نشریه مدیریت ارتقای سلامت
سال ششم شماره 1 (پیاپی 23، بهمن و اسفند 1395)

Retirement is associated with reduced physical ability, low income, social problems, and loneliness. These factors affect the quality of life of retirees. The aim of this study was to compare the retirement quality of life in medical and administrative personnel in one of the educational and medical centers of Tehran.
This was a descriptive–comparative study. A total of 315 pensioners who referred to retirement center Hospitals of Medical University of Baqiyatallah in 2015 were selected through simple random sampling method. Data was collected using demographic questionnaires and the “Short Form 36” (SF-36). Validity and reliability had been measured in previous studies. Data was analyzed using SPSS 22.
The mean and standard deviation of quality of life of medical and administrative staff was 58 ± 8.1 and 57.5 ± 8.5, respectively. The mean difference of quality of life between the two groups was not statistically significant. However, this figure had a significant difference in physical functioning and emotional health disorder due to the roles of medical and administrative staff (P > 0.05).
The two groups had no statistical difference in overall quality of life score. However, in physical functioning, retired medical staff had a more unfavorable situation. Therefore, to improve the quality of life of retirees, health policy makers should consider this important issue in regard to retirees and their lives.

Establishing an effective reward system plays an important role in workforce recruitment and retention in medical organizations. This study aimed to determine the correlation of organizational motivation and rewards with medical personnel performance in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences (QUMS) in 2015.
This was a descriptive- correlational study conducted among medical personnel of hospitals of QUMS in 2015. A total of 375 medical personnel were selected by convenience sampling method to participate in the research. Data collection instrument was consisted of three questionnaires including “Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Questionnaire”, “Herzberg Job Motivation Questionnaire” and “Performance Evaluation Questionnaire”, whose reliabilities were confirmed through Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22 and LISREL 8.8.
The organizational rewards (both extrinsic and intrinsic) had correlation with organizational motivation (t = 16.24, P ≤ 0.05; t = 14.73, P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, both internal and external motivations had a significant correlation with personnel performance (t = 6.14, P ≤ 0.05; t = 4.85, P ≤ 0.05).
An increase in rewarding level would lead to a significant improvement in personnel motivation and consequently developing the performance. Therefore, identifying the motivational reward factors could enhance hospital managers’ awareness in order to apply strategies and ultimately increase personnel’s quality of performance.

The general health of parents that tolerate and adapt to life problems is very important. This study aimed at comparing the general health among mothers of students with neurodevelopmental disabilities in the city of Shiraz during 2014-2015.
This was a descriptive-comparative study. The statistical population consisted of mothers of elementary school student with neurodevelopmental disability in Shiraz. Through a purposive sampling method, 135 mothers were selected, of which 50 had children with learning disability, 38 with intellectual disability, and the remaining 47 with autism spectrum disorders. In order to assess the general health of mothers, the "General Health Questionnaire” was used. Construct validity of the scale was calculated using the “Internal Structure Studies”. Furthermore, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was measured. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS 21.
The general health of mothers of students with learning disability (x̄ = 32.04) was significantly higher than both groups of mothers of students with intellectual disability (x̄ = 27.91) and autism spectrum disorder (x̄ = 30.64) (P General health problems of mothers of children with learning disability were more than both other groups of mothers. Development and implementation of preventive and interventional programs to enhance the general health of mothers of students with neurodevelopmental disability is suggested.

Physical activity is one of the most important health behaviors. The aim of this study was to determine the factors related to physical activity based on the “BASENF Model” in Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2016.
In this descriptive-correlational study, 480 male and female students were selected through stratified sampling. To collect data, the “International Physical Activity Questionnaire” and a questionnaire based on the “BASNEF Model” were used. Content validity and reliability by Cronbach's alpha was determined by five experts. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20.
In this study, physical activity levels at 0.56%, 28.1% and 15.2% were considered as low, moderate and high, respectively. There was a correlation in age, income and education, with physical activity. The most important predictors of physical activity were enabling factors and behavioral intention.
Enabling factors and behavioral intention were determined as the two most important predictors of the model. Due to low physical activity in students, planning physical activity sessions are suggested.

It is necessary that various aspects of health information and statistics be identified and measured, since health problems are getting more complex. This study aimed to determine the distribution of laboratory and rehabilitation services in East Azerbaijan province in 2014.
The method of this study was descriptive. The studied population consisted of all laboratory and rehabilitation service providers such as hospitals, health centers, clinics and outpatient clinics, providing their services to all sectors in East Azerbaijan province during 2014. All the centers comprising 256 laboratories, 146 imaging centers and 90 rehabilitation centers were studied. Data was collected by "Paraclinic and Rehabilitation Services Form". Content validity was approved by five experts in school of Health Management and Medical Informatics. Data was analyzed by SPSS 18.
The highest and the lowest laboratory services were provided by the private sector (51%) and the charities (0.8%), respectively. The maximum rehabilitation services were provided in the social security sector (36.6%) and the lowest belonged to the military institutions (0.9%).
The private sector in comparison with the public sector is at the forefront of laboratory and rehabilitation services. Therefore, it is suggested to design and apply policies to support and develop these sectors.

Job stress is one of the important issues in the 21st century which affects the quality of human’s life. The present research aimed to determine the correlation between job stress and quality of life of nurses who work in Intensive Care Units of Zanjan Medical Sciences hospitals in Iran.
This was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population consisted of all the nurses who worked at the Intensive Care Units of medical sciences hospitals of Zanjan city in 2015. Using Cochran’s Formula, 130 nurses were selected and participated in the survey. Data collection was conducted through “Job Stress Questioners” and “Short Form 36” (SF-36), the validity and reliability of which had been measured in previous studies. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS 20.
The results showed a significant correlation between job stress and the quality of life of nurses (0.43) (P ≥ 0.05). In this respect, there was a significant difference between job stress and the quality of life of male and female nurses. Analysis indicated that due to the high job stress of female nurses, they had a lower quality of life compared to their male counterparts.
This study revealed a significant correlation between job stress of nurses and their quality of lives. Moreover, it showed that female nurses had a lower level of quality of life. As such, to reduce the stress and enhance the quality of life of Intensive Care Unit nurses, it is recommend to design and arrange training and workshop sessions.

Today, due to changes in health behaviors, females are exposed to various health-related risks. This study aimed to determine predictors of health-improving behaviors of females referred to healthcare centers in Hamedan.
In this descriptive study, 500 females were selected by two stage clustered random method from health centers in Hamedan. In order to collect data, “Questionnaire of Predictors of Health Promoting Behaviors” and “Health Promoting Behaviors Questionnaire” were used. Validity and reliability were measured with Cronbach’s alpha. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software.
The fitness of linear regression model of personal, social and economic factors with health-improving behaviors showed that marriage duration and number of children had a direct and significant correlation with health-improving behaviors. Also, age of females, age of spouse, age of the last child, body mass index, duration of internet usage, and duration of social networks usage had a reverse and significant correlation with health-improving behaviors.
Health-improving behaviors in females were at a sufficient level. It is suggested to conduct courses on health-improving behaviors for female’s at different centers.

Paying attention to the quality of working life is one of the methods in supporting employees to obtain better function in a working environment. Therefore, a valid and reliable scale for measuring this concept is necessary. The aim of this study was to develop and measure the psychometrics properties of "Quality of Work Life Scale in Teachers of Students with Special Needs".
This was a study with exploratory design conducted in two parts: qualitative and quantitative. Samples included 12 teachers in the qualitative and 232 in the quantitative parts. The samples were selected by convenience method. Data was collected by semi-structured interview. Interviews were analyzed with qualitative content analysis approach. In the quantitative part, for measuring the validity, content validity index, face, construct and concurrent validity, and for the stability reliability of the scale, alpha coefficient and test-retest were used. Data was analyzed by SPSS.16.
The "Quality of Work Life Scale in Teachers of Students with Special Needs" was developed with 53 items. Content and face were confirmed and construct validity showed 7 factors. Concurrent validity (r = 0.22), alpha coefficient (0.89) and test-retest for stability reliability of the scale (0.62-0.92) were confirmed.
The "Quality of Work Life Scale in Teachers of Students with Special Needs" was developed using 53 items and 7 factors, which were valid and reliable. The use of the scale for measuring quality of work life in teachers of students with special needs is suggested.