (1/GA) × 100
 RGR= [(lnW2 – lnW1)/( T2 – T1)] × 100
 NAR= CGR/LAI
 Fv/Fm= (Fm – F0)/Fm
 ΦPSII= (Fm – Ft)/Fm'
 Fv'/Fm'= (Fm' –F0')/Fm'
 NPQ= (Fm – Fm')/Fm'
where, Pla is average leaf area per plant (cm2); den is real density (plant m-2); LA1 is primary leaf area (cm2); LA2 is secondary leaf area (cm2); T1 is first sampling time (day); T2 is second sampling time (day); W1 is primary dry weight (g); W2 is secondary dry weight (g); GA is ground area (m2); lnW2 – lnW1 is natural logarithm difference of dry weight; Fm is maximal fluorescence yield of the dark-adapted state; F0 is minimal fluorescence yield of the dark-adapted state; Fv is variable fluorescence (dark) (Fm-F0); Ft is fluorescence emitted by the leaves adapted to lighting; Fm' is maximal fluorescence yield of the light-adapted state; F0'is minimal fluorescence yield of the light-adapted state, and Fv' is variable fluorescence (light) (Fm'-F0'). The grain yield was determined at maturity stage and through the harvest of all spikes from the level of 1 m2 per plot and after removing 0.5 m from the beginning and end respective planting rows (rows 5 and 6).Analysis of variance was performed using general linear model (GLM) procedure of statistical analysis system (SAS version: 9.3). The means were analyzed using the least significant difference (LSD) method at P=0.05 (LSD 0.05). The results showed that late planting date due to terminal heat stress significantly decreased LAI (30.0%), LAD (48.4%), CGR (21.8%), RGR (13.7%), NAR (22.4%), Fv/Fm (3.2%), ΦPSII (4.4%), Fv'/Fm' (3.2%) and grain yield (27.0%) of two cultivars of bread wheat Pishtaz and Chamran 2, but increased significantly the NPQ (22.7%). Potassium and zinc foliar application improved significantly traits the LAI (17.5%), LAD (17.62%), CGR (33.5%), RGR (12.0%), NAR (37.6%), Fv/Fm (3.1%), ΦPSII (7.4%), Fv'/Fm' (6.6%) and grain yield (17.30%) of two cultivars of bread wheat Pishtaz and Chamran 2 under late planting date except for the NPQ. Among the interactions of nutrients foliar application and bread wheat cultivars, the response of Pishtaz and Chamran 2 cultivars were more suitable to potassium foliar application, and zinc and zinc + potassium foliar application, respectively. As well as, among wheat cultivars cultivated under the conditions of non-application of potassium and zinc (control), Chamran 2 cultivar had a comparative advantage in all measured traits under both optimum and late planting dates compared to Pishtaz cultivar. In general, it can be used from timely planting date, potassium and zinc foliar application and suitable wheat cultivar such as Chamran 2 as three management strategies to reduce the harmful effects of terminal heat stress caused by late planting date in Ramhormoz city.

Rapid emergence of traditional antibiotic-resistant pathogens is one of the most important global challenges in medical sciences. To this end, substitution of current antibiotics with strong antimicrobial peptides could be of great benefit.

In this study, the DNA sequence encoding dermaseptin B1 (DrsB1) antimicrobial peptide derived from Phyllomedusa bicolor frog species was fused to either N or C terminal end of the sequence encoding the chitin-binding domain of the Avr4 gene from Cladosporium fulvum. The recombinant expression vectors containing two separate structures were transferred to Agrobacterium rhizogenes bacterium and then used to produce Hairy Roots (HRs) in tobacco plants. Recombinant dermaseptin B1 peptides were extracted from HRs and their antimicrobial activity was evaluated against some important human pathogens.

Transgene integration and expression of recombinant DrsB1 in hairy roots were confirmed by PCR and semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis, respectively. Antimicrobial activity of the protein extracts from transgenic HRs showed that both recombinant proteins had significant inhibitory effects on the bacterial pathogens growth (P>0.01). CBD-DrsB1 recombinant protein had the highest inhibitory activity against Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus subtilis, whereas DrsB1-CBD recombinant protein showed the least antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

To the best of our knowledge, this study for the first time showed that the new recombinant peptides possess a high antibacterial activity. Acquiring resistance to antimicrobial peptides in bacteria is not readily feasible, therefore, present findings may find application as suitable alternative for current antibiotic drugs.

It is of great significance to understand the tolerance mechanisms by which plants deal with drought stress and application of these mechanisms for improvement of genotypes in response to drought stress. In order to identify and investigate the expression of genes involved in tolerance to drought stress, leaf and root EST were analyzed in Spontaneum (wild barley) and Nimruz (tolernt to drought stress) barley genotypes. The library's initial information was received from the databases and the bioinformatics services were used for the pre-processing and identify genes. In order to investigate the expression of candidate genes with Real time-PCR, a factorial experiment was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design in a pot with 3 replication. First factor included cultivars (Nimruz and Spontaneum) and second factor was irrigation (control and 50%FC). Also sampling times was considered at 3 levels of 0, 24 and 72 hours after drought stress. Two genes HvPIP1; 4 (Plasma Membrane Intrinsic Protein 1;4) and HvnsLTP(Non-specific lipid transport) were identified based on expression in stress conditions as important genes involved in response to drought stress in the barely. Based on the analysis of gene expression, it was found that Nimruz genotype as resistant cultivar had a higher expression for candidate genes. The expression of HvPIP1; 4 and HvnsLTP genes were 95.98 and 54.53fold after 72 hours, respectively. In addition, the results of this study showed that changes in HvPIP1; 4 gene expression were significantly (P <0.05) higher than the HvnsLTP in the Nimruz genotype in the compared to the spontanum genotype. So, this gene has key role in drought resistance in Barley.

To study effects of planting date, phosphate Bio-fertilizer and foliar application of Zinc and Boron on leaf area index, leaf area duration, leaf relative water content, cell membrane stability, quantum efficiency of PSII, leaf proline content and grain yield of bread wheat (Aflak cultivar), an experiment was conducted as split-plot factorial based on randomized complete blocks design with 16 treatments and 3 replications in Ramhormoz city during farming year 2015-2016. The experimental factors were included planting date (November, 21and January, 5) as the main factor, phosphate bio-fertilizer (Barvar 2) in two levels (non-used and using as seed inoculation) as the sub factor and foliar application in four levels (water as a control, Zinc, Boron and combination Zinc + Boron (each 3 lit.h-1)) as sub-sub factor. Solutions for foliar application were prepared by using Zinc- chelate (7.5%) and Boron (5%). With delay in planting due to terminal heat stress except leaf proline content all traits leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), flag leaf relative water content (FLRWC), cell membrane stability, quantum efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII) and grain yield were decreased significantly. Seed inoculation with phosphate bio-fertilizer reduced harmful effects resulting from delay in planting on above traits. In between the different levels of nutrients foliar application, the combined application of Zinc + Boron<span style="font-family:;" dir="RTL" new="" b="" roman";"="" roman";="" "times="" lotus";=""> as compared to the separate application for each of them was more effective in reducing the harmful effects resulting from delay in planting. But when the seeds were inoculated before planting with phosphate bio-fertilizer, the separate application Zinc element had more influence in improving the traits of LAI, LAD, FLRWC, cell membrane stability, ΦPSII, leaf proline content and increase yield of bread wheat in both optimum and late planting date.

To detect main and epistatic QTLs and their environmental interactions for rice important agronomic traits, 242 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) from two F6 rice populations derived from crosses between Alikazemi / IR67017-180-2-1-2 (IRA population) and Ali Kakami / Saleh (SA) cultivars were evaluated in two locations. Results of the present experiment showed that the linkage map of the two populations using 87 polymorph microsatellite markers (SSR) covered 1356.0 cM of rice genome with an average distance of 15.58 cM between two markers. A total of 20 main QTLs (M-QTLs) and 33 epistatic QTLs (E-QTLs) were identified with positive and negative effects. Five M-QTLs and five E-QTLs had a significant interaction with the environment. Eight M-QTLs and ten E-QTLs with significant effect on agronomic traits were stable and did not have any significant interaction with the environment. These QTLs include two M-QTLs and two E-QTLs for reducing plant height, three M-QTLs and three E-QTLs for decreasing heading date, an M-QTL and an E-QTL for increasing panicle length and two M-QTLs and four E-QTLs to increase grain yield. These main QTLs explained 11.12% (qHD6) and 24.5% (qGY1) phenotypic variation, respectively. Therefore, such useful QTLs can be used for gene pyramiding programs to improve rice agronomical traits. Furthermore, six linked SSR markers (RM421, RM178, RM3441, RM5101, RM7551 and RM5302) were identified with less than 5 cM distance from important QTLs, suggesting that such SSR markers can be used in marker-assisted selection to select rice lines with desirable traits in segregation generations.

Awareness of genetic diversity is a prerequisite and the first step in plant breeding. In this regard, the present study investigates the genetic diversity of 20 cultivars of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium. Ramat) using SSR molecular markers. The markers used in total were able to create 731 bands with sizes from 128 to 404 bp. The number of bands in different primers were range from 22 to 96 bands in the cultivars studied. The average number of effective alleles for 12 primers was 1.25 alleles with the highest number of effective alleles in five primers JH09, JH52, JH72, JH30 and JH47 with 2 alleles. The polymorphism of the bands in the cultivars were high (100%). The PIC in the cultivars under study were from 0.26 to 0.50, respectively, and related to the JH42 and JH31 primers. The dendrogram obtained from the cluster analysis of cultivars in a similarity coefficient of 0.61 placed the cultivars in the seven main clusters. The analysis of the main components showed that the first six components justify more than 60% of the total variation. Overall, six primers JH09, JH11, JH52, JH72, JH30 and JH47 can be introduced as useful and desirable for separation of genotypes and cultivars of Chrysanthemum.

IntroductionWheat, being a major source of human food, occupies a significant portion of cultivated area of globe mostly located in altitude from a few meters to more than 3,000 m above sea level. High temperature resulting from delay in planting date is one major environmental factor limiting growth and productivity of wheat. Plants need phosphorus in relatively large quantities, and its role cannot be played by any other elements. Phosphate bio-fertilizers bacteria such as Bacillus and Pseudomonas increased soil soluble phosphorus by secreting organic acids and phosphatase enzyme. In most of the Iranian soils pH is high and they are also calcareous. In this type of soils, solvability of micronutrients is less and it decreases absorption of micronutrients by plant, finally requirement of plants increases to this elements. This experiment was conducted to study the effects of planting date, Bio-fertilizer containing phosphate solubilizing bacteria and elements foliar application of zinc and boron on physiological and agronomic traits of bread wheat (Aflakcultivar).
Materials and MethodsTo study the effects of planting date, bio-fertilizer containing phosphate solubilizing bacteria and elements foliar application of zinc and boron on physiological and agronomic traits of bread wheat (Aflakcultivar), an experiment was conducted at split factorial design based on randomized complete blocks with 16 treatments and three replications in Ramhormoz city in farming Year 2015-16. The experimental factors were included planting date in two levels (21 November and 5 January) as the main factor and use of bio-fertilizer in two levels of seed non-inoculated and seed inoculation with phosphate solubilizing bacteriaand elements foliar application of zinc and boron in four levels by water (control), zinc (3 L ha-1), boron (3 L ha-1) and zinc (3 L ha-1) boron (3 L ha-1) to form of factorial as sub factor. Solutions for foliar application were prepared by using Zinc- chelate (7.5%) and Boron (5%). In this experiment, traits measured were involved leaf chlorophyll index (SPAD), leaf proline content, cell membrane stability index, maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), grain yield, biological yield and harvest index. To determine leaf chlorophyll index (SPAD), digital chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502) was used. To determine leaf proline content Bates et al., (1973) method was used. To determine cell membrane stability index (CMSI) Luttset al., (1996) method was used and according to equation 1. The Fv/Fm was measured with a portable Photosynthetic Efficiency Analyser PEA (Walz, Germany) and according to equation 2.
1: CMSI=(1-(EC1/ EC2))×100
2: Fv/Fm= (Fm-F0)/Fm
Where in this equation EC1 is primary electrical conductivity, EC2 is secondary electrical conductivity, Fm is the maximum fluorescence, F0 is the minimum fluorescence, and Fv is the variable fluorescence (Fm-F0). Grain yield was estimated after physiological maturity and through total spikes harvested from the level of 1 m-2 per plot and after removing 0.5 m from the beginning and end respective planting rows. To measure the biological yield at maturity, after removing 0.5 m from the beginning and end respective planting rows from the level of 1 m-2 per plot all the plants were harvested and weighted for each plot separately. Harvest index was determined by the equation grain yield/biological yield × 100. Analysis of variance was performed by using general linear model (GLM) procedure of statistical analysis system (SAS version: 9.1). Traits means were compared by LSD test at 5% probability level.
Results and DiscussionThe results showed that with delay in planting due to terminal heat stress all traits such as leaf chlorophyll index (SPAD), cell membrane stability index, Fv/Fm, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index except leaf proline content decreased significantly. Seed inoculation with bio-fertilizer containing phosphate solubilizing bacteria improved significantly all physiological and agronimic traits of bread wheat (Aflakcultivar) except harvest index in both the optimum planting dates and delayed. Between the different levels elements foliar application of zinc and boron, combined application of zinc溊 was more effective on physiological and agronomic traits of bread wheat (Aflakcultivar), and could reduce the harmful effects caused by the delay in planting. The interaction of seed inoculation with bio-fertilizer containing phosphate solubilizing bacteria and elements foliar application of zinc and boron except harvest index improved significantly harmful effects caused by the delay in planting on traits leaf chlorophyll index (SPAD), leaf proline content, cell membrane stability index, Fv/Fm, grain yield and biological yield to values 3.37%, 12.29%, 6.48%, 3.02%, 17.25% and 24.04%, respectively. Between interaction of bio-fertilizer containing phosphate solubilizing bacteria and elements foliar application of zinc and boron, the use of zinc nutrient than application of combining it with boron was more effective in reducing the harmful effects resulting from delay in planting.
ConclusionsIn general it can be concluded that the optimum planting date (21 November), seed inoculation with bio-fertilizer containing phosphate solubilizing bacteria and elements foliar application of zinc and boron especially zinc, is three strategies appropriate management to improve physiological and agronomic traits of bread wheat (Aflakcultivar)in the Ramhormoz city.

To evaluate the effect of iron foliar feeding of micronutrient on yield and yield components of chickpea, a factorial experiment with two factors in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted (crop season, 2012-2013). Factors were Azad, Hashem, ILC482 line as cultivar and iron chelated fertilizer foliar application(one, two and three part per thousand). The results of the study showed that the effect of iron fertilizer × cultivar on Plant height, pod length, number of secondary branches, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and seed yield was significantly(p≤.05) and the characteristics of unfilled pods, seed weight and biological yield of peas had no significantly(p≤.05). The highest number of secondary branches, number of pods per plant and biological yield was obtained from combination ILC482 line in three per thousands foliar fertilizer iron nano chelate. ILC482 line Produced The highest grain yield (1296 and 1238 kg/ he-1) was obtained when both 2 and 3 part per thousand iron micronutrient was used, the interaction of. Due to lower production costs and environmental considerations, it is recomneded to apply two part per thousands of iron nano chelated foliar fertilizer (manufactured by issuing Ahrar East) ILC482 line to achieve reasonable yield for rainfed conditions in the region and other region with similar climates.

A field experiment was conducted at the research field of the University of Lorestan in 2011 as a randomized complete block design with three replications to estimate genetic coefficients of some maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars. Treatments include six maize cultivars (T.V.C.767 and S.C.704 from late maturing group, T N.S640 and Maxima from mid-maturing group, and Koppany and D.C.370 from early maturing group). Results showed that there were significant differences among cultivars in terms of stem dry weight, maximum number of kernel per ear, thermal time from the flag leaf appearance to flowering, thermal time from flowering to maturity, phyllochron interval, grain weight, maximum plant height and minimum growth degree days during vegetative period. The highest (649.2) and lowest (350.6) maximum number of kernel per ear belonged to cultivars S.C.704 and D.C.370, respectively. Also, the highest and lowest stem dry weight, phyllochron interval and maximum plant height belonged to cultivars S.C.704 and D.C.370, respectively. Among genetic coefficients, the minimum growth degree days required for vegetative growth and the maximum number of kernel per ear had the greatest correlation with grain yield (r=0.72 and r=0.84, respectively). Overall, the results portrayed that the estimated genetic coefficients of the cultivars are not identical in different models and varied in a defined range.

To study genetic of some characters in bread wheat lines under dryland conditions, a diallel crossing design was conducted. Six lines were crossed unilaterally in spring of 2001. In the following year, parents and F1s were evaluated in RCB design with three replications in the Agricultural Research Field of Lorestan University. Plant height, heading date, leaf angle, leaf rolling, chlorophyll fluorescence, flag leaf length, awn length, plant biomass weight, number of seed per spike and spike harvest index were measured. Analysis of variance showed significant differences for all characters except for number of seed per spike and spike harvest index. Data were analyzed by Griffing (method II and model II) and Hayman's methods (Morley and lones method). General combining ability (GCA) was significant for all characters except for chlorophyll fluorescence. Specific combining ability (SCA) was also significant for all characters except for plant height, awn length and plant biomass weight. In general, genes additive effects revealed the effectiveness of selection for plant height. Additive and non additive effects together were effective for selection in segregating population for heading date, leaf rolling, flag leaf length and awn length. Finally non-additive effects were effective for chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf angle