فریبا اکبری

To evaluate some fruit characteristics and yield of seven promising olive genotypes a field experiment was carried out- using randomized complete block design with three replications in 2016 in Dallaho research station, Sarepol Zahab, Iran. Fruit yield and some fruit characteristics including; fruit weight, stone weight, drymatter (%), oil content were measured. Results showed that genotypes were significantly different for fruit yield and fruit characteristics. Genotype × year interaction effect was significant on fruit weight, fruit flesh weight, stone weight, flesh percentage, fruit yield and oil yield. Dd1 genotype with mean of 7.87 g had the heighest and Ps1 genotype with 3.31 g had the least fruit weight. Genotype, year and genotype × year interaction effects were significant on fruit yield and oil yield. The highest fruit and oil yield belonged to Bn6 with 17653 kgha-1 and 2362.1, respectively. Cultivar Sevillano had the lowest fruit yield (3000 kgha-1) and oil yield (218.9 kgha-1). Considering fruit and oil yield, Bn6 and Dd1 were identified as superior genotypes.

Marriage contract is considered as one of the contract which include lots of legal issues. The terms of a marriage contract, which is much more important than the marriage conditions, have caused the contract to be the subject of discution between lawyers all the time. One of these conditions is the Prohibition of Childbirth which is also mentioned in fiqh as the condition for the Dismissal or Non-Claim of Offspring. Based on the fact that Childbirth and in general, Sexual Intercourse is considered as an integral part of the marriage contract or not, different opinions about the accuracy or inaccuracy of this condition have been stated. The Prohibition of Childbirth is usually a condition of non-performance, that its legal sanctions, as the similar conditions, maight be enforcing to perform the commitment, pay damages, establishing the right of rescindment or divorce or any other legal sanctions which are agreed upon. On the other hand, if the condition is breached, there will be some changes in couple's rights and obligations; for example: if the man is the person in whose favor a condition is made, the issue will affect on paying the quit-rent and other material rights of the wife and in the terms of restitution might be effective; or even in the subject of custody, which may affect on the rights and duties of each of the couples according to the law. The current research tries to study these two issues: the legal validity and effects of the Prohibition of Childbirth condition in marriage.

Milk and dairy products especially in the raw milk are major sources of humaninfection. However their contamination to objects such as Yersinia enterocolitica canaffect human being harmfully. This study aimed at identification of Yersiniaenterocolitica in pasteurized and raw dairy products and serotype O:3 identification viathe culture and PCR methods. The period of Jun 2010 to Jun 2011, 400 samples of dairyproducts were randomly collected from dairy supply market in three provinces ofChaharmahal va Bakhtiari, Khozestan and Fars. For Yersinia enterocoliticaidentification were tested by bacteriology method. Bacterial isolated for identificationserotype O:3 of Yersinia enterocolitica were tested by PCR method. Of 400 sampleswere studied, six samples (1.5%) were recognized infectious by Yersinia enterocoliticain culture method which three isolates (5%) from raw cow milk, two isolates (10%)from traditional ice-cream, and one bacteria (3.3%) from traditional Cheese wereisolated. From these six isolated, 4 samples (66.6%) were belong to serotype O:3 that inthis regard, two to serotype O:3 from traditional ice-cream and two serotype from cowmilk were isolated by PCR test. The importance of dairy products in transition ofYersinia enterocolitica to humans, accurate observance basis pasteurization and don’tused raw dairy products and used PCR method for identification direct infection in foodis recommendation.

Karyologic studies were carried out on suitable metaphase cells of ten cultivars of Rapeseed (Brassica napus)، using squash technique، 0. 002 M 8-hydroxichinoline and 2% (w/v) aceto-carmin staining method. The chromosomal parameters measured were، short arm، long arm، chromosome volume، arm ratio، r-value، relative length and chromosome form percentage. Karyotype analysis showed that all cultivars were tetraploid (2n = 4x = 38). The resultant data were analyzed based on completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 replicates of cells. ANOVA indicated marked between-cultivars differences for most traits evaluated. On the basis of karyotypic formula، the cultivars had 4 types of chromosomes (M، m، sm، st)، categorizing in 8 different classes. Assessment of karyotype symmetry was carried out، using various parameters e. g. DRL، DI، TF%، S%، CV%، Stebbins and Romero-Zarco categories. The result of correlation coefficient showed that the short arm had the most correlation with form percentage، and chromosome volume had the least correlation with arm ratio. In cluster analysis based on UPGMA method، the distance was determined by eucldean distance dendrogram demonstrated 6 groups. The result of the principal components analysis showed that the first three components coverd 96. 1% of the data variation. According to the first two PCs، the cultivars were categorized into 6 groups.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a previously conducted needs assessment on West Abouzar neighborhood changes after three years.

This was a cross sectional study in two qualitative and quantitative parts. In the qualitative phase, we conducted semi-structured interviews to determine the types of interventions and selection criteria, and their effects on the approaches of the local headquarters. Based on the qualitative results, a questionnaire was designed in order to use in the quantitative part of the study. A total of 352 individuals selected through random cluster sampling were recruited to the study. Data were gathered by local trained individuals and were analyzed using appropriate methods.

The results revealed that for all identified problems, except for drug abuse and unemployment, at least one intervention was performed. Majority of interventions were constructive, while in social issues limited interventions were conducted. It was shown that 29.5% of the interventions were good in quality, 47% were moderate and 23.5% were weak. More than half of the participants (51%) stated that interventions were effective regarding their quality of life; however, they expected more influential interventions. A total of 21.1% of respondents believed that the interventions were relatively effective; 11.1% reported that the interventions were very effective; and 17% stated that the interventions had no effect on their lives.

Participatory needs assessment and conducting interventions based on the local needs are effective approaches to resolve health-related problems.