قدرت الله طلایی

Development studies now focus on human resource and human resource development analysis levels. Accordingly, this research is generally concentrated on the individual aspects of HRM. Researches regarding this field are various in terms of concepts, methods and approaches, each of which refers to parts of the individual development model. Therefore, this research aims at developing an integrate review of the present literature and conducting a comprehensive competency-based individual development model through a systematic literature review. The researchers employed open, axial and selective coding method and ATLAS.ti9 for data analysis. 7322 documents were identified. Having subjected them to non-inclusion standards, the researchers presented 37 documents to the software for an in-depth investigation. As a result, 359 narrations were identified and grouped into 177 codes, 21 subcategory and 5 main categories. This research led to the presentation of a new model including the following categories: input, individual development plan (setting goals, prioritizing the goals, goal achievement strategies, time management, revising the individual development plan, participatory implementation, determining evaluation criteria, assessment and monitoring of individuals, feedback, reviewing the individual development plan, output, intervening conditions, and contextual conditions. The proposed model can be employed as a basis of the successful individual human resource development plan by various organizations.

Today, one of the major challenges that planners and managers are grappling with in the field of banking services is customer recognition, and distinction between different groups of customers. It is obvious that the use of appropriate model gives the bank the opportunity that fits your valuable suggestions along with demands for targeted sectors and provides design and thus improves bank performance from different perspectives. The aim of this study is using and appropriate model for clustering customers based on indexes including novelty, number of transaction and financial factors. In this paper, for clustering data, the genetic algorithm combining with fuzzy C-means is used to overcome problems such as being sensitive to the initial value and getting trapped in the local optimum. The simple random sampling method is used to obtain the sample. The findings show that the first cluster of customers due to its high performance in "novelty", "number of transaction" and "financial factors" index are loyal customers and the second cluster of customers because of low performance in "novelty" index, mean performance in "number of transaction" index and high performance in "financial factors" are among those customers who are turning away from bank.

Although the products of each region could be used as an indicator for the welfare of that region alone, but in new literature of this field, not only production but also the level of technology used in production is considered as fundamental factor for ranking regions based on level of development, particularly sustainable development.Meanwhile, the unbalanced spatial distribution of resources and production factors cause different potentials for different regions and therefore it requires accurate regional and national planning and identifying production capabilities. However, labor force is the most important economic variables that distinct regions.Quality of labor that measured by level of education and skill level in literature, like other social and economic variables can strongly affected by region. In other words the different levels of quality of labor force in different regions can be seen. However, in prevalent classifications, quality of labor force in each region considered as an indicator for determining the level of technology of economic sectors including industry.In other words, quality of labor force in the industrial sector shows the technology and, consequently, different levels of labor quality in manufacturing industries distinct levels of technology. Regional distinctions by technology approach were less noted in Iran and base on the knowledge of the researchers in this article there is no research in this field in Iran. Therefore, surveying the level of technology in manufacturing industries in Iran with regard to human approach is the main purpose of this paper. Technology level of industrial firms according to three basic criteria of production, value added and employment in 1995, 2000 and 2005 (the first year of second, third and forth development plans) examined. Quality of labor force used to determine level of technology based on skill level and by the engineers and technicians ratio to the total number of employees. According to this factor, industrial firms have been classified into three categories: High Technology (HT), Medium Technology (MT), and Low Technology (LT).If the number of engineers and technicians working in the firm in comparison to all employees is less than 15 percent, the firm is LT. If this ratio is between 15 to 20 percent the firm is MT and if the percent is more than 20 percent, firm is in the group of HT. However, in reports published by the World Bank and United Nations for international comparison of regions and based on CIP, HT and MT productions is in one group and so this study uses the same method to analyze the provinces in Iran. Although production in each region or country is the important indicator in economic position of that region, but new studies in this field has shown that this indicator is not and also should not be the only factor for determining regions in terms of development and especially sustainable development. For example more production can be combined with abundant pollution and so disrupt the sustainable development. Therefore in new literature, not only production but also technology level as well as Production is the basic indicator for ranking regions and it is expected that unbalanced spatial distribution of resources and production factors had different potentials for different regions. This study investigated the regional distinctions in levels of industrial technology. This study shows that the level of technology in the manufacturing industries of Iran strongly influenced by the location of industrial firms and determining technology level did not change this result. From a policy perspective, this result means that neglecting the level of technology used in production and making decisions only based on production amounts and ranking regions based on this indicator may have unreal results that do not match to sustainable development indicators in world.

This study assesses the fitting properties of a corporate entrepreneurship measurement model. This model measures the key internal organizational factors that influence middle managers to initiate corporate entrepreneurship. For this purpose, the stratified data sampling method was used and samples were selected from middle managers (108 persons of Textile SMEs in YAZD Province). In this research, the number of employees was considered fewer than 51 for small companies and between 51 and 150 for medium companies based on the standard defined by the Ministry of Industries. Therefore, 100 questionnaires were released to middle managers of small and medium companies and 58 questionnaires were collected with 0.58 rate of return which the error of our samples quantity is between 0.1(51 persons)and 0.07(70 persons). Based on the factors loading scores and components loading distribution, latent factors were extracted and assigned. The study concluded existence of different factors: the support of managers, work discretion, formal reinforcement programs, time availability and organizational boundaries. These results were confirmed by other relevant studies. For the analysis of extracted conceptual models and validity of every internal organizational factor, the path and confirmatory factor analysis was applied. Then, six conceptual causal models were designed regarding the relationship between visible indicators as latent factors and confirmed by statistical methods.