فهرست مطالب فریده یغمایی

The ever-increasing speed of changes in today's world has led to the emergence of an era called uncertainty, and an environment full of opportunities and threats has made the current complex systems a precursor. One of the challenges of accurate and big planning for the future is the uncertainty inherent in the future and rapid changes in various fields in health. A powerful tool that predicts future competitive environments and develops long-term strategy even in environments with the greatest uncertainty is the scenario planning tool. Scenarios are descriptions of future situations and possible events in those situations so that a person can move from their current situation to a planned future. Scenario writing is not only a planning tool, but also an effective learning tool. Thinking about scenarios helps us to understand the logic of development, to recognize driving forces, trends and challenges. Drivers are a set of future-shaping forces that affect different futures globally or locally. Proponents perform the task of advancing and solving challenges simultaneously. For its development and sustainability, nursing education needs drivers so that it can maintain its existence in a turbulent age. Drivers are the main factors consisting of several processes that cause change in a studied area. Nursing education in the country, while having many challenges and crises, has diverse and somewhat unknown capacities. Drivers and trends that, if identified and applied, can overcome some of the existing challenges. Therefore, the current research tries to identify the key factors and the main drivers involved in nursing education and then by designing the desired and probable scenarios in the future, it provides a framework for policy making and flexible planning according to the conditions. Therefore, the current research was carried out with the aim of scenario planning the future of nursing education in Iran.

This research was conducted with an exploratory nature and with the aim of knowing the leading futures in the field of nursing education in Iran in the undergraduate course. In the first stage, in order to identify drivers and trends, qualitative interviews with nursing professors of Iran and Delphi universities were used. Sandelowski and Barroso's seven-step method was used for synthesis. In the second step, a semi-structured interview was used. The participants were selected in a goal-based way from nursing professors who had managerial experience in nursing education. Interviews were conducted by phone and in person. The Shannon entropy method was used to analyze the content of the codes. In the third step, the Delphi method was used to confirm and evaluate the drivers identified. 30 people, including nursing specialists (members of nursing board and teaching assistants and managers of nursing departments in all nursing schools of medical sciences universities of the country) participated in the research by means of targeted sampling. A report of the drivers and trends obtained from the previous stage along with a summary of the research method and research objectives was sent to the members. For evaluation, scoring was used in the form of 0 to 5. This process continued in three consecutive rounds of e-mail and face-to-face visits. Then, using a panel of experts, the influence and uncertainty of the identified trends were scored. In the next step, using influence/uncertainty diagrams, the key axes for writing the scenario were determined. Scenarios were designed by Scenario Wizard software version 11/4 and strategies were presented. The validity of the scenarios was examined from the four perspectives of feasibility, internal consistency, usefulness and differentiation. All four conditions were acceptable according to the experts.

In the meta-synthesis stage, after internet search, 723 articles were reviewed, among which nine articles were used for the final analysis. At the end of this stage, the researcher identified 127 codes, which according to the purpose of the research and also based on the semantic proximity and the only verbal difference between some codes, the codes were merged and brought under a common title. Finally, 24 codes were identified. In the next step, considering the concept of each of these codes, they were categorized into a similar concept. In order to evaluate the quality, the results were given to one of the experts to be evaluated by the Kappa index. Using SPSS version 16 software, at a significance level of 0.05, this coefficient was obtained as 0.83, which shows the appropriate reliability of the codes. In the interview phase, 17 nursing professors (2 professors, 6 associate professors, 6 assistant professors, and 3 instructors) with an average clinical experience of 16 ± 1.2 years and an average managerial experience of 6 ± 3.1 years were interviewed. A total of 23 interviews were conducted with an average of 25-30 minutes. 15 of the interviews were conducted over the phone and the rest of the interviews were conducted in person. In this step, 356 codes were obtained. The findings of the content analysis were categorized using Shannon's entropy, and the results were entered into the next step for agreement and confirmation. In the third step, the experts agreed on 6 drivers and 31 trends. With five key uncertainties, the scenario was designed in three optimistic, intermediate and pessimistic assumptions. According to the size of the matrix and its dimensions (15 x 15), four problem-oriented, ethical, maintaining the status quo and closed educational system scenarios were reported for nursing education in Iran.

In the current study, four different scenarios were designed. Ultimately, each of these scenarios is believable and each has the potential to be realized, but which one will happen depends on today's plans. Scenarios have no prescription for the future itself, but rather a short film of the possibilities that may occur. This research is an analysis of the reliable results of our current possible actions. Further researches can obtain indicators for these scenarios. The application of future planning methods such as scenario in Iran's national health system can be considered as a warning system for awareness of opportunities and threats before the crisis. In order to improve the future of nursing education in Iran, it is recommended to form an expert working group with technical skills of scenario planning for more coordination in the strategic planning of specialized and sub-specialized fields and to formulate a comprehensive plan for the correct implementation of future planning projects. The manager or decision maker of the health field can see the serious part of the consequences of different decisions in the form of future scenarios of experience and future failure points right now.

The nursing education course faces challenges that can be solved with simple and low-cost measures if properly identified. Otherwise, the challenges will turn into a crisis and their solution will be difficult and costly. However, there is no tool available to examine the challenges of nursing education in Iran.

This research is a combined study that was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, the terms of the questionnaire were compiled using the qualitative interview of the study, as well as the review of authentic texts related to the topic of the research. In the next step, during a methodological study, the psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire were determined using face validity, content (CVR & CVI) and exploratory factor analysis, as well as reliability with internal consistency and stability methods.

The pool of items including 30 expressions was extracted. After determining face validity, qualitative and quantitative content validity, the number of questionnaire statements was reduced to 28 items. The result of the exploratory factor analysis of this questionnaire, three factors including "defective educational cycle", "educational structure challenge" and "overall neglect as a member of the education family", these three factors explained a total of 72.01% of the variance of the entire test. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.865 and the stability through retest with intraclass correlation test was 0.8.

Considering the desired validity and reliability of the 27-item questionnaire of nursing education challenges, its use by researchers is recommended.

In today’s challenging age, factors such as self-efficacy, boredom, and organizational commitment to the workplace play important roles. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation self-efficacy and boredom with organizational commitment in faculty members of Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch.

In this descriptive correlational study, the statistical population included all faculty members of Zanjan Azad University who were teaching in Zanjan Azad University in the academic year. The sample size was 157, according to Morgan's table. Samples were randomly selected from each faculty according to the number of faculty members. The "General Self-Efficacy Scale collected data," “Boredom Proneness Scale,” and “Allen & Meyer's Organizational Commitment Questionnaire," Content validity and reliability were measured by Cronbach's alpha in the present study. Data were analyzed using SPSS.22.

There was a positive and significant correlation between organizational commitment with Boredom and self-efficacy (r = 0.37 and P < 0.001, r = 0.20 and P = 0.010, respectively).

There is a correlation between organizational commitment with Boredom and self-efficacy. Therefore, planning to increase self-efficacy to increase organizational engagement and reduce boredom in university teachers is suggested.

Regular physical activity as an important health promoting behavior can prevent or delay the development of chronic diseases. The purpose of the present study was to determine the factors related to exercising based on the “Theory of Planned Behavior “in boys in in Ijrod City of Zanjan.

The present study is descriptive-correlational. In this research, a sample of 185 boys in the city of Yazd, Zanjan, was selected through Cochran's formula by cluster random sampling. Data were collected through demographic questionnaire and "Planned Behavior Theory Questionnaire" in 6 sections. Content validity Index and reliability were measured by Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed using LISREL software version 8/8 and SPSS.22.

Attitude to exercise (β = 32.5) and control of perceived behavior about exercise (β = 31.1) has a positive correlation with the intention to exercise. In addition, the subjective norm to exercise (β = 27.9) has positive and direct correlation with the intention to exercise. Controlling perceived behavior about exercise (β=27.1) was indirect correlation with exercise by intention to exercise (β = 62.0).

Attitude to exercise and subjective norms about exercising by explaining more than 88% of the variance in the intention to exercise was an important factor in explaining the intention to exercise. Therefore, it is suggested that factors associated with attitude and subjective norms regarding the exercise of non-athlete boys should be considered in order to maintain exercise.

Liver dystemperament is one of the main concepts of Iranian Traditional Medicine. However, the significance of its diagnostic criteria is not clear. The purpose of this study is to determine the major and minor diagnostic criteria of liver dystemperament in Iranian Traditional Medicine. This study is a qualitative study based on a hybrid model or a combination of theoretical and empirical studies. At the theoretical stage, 11 books of the main texts of Iranian Traditional Medicine were reviewed and scientific databases were searched by the keywords "liver" and "temperament" (mizaj) in Persian and English. Then, in order to examine the diagnostic method and the importance of each of the criteria, a semi-structured face-to-face interview was conducted with 16 traditional medicine specialists. The data were analyzed through conventional content analysis. Then, the significance and diagnostic priority of each of the symptoms were assessed through a discussion group featuring 10-12 professors. In this study, six major criteria and six minor criteria were identified for hot and cold dystemperament and eight major and ten minor criteria were identified for wet and dry liver dystemperament. This study is the first study to assess the importance of symptoms from the viewpoint of traditional medicine specialists and can be considered as an important step forward in integrating the methods of traditional Iranian medicine in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Further studies, as well as validation of the proposed diagnostic indicators and tools for liver dystemperament, are recommended.

Healthy lifestyle and internal documentary styles are among the variables that affect many aspects of life and play an essential role in controlling blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to predict hypertension from lifestyle, documentary style, and age in outpatients referring to public health centers in Urmia, Khoy and Mahabad. The present study is a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population includes all outpatient patients referring to public health centers in West Azarbaijan Province. The sampling method is randomly clustered. Three cities (Urumieh, Khoy and Mahabad) were randomly selected. All outpatient patients who visited these centers on even days were selected as a statistical sample (353 people). The instruments were “Lali's Life Style Questionnaire”, “Rotters Locus of Control” and balance and blood pressure monitor. Validity and reliability of the questionnaires have been confirmed in previous studies. Data was analyzed using SPSS. 23. There was a correlation between the source of internal control and age (P≤0.01) and lifestyle (subscales of weight and nutrition control, psychological health, avoidance of drugs and drugs) with hypertension (P≤0.05). The variables of the source of the style of internal documents, lifestyle (weight control and nutrition, mental health, avoidance of drug use), and age were able to predict 17.7% of outpatient hypertension. Weight control and nutrition, psychological health and avoidance of drugs and drugs, and the source of internal control of hypertension were inversely correlated. These variables are in control of the individual, so they can control blood pressure by controlling them. Therefore, it is suggested to strengthen the internal documentary style for positive events to reduce blood pressure, preventing self-medication and weight gain.

The quality of life of mothers is of great importance, particularly in mothers of children with special needs. The current study aimed at determining the correlation between quality of life of mothers of children with special needs and their demographic characteristics in Tehran, Iran.
The present descriptive-correlational study was conducted on mothers of primary school children with special needs who studied at special schools in Tehran, in the academic year of 2013-2014. A total of 190 mothers were selected through stratified random sampling method. To collect data, a demographic questionnaire and the “quality of life scale for mothers of children with special needs” were used. The validity and reliability of the latter scale were measured in the previous study. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 21.
According to the results of the current study, mothers of children with special needs had low quality of life. All in all, the results indicated that the lowest and highest mean scores belonged to social relationships and religious-spiritual domain as 40.92 ± 18.86 and 81.4 ± 17.73, respectively.
According to the results of the current study, mothers of children with special needs have low quality of life. Professionals and health care providers should pay more attention to psychological well-being of mothers of children with special needs in order to improve their quality of life.

The quality of work life of employees is one of the important factors in organizations. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between the quality of work life and demographic characteristics of employees of rehabilitation education centers in Zanjan.
The present research is descriptive-correlation study. In this study, the statistical population consisted of employees of rehabilitation education centers in Zanjan in 2014. 100 out of 13 day and day centers, 11 specialized clinic centers and 4 home visits were selected. The method of sampling was census. The data were collected with "Quality of Work Life Scale for Teacher of Student with Special Needs" with 61 items. Content validity index and reliability were measured by Cronbach's alpha methods. Data was analyzed by SPSS. 21.
The interaction with students has the highest score (3.17) and the lowest score is job barriers. The average quality of life score is 3.81 ± 0.27. Based on the results, married people had a lower score in promotion and career participation(P 0.05).
There is a correlation between the dimensions of quality of work life and some of the demographic characteristics of the employees of rehabilitation education centers. Therefore, considering the finding that occupational barriers have the lowest score, attention to this dimension of quality of work life of teachers of students with special needs, is very valuable.

Exercise is one of the behaviors that have a significant impact on human’s health. The aim of this study was to determine the factors related to the exercise in female athletes in Zanjan city during 2017-2018 based on the theory of reasoned behavior.
In this descriptive-correlational study, 140 female athletes in Zanjan city were selected by cluster-random sampling. The data collection instruments included a demographic data questionnaire and the Physical Activity Scale of Females Students, which contained 40 items in 5 sections. The face and content validity of the questionnaire were approved by 15 university lecturers and the reliability was measured by 15 athletes using the Cronbach's alpha and intra-group correlation method. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software.
Results of this study showed a significant and negative relationship between the attitude towards exercise with the intention to do exercise (r = -0.24, P = 0.005) and doing the exercise (r = -0.25, P = 0.003). Also, there was a positive and significant relationship between the intention to do exercise and doing the exercise (r = 0.69, P = 0.001). Furthermore, there was a positive relationship between the subjective norms to do exercise and attitude towards the exercise (r = 0.28, P = 0.001).
The findings show a significant and negative relationship between attitudes towards exercise with intention to do exercise and doing exercise. Also, there was a positive and significant relationship between the intention to do exercise and doing exercise. There was also a positive relationship between the subjective norms about the exercise and attitudes towards the exercise. It is suggested to perform this study on females with different ages in the society.

Mothers with delinquent children with respect to various mental health factors are different from other mothers. The aim of this study was to compare the resilience and quality of life of mothers with delinquent children and mothers with healthy children in Zanjan City, Iran, in 2016.
In this descriptive-comparative study, 120 mothers (60 mothers with delinquent children and 60 with healthy children) were selected using the convenience and purposive sampling methods. Data were collected by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and short-form health survey (SF-36(. Reliability of the SF-36 health survey was measured by the Cronbach's alpha (0.83) and test retest (0.83). The Cronbach's alpha of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale was 0.89. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 21software.
There was a positive correlation between resilience and quality of life (P This study shows that the quality of life is positively correlated with resilience. Similarly, the quality of life and resilience of mothers with delinquent children is lower than the healthy ones. As such, to enhance the quality of life and the resilience of these mothers, it is recommended to organize training courses for mothers with delinquent children.

Paying attention to the quality of working life is one of the methods in supporting employees to obtain better function in a working environment. Therefore, a valid and reliable scale for measuring this concept is necessary. The aim of this study was to develop and measure the psychometrics properties of "Quality of Work Life Scale in Teachers of Students with Special Needs".
This was a study with exploratory design conducted in two parts: qualitative and quantitative. Samples included 12 teachers in the qualitative and 232 in the quantitative parts. The samples were selected by convenience method. Data was collected by semi-structured interview. Interviews were analyzed with qualitative content analysis approach. In the quantitative part, for measuring the validity, content validity index, face, construct and concurrent validity, and for the stability reliability of the scale, alpha coefficient and test-retest were used. Data was analyzed by SPSS.16.
The "Quality of Work Life Scale in Teachers of Students with Special Needs" was developed with 53 items. Content and face were confirmed and construct validity showed 7 factors. Concurrent validity (r = 0.22), alpha coefficient (0.89) and test-retest for stability reliability of the scale (0.62-0.92) were confirmed.
The "Quality of Work Life Scale in Teachers of Students with Special Needs" was developed using 53 items and 7 factors, which were valid and reliable. The use of the scale for measuring quality of work life in teachers of students with special needs is suggested.

The present study aimed to assess quality of life in infertile women.
This was a cross-sectional study conducted on infertile females visiting infertility-treatment center in Shiraz in, Iran. A number of 162 infertile females were selected based on their availability. The personal data were collected using a socio-demographic questionnaire quality of life was measured by an exclusive questionnaire. Then, the quality of life was classified into 4 levels: very poor, poor, moderate and good.
The results obtained from the study showed that quality of life in infertile women was generally moderate. The highest mean quality of life was related to physical aspect of life (40.60 ± 9.08) and the lowest mean quality of life score was related to emotional aspect (11.0± 5.72). There were significant relationships between some personal and social characteristics such as education (P = 0.01), history of chronic disease (P = 0.008), cause of infertility (P = 0.006) and quality of life.
Infertile women's quality of life was relatively poor and affected by various personal and social factors. Therefore, identifying and modifying these factors is recommended to improve quality of life in this population.

Coronary artery disease is major problem that has high incidence and prevalence rate. One of the most important issue in coronary artery patients is quality of their lives. The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting the quality of patients’ lives with coronary artery disease using fuzzy regression.
In this descriptive study, 70 patients with coronary artery disease who referred to Dr Shariati Hospital (Tehran-Iran), were selected by convenience sampling. Data was used from previous studies that investigated the effect of “Continuous Care Model" as an intervention method on patients. Data has been collected by “Short Form Health Survey 36” (SF-36). Validity and reliability has also been confirmed. Data has been analyzed by MATLAB/7.
In the control group, the effect of age, body mass index, and blood lipids had an increasing trend with the quality of patients’ life. While, the blood pressure and the level anxiety have decreasing trend with the quality of patients’ life. In the case group, the age has increasing trend with quality of life of patients, whereas the mass body index, blood lipid, and level of anxiety have declining trend.
In this study, the age variable had a similar relation in both groups. Furthermore, "Continuous Care Model" led to decreasing trend in the blood lipid variable. Due to limited number of samples and variables related to human desires in clinical studies, it is recommended to use fuzzy regression.

The effect of cognitive-emotional factors of personality on identification and treatment of psychiatric disorders is important. The aim of present study was to compare cognitive and emotional dimensions of individuals’ with psychiatric disorders with those of normal individuals.
This descriptive-comparative study was carried out in 2013. Participants consists of 90 individuals afflicted with psychiatric disorders (addicted, depressed, anxious patients) referred to Rahvar counseling center in Northen Khorasan province and a control group with 30 normal individuals that were selected by convenience sampling. Data was collected by “Temperament and Character Inventory” (TCI-56). The content validity and also reliability is previously confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha. Data were analyzed by SPSS/18.
There were no significant differences in self-directedness dimension between groups. In self-transcendence dimension and cooperation, the mean score of individuals in all three groups were significantly lower than the normal group. There was significant difference between addicted, anxious and normal groups in perseverance dimension. In novelty-seeking dimension, the mean score of the addicted group compared to depress and anxious group was higher. Moreover, the score of harm-avoidance of anxious group was significantly higher than the one on in the addicted and normal group. In dimension of reward-dependence, the mean score of addicted group was significantly lower than the normal group (P There were significant differences in the cognitive-emotional dimensions of personality among addicted, depressed, anxious, and normal individuals. It is recommended to evaluate the role of cognitive-emotional dimensions of psychiatric disorders patients. Measuring each sub scale can serve as a valuable tool for clinicians as it enables identification of the psychiatric disorders patients’ personality profile

Health and wellbeing of mothers of children with special needs as a vulnerable group in society is very important. The aim of this study was to determine the health level of mothers with special needs children in Zanjan province.
This study was a descriptive-correlational research. The sample of study consisted of 300 mothers of children with special needs in the 2014-2015 academic years in Zanjan province. The instrument of this study was¡ “36 item Short Form Health Survey«. Validity and reliability of Iranian version of this instrument has been assessed and confirmed in previous studies. The data analysis was conducted by SPSS/16.
physical functioning (65. 81±24/12) ¡ social functioning (62. 61±27/01) ¡ pain functioning (62. 12±27/01) ¡ mental health functioning (61. 94±20/14) dimensions of health status of mothers were in more desirable condition than other dimensions such as role limitation due to emotional problems (44. 44±38/49).
The health status of mothers of children with special needs was low. Therefore paying more attention to health status of these group of vulnerable mothers and development of appropriate programs is very essential.

Cardiovascular disease is one of the important factor of mortality rate in the world. This disease will reduce the quality of life of patients. The aim of this study was to explore the perception of MI patients from influential factor on quality of life. The present study is a qualitative study with conventional content analysis approach. In total, 19 participants with MI were selected using purposive sampling method. Data was collected by semi structure interview and was analyzed using conventional content analysis. Results contained 4 main themes such as disability and dependency, spirituality, communication and economical problems. In total 9 sub-themes of physical disability, physical dependency to others, control of risk factors, negative feeling, Inculcates, negative/positive effect of spirituality, family communication, social communication, and negative/not effect of economy were merged to shape main themes. Participants of the study identified the influential factors of quality of life improvement in 4 main themes of disability and dependency, spirituality, communication and economical problems. Consequently, enhancing above factors to improve the quality of life of MI patients is suggested.

Evaluating the effectiveness of health care and interventions depends on an accurate measurement, which shows the necessity of applying certain criteria for selecting an appropriate instrument. The aim of this paper was to determine the index for selecting an appropriate instrument to conduct research in health sciences. In this review study, data were collected during 1990 till 2014 through review of Persian and English literature and purposive search for relevant index needed for selecting an appropriate instrument to conduct research in health sciences, and the most important psychometric properties of these instruments in books, articles, and databases by using the keywords: COSMIN checklist, measurement properties, psychometrics properties, disease-specific questionnaires, health status scales, health related questionnaires, psychometrics and quality criteria. After reviewing relevant literature, 9 articles were appropriate for COSMIN as well as 24 other articles which were suitable for the most important psychometric properties of instruments. The results of this study are presented in two sections. First, the COSMIN checklist is introduced. Next, the index related to determining the psychometric properties of the instrument, i.e. validity, reliability and responsiveness are explained. COSMIN checklist is an appropriate guide that facilitates the selection of a suitable instrument for researchers by providing logical index. Therefore, study results can be trusted with more confidence. The use of COSMIN Checklist in conducting research and reviewing articles in health science is recommended.

Heart failure is a major growing problem that reduces the functional capacity of patients and impaired their social life and is important in declining their sense of worth. The aim of this study was to determine dignity of patients with heart failure and its dimensions whom referred to Zanjan hospitals. In this descriptive-correlational study, 132 patients with heart failure were selected in convenience sampling method from cardiology ward of Zanjan hospitals in 2014. In this study, reliability and validity of pervious research was accepted Data were gathered by demographic questionnaire, “Inherent Dignity Questionnaire” (IDQ) and “Social Dignity Questionnaire” (SDQ). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS/19. The mean score of inherent dignity was 0.5±5.2, the mean score of social dignity was 0.4±4.5 and the mean score of dignity in general (inherent dignity + social dignity) was 0.4±4.9. The findings showed a significant correlation between inherent dignity and social dignity in patients with heart failure (P<0.05). Increasing communication and family support and society increased inherent dignity and social dignity of patents with heart failure. Using appropriate strategies to maintain and promote patients’ dignity specially their inherent dignity in society and resolving their economic problems, is recommended.

Every year a large number of premature and sick infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care units. This is a stressful event for parents and especially the mother. There is a small amount of information relating to the factors associated with maternal stress in the NICU. As Spirituality is a source of energy and power to cope with stress, the aim of this study was to determine correlation between spiritual wellbeing and stress in mothers of hospitalized newborns in the NICU.
Material & In this descriptive correlational study, 180 mothers of hospitalized newborns in selected hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were recruited by convenience sampling method. Data collection tools included Demographic characteristics questionnaire, “Parental Stressor Scale: NICU” (PSS: NICU) and “Spiritual well Being Scale” (SWBS). Data were analyzed with SPSS/16 and statistical tests including Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation were used.
The results showed that most of mothers (56.7%) had moderate stress, and 25 percent experienced severe stress. Also, most of the mothers participating in present study (51.1%) had a very high spiritual wellbeing. There was a significant adverse correlation between stress of mothers and her spiritual wellbeing (r= -0.48, p This study has determined correlation between spiritual wellbeing and stress in mothers of hospitalized newborns in the NICU. According to the findings of this research, neonatal special nurses can reduce stress of mothers with identifying mothers who are at risk for stress and providing spiritual support to them.

Heart failure is a major growing problem that affects not only patients but also their families and social networks. It reduces the functional capacity of patients and impaired their social life. This study was conducted to investigate social dignity and its related factors in heart failure patients. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 130 patients with class II to IV heart failure were selected by purposive sampling from Hazrate Rasoolakram, Imam Hossein and Shariati Hospital of Tehran, in 2013. Demographic questionnaire and Social Dignity Questionnaire (SDQ) completed by them. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistic methods and analytical statistic tests such as: Pearson correlation, One-Way ANOVA and Independent-Sample T Test and by using SPSSversion 19. The mean score of social dignity was 4.3±0.7. The highest mean score calculated for social communication and support dimension and the lowest mean score, calculated for burden to others (economic) dimension. ANOVA test with P<0.05 revealed a significant difference in the mean of illness related worries score between social communication and support dimension and burden to others (economic) dimension. Pearson statistic test with P<0.05 showed significant correlation between hospitalization number and social dignity and between disease severity and social dignity.Although the results of this study showed that patients with heart failure, have a good social dignity and are satisfied with social communication and support, but economically they feel burden to others. So, using appropriate strategies to support physical, mental and economic status of these patients in order to maintain and improve their social dignity is recommended.

Spirituality as the essence of the human beings and its effects on the human healing has increasingly been considered in the recent years. Holistic nursing care perspective needs to the nurses that they consider individuals from physical, mental, and social aspects with spiritual core. In this regard, the nurse's self spirituality has special importance. The purpose of the present study was to investigate spirituality experiences of oncology nurses. In this study, 24 oncology nurses participated from 12 hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti, Tehran and Iran Medical Sciences Universities. The Interviews were done by semi structured interviews guide and were analyzed through qualitative content analysis approach. Spirituality experiences of the oncology nurses were emerged in two main categories as the religious and existential domains in the Islamic culture of Iran.Discussion & The findings of this study were congruent with Islam holistic perspective that considers to all human aspects simultaneously.

Respect for inherent dignity of human beings means respect to their basic rights in different environments and have an importance role in the study of health care. This study was conducted to investigate the inherent dignity and its related factors in heart failure patients.

In this descriptive، cross-sectional study، 130 patients with class II to IV heart failure were selected upon to researcher characteristics and in purposive sampling from patients of Hazrate Rasoolakram، Imam Hossein and Shariati Hospital of Tehran. Demographic questionnaire and inherent dignity questionnaire (IDQ) completed by individuals. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistic methods، pearson correlation test، one-way ANOVA and independent-sample t tests.

The mean score of social dignity was 4. 6±0. 8. The highest mean score were obtained for dimension of inherent dignity in the family and the lowest mean score were obtained for dimension of inherent dignity in community. These findings revealed a significant difference in the mean of inherent dignity score between dimension of inherent dignity in the family and dimension of inherent dignity in community. There were also significant correlation between age and inherent dignity and between disease severity and inherent dignity.

Respect to the importance of every one role in family، community and health care systems and their commitment to protect and promote dignity of patients، the results of present study can be useful in planning of patients support and also their care and treatment [m1].

Pressure sore have been considered as a major health care problem. Nurse's knowledge about factors related to pressure ulcer can decrease pressure ulcer. The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with pressure sore in patients admitted to the orthopedic ward. In this descriptive study, 330 patients from four orthopedic units of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were selected by convenience sampling method. The data was collected by using "Nursing Care Observation Form". The form was validated by content validity method and inter-rater agreement method was used for reliability (Correlation Coefficient=0.85). Data were analyzed by SPSS/15. Many factors such as; attendant, training in regard to prevention of pressure sore, massage, changing patient position, skeletal traction, moving aid, external objects in bed, trapeze and floating map had significant statistical correlation to pressure sore (P<0.05). In Logistic Regression Model "have no attendant" was the most important factor of pressure sore (P<0.01). Many factors can cause pressure sore in the hospitalized patients. Therefore, teaching of students and healthcare providers about pressure sore care related factors and the necessity of applying pressure sore prevention in at risk patients before the ulceration is very important.

Recording patient care is an important monitoring method to determine the correct registration and evaluation of treatment and care. Therefore, developments of a valid and reliable instrument to measure quality of nursing records are required. The aim of this study was development and psychometric measurement of “Assessing Quality of Nursing Records Checklist”. This research was a methodological study. First, studies were reviewed, “Assessing Quality of Nursing Records Checklist” with 57 items and 4 dimensions was developed. Content Validity Index (Waltz & Bausell) and face validity was measured using point of view of 20 nurses. Reliability was also determined by intraclass correlation (ICC) method. Data was analyzed by SPSS/19. For measuring content validity index of “Assessing Quality of Nursing Records Checklist”, items with more than 79% was retained, therefore, items in the final stage were reduced to 42 items. In addition, findings showed that there are 4 dimensions in the “Assessing Quality of Nursing Records Checklist”. Furthermore, it was indicated that value of ICC was 0.96. The “Assessing Quality of Nursing Records Checklist” was developed with 42 in 4 dimensions which was valid and reliable. Due to lack of valid and reliable checklist for measuring the quality of nursing records in Iran, use of the developed checklist can facilitate the evaluation process. Measuring other types of validity such as construct and concurrent validity is also suggested.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is performed in order to restore the functioning of two most important body organs; the heart and brain. The present study was performed to investigate the effect of retraining of nurses on CPR success rate and short-term and long-term CPR survival. The study population of the present quasi-experimental study consisted of all nurses of Taleghani Hospital affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran, in 2011. The study subjects (n = 400) were selected using convenience and purposive sampling method. The patient survival rate during the first 24 hours (short-term survival) and discharge from the hospital (long-term survival) after CPR were reported. Then, the study subjects, in groups of 20, participated in CPR training courses. Short-term (24 hours) and long-term (discharge from hospital in good mental status) survival subsequent to CPR were reevaluated and compared with pre-training results. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20, and t-test and chi-square test. Retraining promoted CPR success rates. This increase in the short-term success rate was not significant, but the increase in long-term success rate was statistically significant (P = 0.007). Periodic retraining of nurses may improve CPR success rate particularly long-term survival or discharge from hospital. Therefore, further studies on long-term success of CPR considering confounding factors are recommended.