لیلا خضریان

Acne is one of the most common diseases in dermatology. It has been claimed that acne and weight gain are clinical markers of hyperandrogenism, and it seems that obesity is associated with increased responsiveness to androgenic hormones and acne severity. This investigation may aid in finding the possible relationship between severity of acne and Body Mass Index (BMI) in order to improve the management of acne patients.
This was a case-control study. After signing a consent form, 220 individuals that had referred to the outpatient clinic of dermatology of Hamadan Farshchian Hospital were recruited. All of the participants in the study population were females. There were a total of 110 patients with acne serving as the case group and 110 females, without acne as the control group. Two groups were age-matched and compared with respect to BMI.
There was a significant relationship between weight and acne )P = 0.001), yet no correlation was found between acne severity and BMI )P = 0.348).
This study showed that acne and weight are related. Since overweight and metabolic syndrome is associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, identification and treatment of obesity in these patients is essential. Therefore, it could be suggested that control of obesity and metabolic syndrome may also improve management of acne patients.

Parry-Romberg syndrome, a rare syndrome, is characterized by progressive atrophy affecting one side of the face. This disease can include the skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscles, cartilage, and underlying bony structures.
A 27-year-old female was admitted to the outpatient clinic of dermatology of Farshchian Hospital, with chief complaint of asymmetric facial appearance. The asymmetry started at the age of 16 and developed over a period of 4 years, then stopped. A physical examination revealed that the right side of her face, especially her chin was smaller than the left side, and there was loss of subcutaneous fat, which was associated with skin tightness. There were no systemic symptoms of other illnesses or other signs.
The disease is self-limiting, yet, can be associated with systemic involvement such as neurological disorders. Clinical symptoms are the keys of diagnosis. A muli-lateral approach is essential to control the disease.

Melasma is a recurrent, symmetric, and chronic acquired hyperpimentation that presents gray-brown macules and patches with determined margins in areas exposed to light. There are many treatment options with different efficacies and side effects. In this study the therapeutic effect of 20% azelaic acid and 4% hydroquinone in treatment of melasma was assessed.
In this clinical trial, the study population consisted of all patients with clinical diagnosis of melasma, who referred to the outpatient clinic of dermatology of Hamadan, Farshchian Hospital from December 2013 to July 2014. A total of 44 patients were recruited. Patients were randomly divided to two groups and each group was treated with either azelaic acid or hydroquinone for four months. The MASI score was used to evaluate the improvement. P values of ≤ 0.05 were considered significant.
Of 44 patients, 21 received 4% hydroquinone and 23 received 20% azelaic acid, with random allocation. Both groups were similar with respect to gender and age, and there were no significant differences between the two groups. The MASI score in both groups had a decreasing trend over time, and at the end of the fourth month, a significant difference was found between the two groups (P = 0.006). The overall mean MASI score in both groups had a significant difference at different times and during the entire trial period, mean MASI score of 20% azelaic acid was lower than 4% hydroquinone (P = 0.001).
Based on this study, we could conclude that 20% azelaic acid in comparison with 4% hydroquinone had better effects on treatment of melasma. Therefore, 20% azelaic acid is a good alternative for 4% hydroquinone in treatment of melasma.

Seborrhea is a condition of sebaceous glands hyperactivity and increase in the secretion of sebum on head and face surface. Sebaceous glands hyperfunction causes oily and glassy appearance with large pores on the skin. The effect of androgens on providing seborrhea is controversial. Since sufficient and definite information about testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in seborrhic cases is not available, this study was carried out to evaluate effect of serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels in the seborrheic patients.
In this case-control study, 36 patients with seborrhea and 36 control individuals, under 40 years of age were selected. Serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels were measured in ng/mL. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.16, Chi-square and t-tests (α = 0.05).
Twenty-three males and 49 females, who referred to the dermatology department of Farshchian Hospital of Hamadan, participated in this study. The age distribution of the participants was between 19 and 39 years old with mean age of 28.66 ± 5.71. The mean level and SD of serum testosterone in control and case groups was 2.83 ± 2.75 and 1.21 ± 1.09, respectively, while dihydrotestosterone level was 500.38 ± 373 and 350.99 ± 228.2 ng/mL. Means and SDs values of serum testosterone were 2.83 ± 2.75 and 1.21 ± 1.09 and dihydrotestosterone was 500.38 ± 373 and 350.99 ± 228.2 ng/mL in case and control groups, respectively. The findings showed that there were differences in serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone values between case and control groups (P According to the results of this study there is a positive relationship between serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone values with seborrhea

Introduction & Skin tag is a soft, small and pedunculated lesion that is usually located on the skin folds like neck and axilla. The relationship between skin tags and dyslipidemia has been reported in several studies. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing serum lipid levels in skin tag affected subjects with healthy individuals.
In this case-control study, lipid profile (serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL)) of skin tag affected patients presenting to dermatology clinic of Farshchian hospital (Hamadan, Iran) was compared with lipid profile of individuals presenting to the same clinic for the reasons other than skin tags. All the data collected were analyzed with SPSS16 software.
In this study, lipid profile of 49 skin tag affected individuals was compared with lipid profile of 49 individuals not affected by such lesion. Mean serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL were significantly higher in the affected group in comparison to control group (P This study showed that the presence of skin tags could be related to increased levels of serum lipids. It is recommended that physicians consider the possibility of dyslipidemia in patients presenting with these skin lesions.

Cicatricial alopecia refers to lesions that result in permanent and irreversible hair loss and are associated with destruction of hair follicles. In this alopecias the hair follicle is replaced with connective tissue. After remission of initial infection or inflammation، hair regrowth is unlikely. In this retrospective cross-sectional study، 222 patients with cicatricial alopecia، admitted to Farshchian Hospital، Hamadan، Iran were investigated. Hospital records of patients with cicatricial alopecia were reviewed، and their demographic as well as clinical data were extracted and entered into prepared data gathering forms. One-hundred and ten patients (49. 5%) had discoid lupus erythematosus، 71 patients (31. 9%) had lichen planopilaris، 23 patients (10. 4%) had pseudopelade of Brocq، 11 patients (4. 9%) had keratosis pilaris spinulosa decalvans and 3 patients (1. 3%) had central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia. Each of alopecia mucinosa and dissecting cellulitis/folliculitis were observed in 2 patients (0. 9%). The correlation between of illness، extent of disease، gender، location، occupation، and clinical features of the disease were studied. Cicatricial alopecia usually results in irreversible hair loss، but early diagnosis and treatment can prevent the progression of the lesions and its complications. The diagnosis of this disease is possible with a clinicopathologic study.

Introduction & Alopecia or hair loss is defined as the loss of hair on the head or body. Despite the benign prognosis of hair loss, it has a clear impact on the quality of life of the patients who are involved. There are many reasons to explain the pathophysiology of hair loss. Among many nutritional factors, vitamin D deficiency may play a role in hair loss too. Active vitamin D or 1, 25 dihydroxy vitamin D has an effect on the expression of some genes in normal differentiation of epidermal cells and hair follicles. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of vitamin D in patients with hair loss compared with healthy controls. From 2014 to 2015, 70 patients were enrolled in this case-control study. Including 40 women and 30 men, the mean age was 31.2 ± 0.82 years in the case group, 33.8 ± 0.92 years in the control group. Groups were matched by sex, age and season of review. In the both groups, there were 20 women (57.1%) and 15 men (42.5%). After the clinical diagno-sis of hair loss by the physician, patient's blood samples were sent for testing vitamin D levels by kits of a laboratory center. Patients, compared with controls, had lower levels of vitamin D and there was signifi-cant relationship between hair loss and low levels of vitamin D (16.188±6.91 vs 20.37±7.47, and P=0.04). Female patients had lower levels of vitamin D, compared with controls and there was significant relationship between hair loss and low levels of vitamin D (14.14±5.8 vs 18.74±7.08 and P=0.03). The group of male patients had lower levels of vitamin D, but in comparison with the control group, no significant relationship was found. This study showed that, there is a relationship between vitamin D levels and hair loss in women.

Introduction & Alopecia areata is the most common skin disease that presents as areas without hair and may affect any hair bearing area of body. Different reports about ocular alterations in patients with alopecia areata are presented. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ocular alterations in patients with this disease. In this descriptive - analytic study, 251 patients with alopecia areata were studied. Patients data including age, sex, age of disease onset,first site of involvment, disease duration, number of relapses,family history of atopy, and disease severity were recorded. Eye examination by an eye specialist was performed in all patients, and results were recorded. Findings were analyzed with SPSS 16 software, and using one way ANOVA and? 2 statisti-cal tests. The mean age of patients in this study was 24.86 ± 5.92 years. Of the 251 patients, 200 (79.9%) had no ocular alterations and 51 (20.1%) showed visual alterations. Most of ocular alterations observed in this study were pigmentary changes of retina seen in 20 patients (8%). There was no significant correlation between disease severity and ocular changes. The results showed that ocular alterations were seen in some of patients with alopecia areata and not correlated with disease severity, mean patient age, patient gender, family history of atopy and allergy, the mean age of disease onset, mean number of relapses, and first site of involvment. (Sci J Hamadan Univ Med Sci 2014; 21 (3): 225-230)