فهرست مطالب فهیمه ساجدی مهر

Religious task within the limits of one's ability is mentioned in five Quranic verses and has created many challenges in the history of tafsir and theological sciences and has led Muslim scholars to group. Challenges in “tasks as much as possible" are often in four intellectual and auditory issues, possibility and refusal, occurrence and non-occurrence, and its goodness and ugliness. These challenges are answered in two hadiths of Imam Riḍā (as). Despite the importance of these two hadiths, so far no independent research has been published on the conceptual and propositional analysis and their logical components. The main issue of this research is the process of providing evidence and the source of proof in two hadiths of Razavi by examining the effect of the source of proof in these two hadiths on the Shiite exegesis heritage and comparing it with Sunni interpretations. The difference between the source of proof in Imam Riḍā's (as) statement, which is "justice", and the source of proof with Sunni interpretations, which is "mercy", shows the difference in the concept of "religious task within the limits of one's ability". The content of this hadith has a strategic role in the health and efficiency of legal, educational and moral systems. The fairness of the task in this narrative can be used as an indicator for evaluating professional tasks.

The present article deals with the conceptual analysis of the Shākilih (rule of conduct) mentioned in verse 84 of Isra' Surah as a mediator between man and his action. Different hypotheses have been expressed about the Shākilih and behavior conduction throughout the interpretation history. Some commentators describe Shākilih as essence of human beings, some acquired phenomenon, and some have doubted between the two. It is very important to explain the structure of Shākilih concept and its effect on educational and moral systems. In this research, the verse is assumed to be a linear graph and the position of Shākilih is examined with its before and after words in this diagram. A comprehensive and new concept can be achieved by analyzing the relationship between Shākilih and human behavior. The human Shākilih is the result of the essence of man and the properties that are his essence and the sum of his acquired assets that conduct his behavior.

Razi is not one of those commentators who often go beyond the text and the apparent meaning of the verses of the Qur'an and tend to paraphrase the verses. However, he is forced to paraphrase the five verses of the Qur'an, which explicitly indicate that the duties are limited to the extent of the Qur'an. This rare approach has its causes and reasons. He mentions five reasons in this regard and considers them as a definite verdict on the fulfillment of the task, to an extent beyond the scope of individuals. The subject of current research is to investigate the reason for his tendency to interpret these verses of the Qur'an. The research hypothesis of Razi's theological basis in paraphrasing is the attribution of individuals' actions. According to this interpretation, any internal origin of the action in man is denied and only the act of "acquisition" is sufficient. There are reasons for this mysterious epistemological basis. One of these factors is the interpretation of divine power.

The purpose of this study is to examine the ethical aspects and consequences of the feasible duty. The first hypothesis of the study is that the feasible duty also includes ethical recommendations and commands. The second hypothesis is the role of the feasible duty as a strategic principle to prevent harm in moral and educational systems. The third hypothesis is the assessing and psychological role of this principle in the efficiency and effectiveness of ethical and educational systems and the ethical evaluation of the professional systems and legal systems. The research is based on the position of Shiite scholars on the challenges of the unfeasible duty. There are two interpretations of the feasibility: feasibility in the sense of strength and feasibility in the sense of less than tolerability. The research hypotheses are examined via the logical-critical analytic method in light of these two interpretations and by the assumption of non-authorization of the unfeasible duty and the exclusion of any unfeasible duty. The purpose of the present research is to critically apply the principle of the feasible duty to a varied range of applied ethics.

This research examines the problem of the epistemic link between "duty to the extent of ability" and "free will and determinism" and its dimensions in the scientific heritage of interpretation and theology through a historical-comparative approach and an analytical-critical method. Since the discussion of this link has been found in interpretive sources of theological base, this analysis is founded on ten effective commentators' views. The commentators` historical and comparative analysis in the field of "free will and determinism" have given under the five verses of ability. The Mu'tazilites attribute these verses to the denial of determinism and addmission of absolute free will. The early Asharites seek a new conceptualization of ability in order to reconcile verses with a deterministic view. The later Ash'arites, however, accepted moderate deterministic theories. Shiite commentators attribute these verses to the denial of determinism and absolute free will. This study seeks to achieve the distinction between three types of conceptual, confirmatory and interpretive links. With this distinction, the historicotheological challenges can be explained in the interpretation of the verses of ability between the two issues of "Duty to the Extent of Ability" and "Free Will and Determinism"

"Security of speech "is one of the blessings that God has bestowed on all mankind, and necessitates this right to each individual provided that this release would not violate the rights of others and not conflict with Islamic ideas. However, throughout history, some people have always exercised this right against other communities and consequently caused some sorts of uncertainties and doubts among human beings. In many verses, the Holy Quran refers to speech conspiracies used by different tribes against prophets, and also mentions the strategies the prophets employed to confront with them. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the speech conspiracies used by various ethnic groups against their profits in the Holly Quran, and schemes and strategies used by prophets in order to confront with these conspiracies. The authors using analytical methods, analyzed all the verses of Quran to find out different speech conspiracies among various ethnic groups. Research findings showed that based on the verses of Holly Quran 14 tribes used speech conspiracies like calumny, denying, mocking, and spreading uncertainties and rumors against their prophets, and prophets used peaceful methods and threats such as transparency, warning, invitation and Jihad, to deal with these acts.