فلور زرگری

 

Diabetes is associated with biochemical and pathological changes in liver and kidney tissue. One of the most important mechanisms in causing   complications of diabetes is increasing the production of free radicals due to impaired glucose metabolism. Some studies have shown that melatonin is effective in protecting tissues due to its antioxidant role. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of melatonin on biochemical factors, histopathological changes of liver and kidney in streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetic rats.

In this experimental study, 40 adult male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10): control group, diabetic group, melatonin group (20mg/kg BW) and melatonin + diabetic group.  At the end of the 6th week, blood samples were collected. Biomarkers of liver function (alkaline phosphatase: ALP, aspartate aminotransferase: AST, alanine aminoteransferase: ALT) and kidney biomarkers (urea, uric acid, BUN, creatinine), serum glucose and histopathological changes of these tissues were evaluated.  Data analysis was performed using SPSS and the significance level was P<0.05.

Melatonin treatment significantly (P<0.05) reduced hyperglycemia, hepatic enzymes and renal biochemical factors due to diabetes and improved histopathological changes of liver and kidney tissue.

Melatonin consumption can be effective in improving the renal and kidney complications of diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that is created by hyperglycemia and impaired insulin secretion, resistance to insulin action or both. Researches show that aqueous extracts of white tea has an antioxidant properties but few studies have been conducted on the effects of diabetic and hyperlipidemic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of white tea on the lipid profile and blood glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In the experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 8 were; First group, control group that received standard diet and a daily 1ml of distilled water via gavage; the second group, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats; the third group, healthy rats aqueous extract of white tea (1.5 percent) were consumed; the forth group, diabetic rats that were consumed aqueous extracts of white tea (1.5 percent). After the treatment period (30 days) to determine blood glucose levels and lipid profile was performed and the data were analyzed with SPSS software (P<0.05). A significant decreases in serum levels of glucose, LDL, cholesterol and triglyceride and significant increase in levels of HDL and weight were observed in the group receiving aqueous extract of white tea (P<0.05). The results showed that aqueous extracts of white tea decreases serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol levels significantly (P<0.05). The aqueous extracts of white tea is effective for hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetic rats.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem with prevalence of 8 -16%. It disrupts the function and structure of the kidneys over time irreversibly, and in its advanced stages (End Stage Renal Disease-ESRD) imposes a huge financial burden on the health system of communities. Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is one of the significant external complications, which is the most important cause of mortality in patients with CKD. Therefore, quick and early diagnosis of this disease due to its rapid and yet latent process in its earliest stages is essential to prevent side effects and avoid waste of funds. Evidence from various studies in recent years indicates that CKD progression is significantly associated with decreased levels of anti-aging protein, Klotho. Under normal physiological conditions, the major source of this protein is kidney tissue cells. Thus, Klotho deficiency is not only an early biomarker in the diagnosis of CKD, but also an important pathogenic factor in the progression and appearance of its adverse effects. This study aimed to introduce Klotho protein as an early diagnostic biomarker and to present new, effective therapeutic strategies for patients with CKD.

Free radicals are produced at every moment in our body at an incredible speed, and if they are not trapped at the same speed, they can be extremely problematic. Free radicals cFree radicals are toxic byproducts of oxygen metabolism that contain at least one unpaired electron. Overproduction of free radicals can cause damage to parts of cells such as proteins, DNA and cell membrane through a process called oxidative damage. These irreversible damages lead to a change in cellular function or may lead to cell death. Oxidative damage to biomolecules eventually leads to many chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, arthritis, and infertility.Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the ability of the body to detoxify their harmful effects by antioxidants. The present article provides information on production of free radicals, types of free radicals and their relation to certain diseases, which can be useful to researchers in this regard.an attack body fat, break the cell membrane, or release toxic substances into surrounding  tissues. These irreversible damage leads to a change in cellular function or cell death.. Free radicals and stress resulting from it can cause some diseases, including: Alzheimer's disease, cancer, Glaucoma, heart disease, Parkinson's disease ,arthritis, diabetes and  infertility. The present  article provides information on how to produce free radicals, types of free radicals and their relation to certain diseases, which can be useful to researchers in this regard.

Blood glucose increases production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and oxidative stress in diabetic patients. Recent research suggests that use of probiotics have beneficial effects on biomarkers of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to determine effects of probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei on biomarkers oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
32 male wistar rats were assigned to 4 groups randomly: group CN, consumed a normal standard diet (with buffer saline 0.2), group CL (probiotic diet 109cfu / ml), group D (diabetic rats蘨 fat diet), group DL (diabetic rats蘨 fatꚺᮊ譢). After 6 weeks levels of malondialdehyde, total antioxidant and antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathion peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) were measured.
A significant decreases in serum levels of malondialdehyde and significant increase in levels of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and glutathion peroxidase) and total antioxidant capacity were observed in the probiotic supplements groups (p Consumption of probiotics Lactobasilus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei had beneficial effects on biomarkers of oxidative stress in diabetic rats.

Sodium arsenite is an environmental pollutants capable of generating free radicals causing oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is regarded as a major factor in male infertility by reducing sex hormone levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant effect of white tea on serum levels of FSH, LH and testosterone in male rats exposed to arsenic.
In this experimental study, 32 adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups with eight rats in each. The first group was healthy rats (control group) that received distilled water with standard diet via gavage daily. The second group of rats was treated with 100 ppm sodium arsenite in drinking water, The third group of rats was treated with white tea (1.5%) and the fourth group received aqueous extract of white tea (1.5%) with arsenic (100 ppm in drinking water) via gavage. At the end of a 30-day time period, after providing serum, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was used to analyze the hormones, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan were applied to diagnose the differences.
The results showed that arsenic caused a significant decrease in FSH, LH and testosterone compared to the control group (p It seems that the aqueous extract of white tea may be helpful in reducing the toxic effects of sodium arsenite on sex hormones.

Oxidative stress is a condition is which the biological system's ability to detoxify and eliminate harmful effects of free radicals is not sufficient and oxidative damages to cells or tissues  leads to the development of diseases such as cancer, arteriosclerosis and degenerative changes. Phenolic compounds due to their high antioxidant capacity, have an important role in health and increase the antioxidant defense against oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of white tea on status of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPx), MDA (malondialdehyde) and TAC (total antioxidant capacity) in rats treated with sodium arsenite. In this study, 32 adult male rats weighing 200-250 g were used in four groups of eight. The first group included healthy normal rats (control group), the second group of rats were treated with sodium arsenite (100 ppm in drinking water) the third group of rats were treated with aqueous extract of white tea at a concentration of 1/5%, via gavage, the fourth group of rats were treated with aqueous extract of white tea (1/5%) via gavage with sodium arsenite (100 ppm in drinking water). The rats were killed at the end of the 28th day of treatment and blood samples were collected and the antioxidant enzymes of CAT (catalase), SOD (superoxide dismutase), GPx (glutathione peroxidase), and MDA and TAC were measured. The results indicate that the aqueous extract of white tea significantly increased the activities of SOD, GPx, CAT and TAC and decreased   MDA concentration (p<0.05). The results showed consummation of white tea decreased the oxidative stress of arsenic by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and potentiation of antioxidant defense system.

Oxidative stress has been implicated in various pathological consequences including such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and aging. The present study investigated the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Nasturtium Officinale on antioxidant status and DNA damage in arsenic –induced oxidative damage in liver and kidney tissue. In this experimental study, 48 male rats were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups: Group 1: normal healthy rat, group II was treated with sodium arsenite (SA) {i.p. injection at dose of 5.5 mg/kg body weight}, group III and group IV was treated with hydroalcoholic extract of N.Officinale (via gavage) at a dose of 200 and 500 mg/kg body weight respectively, group V and group VI was treated with hydroalcoholic extract of N.Officinale (via gavage) at a dose of 200 and 500 mg/kg body weight respectively + SA. Blood samples were collected and then examined antioxidant enzymes: Catalase (CAT), Superoxiddismutase (SOD) and Glutathion Peroxidase (GPx) activities, MDA (Malondialdehyde) content, 8-OHdG concentration in liver and kidney. Results of current study indicates that N.Officinale consumption significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and decreased MDA content, 8-OHdG(8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine) Concentration in liver. The consumption of plant extract significantly increased the activity of GPx in kidney. N.Officinale (Watercress) reduces the arsenic-induced oxidative damage in liver and it has the little protective effect in kidney.