فریده دوکانه ای فرد

 The aim of this research was to present a model for predicting self-efficacy based on early maladaptive schemas, coping strategies, and differentiation with the mediation of meaning in life in remarried couples.

Methods and Materials: 

This study is fundamental-applied in terms of its goal, and the present research is descriptive, correlational, congruent, and predictive in nature. The statistical population of this research consisted of all remarried couples who visited counseling centers in District 3 of Tehran. The sampling method in this study was voluntary and accessible. The sample size was determined to be at least 400 individuals, based on the Cochran formula, the type of research, the logic of regression analysis, and considering the phenomenon of attrition. The sampling was done using a voluntary and accessible method. To analyze the obtained data, multipurpose regression tests and path analysis were performed using SPSS software version 24.

 The results showed that emotion-focused coping strategies indirectly influence self-efficacy with the mediation of meaning in life in remarried couples. Likewise, problem-focused coping strategies indirectly influence self-efficacy with the mediation of meaning in life in remarried couples. Additionally, the results indicated that differentiation indirectly influences self-efficacy with the mediation of meaning in life in remarried couples.

 Therefore, it can be concluded that self-efficacy can be predicted by early maladaptive schemas, coping strategies, and differentiation with the mediating role of meaning in life in remarried couples.

This research aims to design an appropriate structural model to predict the couple's marital satisfaction based on the level of differentiation with the mediation of family functioning.

This was applied research of quantitative approach and correlation method was used. The statistical population includes all couples referring to 23 counseling centers and guidance associations of parents and teachers in Tehran city in 2015-2016, which were 200 men and 200 women. The cluster sampling method was used in this research. The data collection tools were the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD), Enrich (Evaluation & Nurturing Relationship Issues Communication and Happiness), Marital Satisfaction Scale, and Differentiation of Self Inventory (DSI).

The research results showed that family functioning plays a mediating role in the relationship between marital satisfaction and differentiation level. Family functioning could mediate the relationship between marital satisfaction and the two components of emotional fusion and emotional fault. However, family functioning could not mediate the components of "I-position" and emotional reactivity.

The results of this study led to the development of an appropriate structural model to explain the relationship between levels of differentiation and marital satisfaction with the mediation role of family functioning.

The purpose of the present study was to predict the quality of marital relationships and marital adjustment based on early maladaptive schemas and resilience in married women. The research method was a descriptive correlation. The statistical population included all married women who were referred to counseling centers in Tehran in 2022. The Non-random and targeted sampling method and statistical sample size based on sample power software and according to the possibility of dropout of subjects were considered 375 people. Collecting information using Spanier's Marital Adjustment Scale (DAS, 1976), Busby et al.'s  Revision of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS, 1995), Young's Early Maladaptive Schemas (YSQ-SF, 1998) and Connor and Davidson's Resilience Scale (CD-RISC, 2003) was implemented. Data analysis was done using SPSS-26 software and by simultaneous regression analysis test. The findings showed that the field of cut and rejection, impaired self-management and performance, other-orientedness, excessive listening and inhibition, and impaired limitations have a negative and significant relationship with marital adjustment and the quality of marital relationships (P<0.01). Also, the relationship between resilience and marital adjustment and the quality of marital relationships is positive and significant (P<0.01). Also, a total of 36.7% of the variance of the variable of marital adjustment and 31.4% of the variable of the quality of marital relations are explained by the predictor variables (P<0.05). It is concluded that the early maladaptive schema and resilience play an essential role in predicting the quality of marital relationships and marital adjustment.

This study aimed to develop a model for predicting attitudes toward the opposite sex based on attachment styles and value systems with the mediation of attitudes toward love in boys and girls referring to counseling centers and guidance offices of the Parents and Teachers Association of Tehran's education system.  According to the indicators and objectives of the research, this study was descriptive of a correlational type. The statistical population included all boys and girls referring to counseling centers and guidance offices of the Parents and Teachers Association of Tehran's education system in the years 2021-2022. The sampling method was multi-stage random, and the sample size was determined to be 350 based on the Sample Power software. Data collection was carried out using the Attitudes Toward the Opposite Sex Scale by Glick and Fiske (1996), the Attachment Styles Questionnaire by Collins and Read (1996), the Value Systems Scale by Schwartz (2006), and the Love Attitudes Scale by Hendrick and Hendrick (1986) on the selected sample. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software and SmartPLS structural equations.  The findings of this study showed that developing a model for predicting attitudes toward the opposite sex based on attachment styles and value systems with the mediation of attitudes towards love in boys and girls referring to counseling centers and guidance offices of the Parents and Teachers Association of Tehran's education system had a good fit. The results of the direct path analysis showed that there was a significant positive relationship between the components of attachment styles, value systems, and attitudes towards love with attitudes towards the opposite sex. Also, the results of the indirect path analysis indicated a significant positive relationship between the components of attachment styles and value systems with the partial mediation role of attitudes towards love with attitudes towards the opposite sex.  The findings indicate that many adolescents, due to their inclination towards relationships with the opposite sex, enter unhealthy relationships. However, due to strong attachment, they overlook problems and do not accept that these relationships are detrimental to them. The family plays a key role in many aspects of life, especially in how adolescents interact with the opposite sex. Understanding the types of attachment styles, value systems, and attitudes towards love in adolescents based on mutual understanding of their needs can predict attitudes towards the opposite sex within the context of family relationships and interpersonal interactions.

The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy and metacognitive therapy on the emotional expression of conflicted women. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a three-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the present study included all conflicted women who were referred to counseling clinics and psychological services in the 1st district of Tehran in 2023, from which 45 women were selected using the available sampling method and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The measurement tools included the Sanai Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ, 2000) and King and Emmons's Emotional Expression Questionnaire (EEQ, 1990). The intervention based on schema therapy and metacognitive therapy was implemented in 8 two-hour sessions, twice a week, as a group for the first and second experimental groups. Analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used for data analysis. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test averages of the three groups in emotional expression (positive emotion expression, negative emotion expression, and intimacy expression) at a significance level of P<0.05, and in addition, there was a significant difference between the post-test and follow-up at the P<0.05 level was not observed. Also, there was a significant difference between the post-test and follow-up averages in the two test groups at the P<0.05 level. From the above findings, it can be concluded that schema therapy is more effective than metacognitive therapy.

Most spouses in marital life use different communication patterns in interactions with family members, depending on their personality structure. The presence of dysfunctional communication patterns and underdeveloped personalities can cause destructive effects in relationships and lead to a lack of differentiation in children. This study aims to provide a model for predicting children's differentiation based on communication patterns and personality structure with the mediation of dysfunctional attitudes in parents attending counseling centers in Tehran.

Methods and Materials: 

Considering the indices and objectives of the research, the study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research included all parents attending counseling centers in Tehran during 2021-2022. In this research, the sampling method was multi-stage random sampling, and the sample size was determined to be 350 people based on the Sample Power software. Data collection was carried out using the Differentiation Inventory by Skowron and Friedlander (1998), the Couples' Communication Patterns Questionnaire by Christensen and Sullaway (1991), the NEO Personality Inventory by McCrae and Costa (1985), and the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale by Weissman and Beck (1978) on the selected sample. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and SmartPLS structural equation modeling.

The findings of this study indicated that the proposed model for predicting children's differentiation based on communication patterns and personality structure with the mediation of dysfunctional attitudes in parents attending counseling centers in Tehran had a good fit. Examination of the results based on the direct path showed a significant relationship between the components of communication patterns, personality structure, and dysfunctional attitudes with children's differentiation. The results of the indirect path also showed a significant relationship between the components of communication patterns, personality structure, with the partial mediation role of dysfunctional attitudes and children's differentiation.

The findings suggest that understanding the communication patterns and personality structure of each parent based on the mutual understanding of children's needs can predict the level of children's differentiation based on dysfunctional attitudes within the context of family relationships and interpersonal interactions.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy on the personality traits of mothers having children with autism spectrum disorder. This study was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. 45 mothers having children with autism spectrum disorder were selected by available sampling method and were equally and randomly placed in two experimental groups and one control group (15 people in each group). The experimental groups received separate training in acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy, while the members of the control group did not participate in these programs. Subjects were evaluated using the five major personality factors questionnaire (1987). The data was analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance. The research findings indicated that acceptance and commitment therapy was effective on extroversion and cognitive-behavioral therapy was effective on the responsibility of this group of people (P<0.01). Also, examining the difference between the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy showed that there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of these two treatment methods on extroversion and responsibility (P<0.05). From this research, it can be concluded that acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy can play an important role in modulating the personality traits of mothers having children with autism spectrum disorder.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a chronic mental disorder that requires different treatments due to its complex nature. Schema therapy (ST) and exposure and response prevention (ERP) are two treatments that have been studied in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and previous studies have shown them to be effective. However, few studies have investigated the effectiveness of integrating these two methods in comparison with other methods.

The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the ST and the integration of schema therapy with the exposure and response prevention technique (STERP) in treating distress tolerance in women with washing compulsions.

The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a 2-month follow-up. The statistical population included all women with obsessive-compulsive disorder referred to counseling centers in the north and center of Tehran from the beginning of November to the end of February 2020. Forty-five people were selected by a convenience method based on inclusion criteria. The first intervention group (ST) received 12 sessions, and the second intervention group (STERP) received 14 sessions. The research instrument included the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) (Simmons & Gaher, 2005). Data were analyzed by mixed-design analysis of variance and Bonferroni test in SPSS-23 software.

The results showed that ST and STERP interventions increased distress tolerance in women with washing compulsions at the end of interventions and follow-up period (P<0.0001), but STERP was more effective in treating distress tolerance compared to the ST.

The results showed that using exposure and response prevention methods integrated with schema therapy for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder allows the them to analyze different dimensions of anxiety-inducing stimuli and provides a more appropriate answer to it.

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Positive Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and their combination with mystical teachings of Rumi on the psychological capital of female high school teachers in Tehran's public schools. This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and control group design. Sixty female teachers were randomly assigned to four groups: Positive Therapy, ACT, a combined therapy group, and a control group. The experimental groups participated in eight weekly sessions of therapy. Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) by Luthans was used as the measurement tool. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests. The results showed that all three experimental groups significantly improved in psychological capital. Specifically, the combined therapy was more effective than Positive Therapy and ACT in improving hope (P = 0.001), resilience (P = 0.001), and overall psychological capital (P = 0.001). Additionally, ACT was more effective than Positive Therapy in increasing hope (P = 0.018) and overall psychological capital (P = 0.029). The findings suggest that combining Positive Therapy and ACT with mystical teachings can be an effective and comprehensive approach to enhancing teachers' psychological capital. These results underscore the importance of integrated approaches in promoting mental health and psychological capital in educational settings.

Infertility is a major problem among many families, especially in Iranian families. The phenomenon of infertility, having the conditions of a critical event, ie duration, complex conditions, unpredictability, and uncontrollable conditions, creates a comprehensive crisis in the life of infertile couples and causes various injuries. Therefore, infertile women can be expected to suffer from various psychological and social problems. The psychological impact of infertility on the marital life of infertile women is often associated with family conflicts. Infertile women often consider infertility as the most stressful event of their lives and describe repeated and successive periods of treatment as periods of crisis and negative psychological responses such as anxiety, depression, lack of control, guilt, sexual problems, and lack of self-confidence. Shows that these negative emotions and stress caused by infertility can even lead to treatment discontinuation or affect treatment outcomes. According to this, the present study was conducted to offer a model of predicting psychological distress according to emotional regulation with the mediation role of adaptation to infertility in infertile women.

The research method was descriptive-correlational and pathway analysis.The statistical population of the present study included infertile women who were referred to the Royan Infertility Center in the city of Tehran in the summer of 2020. The statistical samples included 350 infertile women who were selected through a convenient sampling method. The applied questionnaires included the Psychological-Social Adaptation to Disease Scale (PSADS) (Drogits, 1986), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) (Garnefski, et.al, 2001), and Psychological Distress Questionnaire (Kessler, et.al, 2002). The data analysis was conducted via pathway analysis and Bootstrap test. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS and Amos 23 software.

The results showed that positive and negative emotional regulation and adaptation to infertility have a significant relationship with the psychological distress of infertile women (p<0.01). Moreover, positive and negative emotional regulation and adaptation to infertility have a direct significant effect on the psychological distress of infertile women (p<0.01). Moreover, the results of Bootstrap showed that the adaptation to infertility has a significant mediation role in the relationship of positive and negative emotional regulation with the psychological distress of infertile women (p<0.01). Finally, the model enjoyed an appropriate goodness of fit.

Considering the significant mediation role of adaptation to infertility clinical therapists must improve the infertile women’s psychological-social adaptation through applying efficient psychological therapy methods. Because adapting to infertility can bring psychological and emotional relief to infertile women. This process also allows infertile women to follow their treatment process without stress and anxiety.

Due to the lack of experience and resilience in marital conflicts, young couples are more exposed to marital heartbreak and as a result tend to divorce. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of emotion-focused couple therapy on marital burnout and resilience of young couples.

A quasi-experimental research method was used with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. 30 couples (30 men and 30 women) were selected from the statistical population of young couples who referred to family counseling centers in the 1st district of Tehran using the available sampling method and were replaced in two experimental and control groups using a random method. The research tools were marital burnout (Pines, 1996), resilience (Connor & Davidson, 2003). The research findings were analyzed using SPSS version 23 software and analysis of variance with repeated measurements.

The results showed that emotional couple therapy has a significant and stable effect on reducing marital boredom and increasing resilience of young couples (p<0.001).

Therefore, in order to improve marital burnout and resilience of young couples, it is suggested to use the emotion-oriented couple therapy approach

The research indicates that dysfunctional attitudes and psychological distress are among the most important structures that can cause problems to people's health. In addition, the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy on these structures in women has conflicting results, requiring more research in this field.

This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy on women's psychological distress and dysfunctional attitudes.

The current study was practical and semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The research's statistical population included all women referred to Khavaran Cultural Center in 2020. The research sample consisted of 30 women selected by the available sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. They completed the Beck et al. dysfunctional attitudes questionnaire (1991) and Kessler et al. psychological distress questionnaire (2002) in two phases, pre-test and post-test, and received an acceptance and commitment-based therapy trial group (Wells and Sorrell, 2007). After collecting the data, the data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis using SPSSV19 software.

The results showed a significant difference between the two experimental and control groups in the post-test stage (p<0.01), which indicates the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy in the variables of ineffective attitudes and psychological distress.

The women who participated in acceptance and commitment-based training obtained lower scores in ineffective attitudes and psychological distress in the post-test than before participating in the said program compared to the group that did not participate. This issue indicated the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based education in research variables.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching emotion management strategies based on Emotional Focus Therapy approach on improving marital satisfaction.

The present study is a quasi-experimental study. The statistical population of this study consisted of all couples who referred to counseling centers in Saadatabad region in Tehran during the year 2021. For sampling, all couples interviewed were selected through convenient sampling and had referred to Amin Pajooh and Binesh Counseling Centers.  After conducting an interview based on marital self-disclosure, 47 couples were identified as conflicted, all of whom volunteered to attend treatment sessions. Among them, 32 couples were randomly assigned to the experimental group (16 couples) and the control group (16 couples). To test the hypothesis, analysis of covariance was done using SPSS-22 software.

According to table 4-11, the proportion of F covariance analysis for family functioning (P=0/001 and F=26/2) and for marital satisfaction (P=0/001 and F=37/3) were obtained. The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference in marital satisfaction during pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Eta squared size shows that 31% of intra-group changes can be explained by receiving training in emotion management strategies on marital satisfaction.  

According to the findings, it can be said that emotion management strategies have an effect on marital satisfaction. As a result, this training can be used in couple therapy interventions.

Systematic review of research shows that infidelity and marital infidelity cause the most damage to the relationship between spouses and can even destroy the relationship.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of reality therapy and logo therapy on forgiveness and marital trust of women affected by marital infidelity seeking divorce.

The present research was a quasi-experimental method of pre-test and post-test with a control group. From the community of women affected by marital infidelity, divorce applicants referring to family counseling centers in Babol city using available sampling of 48 women (16 women in the reality therapy group, 16women in the logotherapy group and 16 women in the control group) were selected and were assigned randomly. All three groups completed the Pollard et al. (1998) Marital Forgiveness Questionnaire and the Rampel & Holmes (1986) Marital Trust Questionnaire in three stages: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. After collecting data, the data were analyzed using repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance using SPSSV22 software.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the groups in both variables of marital forgiveness and marital trust (F = 3.955 and P = 0.001). In other words, the results showed that both reality therapy and logotherapy interventions were effective in the research variables, but there was no significant difference between the two interventions of reality therapy and logotherapy in any of the variables (P <0.05).

Finally, the results of this study showed that both reality therapy and logotherapy interventions are effective in promoting marital forgiveness and marital trust. Therefore, the awareness of couple therapists, counselors, psychologists and other specialists can help reduce marital infidelity and divorce.

Research evidence suggests that marital infidelity can have irreparable consequences for couples, however, the role of forgiveness as a key variable can neutralize this to some extent. Therefore, dealing with effective treatments for women's forgiveness after their husband's betrayal has been neglected.

The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based treatment and treatment schemas on forgiveness in women affected by infidelity.

The present study was applied and quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and two-month follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of the study included all women affected by infidelity who lived in Tehran in 1401-1400 and referred to counseling centers. The sample consisted of 60 betrayed women who were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. They all completed the Heartland Forgiveness Questionnaire in three stages: pretest, posttest, and two-month follow-up, and the experimental groups received schema therapy interventions and acceptance and commitment-based therapy. After data collection, the data were analyzed using mixed variance analysis by SPSSV19 software.

The results showed that there was a significant difference in the variable of forgiveness and all its components between the groups of schema therapy and treatment based on acceptance and commitment with the control group (P<0.05) and therapeutic interventions promoted forgiveness. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups of schema therapy and acceptance and commitment based therapy (P>0.05).

Therefore, it can be said that schema therapy and treatment methods based on acceptance and commitment to forgiveness were effective in women after infidelity, and therefore the knowledge of psychologists, counseling and health experts about these treatments is helpful to promote forgiveness of betrayed women.

The present study investigated the effectiveness of schema therapy combined with exposure and response prevention methods on the distress tolerance and Severity of Obsessive Symptoms of women with washing obsession. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a 2-month follow-up. Its statistical population included all the women referred to counseling clinics under the supervision of the Psychological System Organization in the north and center of Tehran between November 2020 and February 2021 and received a definite diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder by a psychiatrist. In this regard, 30 people were included using a purposeful sampling method and assigned to two experimental and control groups of 15 people. Then, the experimental group received individual intervention for 14 sessions. The research tools included the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS, Simmons & Gaher,2005) and the Yale-Brown Obsession-Obsession Scale (1989, YBOCS). Data analysis using repeated measurement tests and Bonferroni's post hoc test revealed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups regarding distress tolerance and obsessive-compulsive disorder in the post-test and follow-up stages (P<0.01). It means that the integration of schema therapy with the exposure and response prevention technique increased distress tolerance and reduced the symptoms of obsession. This effectiveness remained significant until the two-month follow-up stage. According to the results, it can be stated that integrating schema therapy with exposure and response prevention technique is effective in increasing distress tolerance and reducing obsessive symptoms in women with washing obsessive disorder.

This study investigated the efficacy of a resilience-based curriculum on the impulsivity and psychological flexibility of adolescents with an addiction propensity. This study was quasi-experimental, with pre- and post-testing, a control group, and a two-month follow-up. In the 2019-2020 academic year, the statistical population included secondary high school pupils with a tendency toward addiction. Using a systematic sampling technique, 25 adolescents were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Over the course of two and a half months, the experimental group received ten seventy-five minute sessions of a teaching program on resilience. Three students in the experimental group and two students in the control group dropped out of the study after its initiation. This study utilized the addiction tendency questionnaire (ATQ), the impulsivity questionnaire (IQ), and the psychological flexibility questionnaire (PFQ). The data were analyzed using statistical software version 23 and repeated-measurement ANOVA and Bonferroni follow-up tests. The results indicated that the resilience curriculum had a significant impact on the impulsivity and psychological flexibility of adolescents with a tendency toward addiction (p<0.001). According to the findings of the present study, the teaching package of resilience can be used as an effective method to decrease and improve psychological flexibility in adolescents with an addiction propensity by employing techniques such as learning speech skills, teaching self-awareness, anger management, stress management, problem solving, and normal decision-making.

Education is considered as the pillar of development and progress of any country and the teacher has a fundamental role in this structure, and that is why improving the performance of teachers is an important issue. The current research was carried out with the aim of providing a model to improve the level of teachers' professional performance based on educational justice. This research was carried out using a mixed quantitative and qualitative method; In the qualitative part, using the foundational data theory method and using the opinions of 14 scientific and executive experts in the field of educational management and primary education experts, the components and indicators of the identification model and the hypothetical research model have been drawn. Quantitative part was carried out in a descriptive way and in the form of a survey and using a researcher questionnaire, the required data was collected from among 200 elementary school teachers in Bojnord city as a statistical population and using the method of structural equations using software. Amos software has been analyzed. The findings of the research show that educational justice has a positive and significant effect on teachers' job performance, and the prepared model is an acceptable model.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of McMaster model on anxiety and self-control of women on the verge of divorce. The present study was a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with a two-month control and follow-up group; The statistical population of the present study was women referring to counseling centers in District 6 of Tehran in 1399. After screening with the Zank Anxiety Questionnaire (1971), 30 women were selected by convenience sampling method in the experimental group of Maxmaster model (15 women) and control group (15). N) were randomly replaced. The experimental group underwent the intervention of McMaster model (2007) for eight sessions of 90 minutes and the control group did not receive any intervention. The research instruments were Zanck Anxiety Inventory (1971) and Tanji, Bamster and Boone (2004) Self-Control Questionnaire and the data were analyzed using repeated measures mixed variance analysis. The results showed the effect of Maxmaster model intervention on anxiety score (F = 5.25, P = 0.030) and self-control (F = 8.56, P = 0.007) and the stability of this effect in the follow-up stage. The results of the study suggest evidence that the Maxmaster model is an appropriate method to increase self-control and also reduce anxiety in women on the verge of divorce.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and schema therapy on mental health in women affected by betrayal. The current study was practical and semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population included all women affected by the betrayal of their husbands in Tehran in 2022-2023 who were referred to counseling centers. 60 people were selected by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. All of them completed the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) of Goldberg and Hiller (1979) in three phases: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up, and the experimental groups received schema therapy interventions and acceptance and commitment-based therapy. After collecting the data, the data was analyzed using the variance analysis method of repeated measurements. The results showed that in the post-test and follow-up phase, there is a significant difference between the schema therapy and acceptance and commitment-based therapy groups with the control group in the mental health variable (P<0.05) and the therapeutic interventions improved the mental health of betrayed women. This was despite the fact that there was no significant difference between the two groups of schema therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment in any of the post-test and follow-up stages (P<0.05). Therefore, it can be said that the methods of schema therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment were effective on mental health in women after betrayal.

The present study was conducted to codify parents’ psychological empowerment package and evaluate its effectiveness on the positive and negative emotions of adolescents with inefficient parent-child interaction. The research method of the present study was thematic analysis through a comparative method in the qualitative part and quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, control group design, and two-month follow-up period in the quantitative part. The statistical population included adolescents with inefficient parent-child interaction in the city of Tehran who were selected through the purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 20 people). The adolescents' parents in the experimental group received ten sessions of psychological empowerment package during two-and-a-half months. 4 people in the experimental group and 3 in the control group quit participating in the study. The applied questionnaires in this study included the parent-child relationship questionnaire (Fine, Moreland, Schwebel, 1983) and the positive and negative emotions questionnaire (Watson, Clark, Tellegen, 1988). The data from the study were analyzed through the mixed ANOVA method via SPSS23 statistical software. The results showed that the psychological empowerment package enjoys suitable content validity from the experts’ viewpoint. Moreover, this package has had an effect on the positive (F=67.56; Eta=0.64; P<0001) and negative emotions (F=51.37; Eta=0.61; P<0001) of adolescents with inefficient parent-child interaction. According to the findings of the present study, the psychological empowerment package can be used as an efficient method to increase positive emotions and decrease negative emotions in adolescents with inefficient parent-child interaction through employing mental flexibility, training normal parenting style, and emotional participation with the child.

The present study aimed to evaluate the fit of the prediction model of marital burnout based on differentiation, emotional intelligence and mental health mediated by resilience in couples. The research method was correlational, structural equation modeling type. The statistical population included all couples referring to family counseling centers in District 1 of Tehran in the second half of July to the end of September 2021, in which 248 couples (124 males and 124 females) were selected by non-random sampling method. They were evaluated using the Marital Burnout Scale (Pines, 1996), Emotional Intelligence (Shut et al., 1998), Resilience (Connor & Davidson, 2003), and Differentiation of Self Questionnaire (Skowron and Dandy, 2003) and General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg & Hiller, 1972) were evaluated. Findings obtained from the evaluation of the proposed model by structural equation using SPSS23 and Smart PLS3 software showed that the model fit indices have a desirable level. There is a significant relationship between differentiation (P< 0.05) and mental health (P<0.01) and marital burnout, but there is no significant relationship between emotional intelligence and marital burnout. Resilience also does not mediate the relationship between differentiation, emotional intelligence and mental health and marital burnout. Based on the findings of the present study, it can be said that differentiation and mental health play an important role in marital burnout of couples, so paying attention to these variables will help researchers and therapists in the field of couple and family in prevention and designing appropriate therapies.

The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between time perspective and happiness with the mediating role of lifestyle in female adolescents. The present study was a cross-sectional analytical study. The present study was a cross-sectional study. The statistical population in this study included all female high school students in Tehran in the academic year 2019-2020. 352 students were chosen in convenience sampling and were assigned to the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) (Hills and Argyle, 2002), the second version of the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP-II) (Walker et al., 1987), and Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) (Zimbardo and Boyd, 1999) responded. Data analysis was performed by the structural equation modeling (SEM) method. The results showed that the proposed research model had a good fit. Also, the results showed that the past-negative perspective, present-hedonistic perspective, and present-fatalistic perspective have a negative direct effect on lifestyle and happiness (P<0.01), but the two sub-components future perspective and past-positive perspective have a direct effect on lifestyle and happiness (P<0.01). The direct lifestyle path on happiness was significant (P<0.05). Other results showed that the indirect coefficient of time perspective components on happiness through the mediating variable of lifestyle was significant (P<0.05). Consistent time perspectives directly and through a health-oriented lifestyle can lead to happiness in female adolescents.

The current research investigates online logotherapy's effectiveness in the self-concept and psychological distress of women referring to the Khavaran Cultural Center. The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The study's statistical population included all women referred to Khavaran Cultural Center in 2013. The research sample consisted of 30 women selected by the available sampling method and randomly allocated to experimental and control groups. A self-concept checklist (BSCI) by beck et al. (1990) and psychological distress scale (KPDS) by Kessler et al. (2002) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using a multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed a significant difference (P<0.05) between the experimental and control groups' post-test in self-concept and psychological distress by controlling the effect of the pre-test. Therefore, it is concluded that the logotherapy method is one of the effective methods in improving self-concept and reducing women's psychological distress, referring to the Khavaran Cultural Center.