لیلا طاهری

This study has been conducted with the aim of providing a local model of increasing market share in Iranian dairy industries with a qualitative approach. The present research is considered to be a qualitative research method in terms of its purpose, applied research type, and in terms of data collection method. The statistical population includes 12 experts, including professors of Islamic Azad University in marketing fields, including marketing managers in dairy companies who are familiar with market share issues. The sample size was determined based on reaching theoretical saturation in the interviews. The main tool of data collection in the field section includes semi-structured interviews. Data base theory approach using MAXQDA software was used to analyze qualitative data and provide a paradigm model. Based on the results of the qualitative analysis of six categories of factors including causal conditions (internal marketing, product life cycle management, market attractiveness, marketing mix, competitive strategy and planning and targeting), background factors (characteristics of customers, competitive environment and market turbulence), central phenomenon (market share development strategy), strategies and measures (market share management, sales promotion, advertising, competition, special brand value and market segmentation), intervening factors (risk management and sustainable competitive advantage) and The consequences (establishment of brand position, profitability, bargaining power and increase in market share) were identified. As a result, the paradigmatic model of the native pattern of increasing the market share in Iran's dairy industries has been fully drawn with a qualitative approach according to six conditions (contextual, causal, intervening, central phenomenon, strategies and actions, and consequences).

Spiritual health is a crucial aspect of health. Spiritual health is an internal and satisfying feeling combined with constructive communication with oneself and others. It is a transcendental existence in the specific cultural framework of each society, which makes life and death meaningful. Paying attention to spiritual health can improve nursing care by nurses. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate spiritual health and its related factors in Iranian nurses and nursing students.

The present study was a systematic review (2022) that was conducted by searching for articles on the Web of Science, Science Direct, Scientific Information Database (SID), Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases without a time limit. The keywords were “spiritual wellbeing”, “spiritual health”, “spirituality”, “nurse”, “related factors”, and “Iran” in Persian and English sources. The articles on spiritual health and its components of quantitative study that were performed on Iranian nurses and nursing students were examined.

In 48 studies, the level of spiritual health of nurses and nursing students was moderate (In the range of 20-120). Spiritual health in the religious dimension was more than the existential dimension. Several factors, such as demographic variables, job, education, job satisfaction, spiritual care, and so on improve the level of spiritual health, and reducing factors, such as stress, anxiety, and depression improves the level of spiritual health of nurses.

Paying attention to factors, such as age, gender, marriage, educational status, job conditions, level of satisfaction, personal characteristics and psychological conditions can lead to change in spiritual health.

Given the importance of attitude of students and its impact on their academic success or failure and with regard to the fact that attitude toward discipline is one of the factors affecting the academic status of students, this study aimed to determine the attitude of students toward their discipline and its association with academic failure. This descriptive and analytical research was performed on 313 students selected via simple sampling. Data analysis was performed using Chi-square, independent t-test, ANOVA, and linear regression. In addition, P-value of 0.05 was considered. In this study, there was a significant relationship between GPA and year of receiving a diploma (P<0.05). In addition, the difference of attitude between various disciplines was significant, in a way that the most positive attitude was toward medical sciences and dentistry while the most negative attitude was related to health (P<0.001). On the other hand, there was an association between paternal level of education and units passed (P=0.03). Overall, some factors of academic failure had a relationship with the total score of attitude, in a way that the more positive the attitude, the less the academic failure (r=-0.33, P<0.001). According to the results of the study, the most positive attitude was related to the disciplines of medical sciences and dentistry, whereas the most negative attitude was toward the field of health. In this regard, there was a significant association between attitude and some factors of academic failure. Therefore, it is necessary to design and implement programs to improve the attitude of students toward their discipline and factors involved in academic success.

Patients referred to emergency departments need immediate medical proceedings by personnel of the emergency department. Time managing is vital to present medical service and its failure can endanger patients' lives. This study aimed to determine time indices and its related factors in the emergency department of selected hospitals of Qom University of Medical Sciences. In this descriptive-analytic study, 250 patients who referred to the emergency department were selected by convenience sampling. The tool for collecting data was the revised form of "time indices and workflow of emergency services" and chronometer. Data were analyzed by SPSS Ver. 23 non-parametric tests including Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis. Patient’s entry time to triage was 7/2±13/2 minutes, time of triage to doctor's visit was 21/3±37/8 minutes, time of physician’s visit to decision making was 28/9±40/5 hours, time of decision making till departure was 8±60/5 hours, and total time of arrival at and departure from the department was 15/4±17/07 hours. There were significant differences between the mean of the studied time in terms of marital status, severity of illness and cause of illness (p <0.05), so that the highest mean of total arrival time till departure was in married patients, and patients with urgent and internal causes. Observing time indices in emergency departments of hospitals requires time management of the authorities. Achieving an international standard requires to reform the policies, principles and hospital management executive processes. Policy-making should be based on organizing therapeutic measures, preventing congestion and preventing from its adverse effects on patient care.

Patient safety observance is one of the most important components of care provision quality and nurses are the most effective groups of human resources to provide the services. One of the most important factors of nurses' efficiency is their workload. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between nurses’ workload and patient safety condition in emergency departments of Qom University of Medical Sciences Hospitals in 2017. This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted by the participation of 150 nurses and 300 patients who were selected through using non-random sampling method. The NASA-TLX workload questionnaire and the safety observation questionnaire of emergency patients were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software and statistical tests (independent T-test, ANOVA, Pearson and linear regression). The significance level in all tests was considered as p<0.05. Nurses' workload mean was 63.99±13/87 that was high and the mean of patient safety observance was 32.64±5/19 that was moderate. The correlation between nursing workload and patient safety observance was reversed and significant (p<0/05). In the evening shift, patient safety observance was higher. There was a significant relationship between marital status and the number of children of nurses with patient safety observance (p<0/05). The age of the patient had a significant and reversed relationship with patient safety observance (p<0/001). Increasing the emergency nurses’ workload reduces patient safety observance in these departments. To improve the condition of patient safety observance, measures such as proper planning of the workforce in the emergency department by managers should be taken to reduce the nurses’ workload.

Maintain a normal heart rate in newborns in intensive care unit is an important goal in neonatal care. Non-pharmaceutical interventions in this area are important. The current study was conducted aimed to determine the effect of Quran and lullaby on heart rate changes of hospitalized neonates in NICU. The current clinical trial study was done on 78 hospitalized newborns in neonatal intensive care unit in one of the hospitals in Jahrom in 2013-2014. Newborns were selected through convenience sampling and then were randomly allocated to three groups، Quran، Lullaby and control groups. The newborne in two intervention groups listened to lullaby or Quran via headphones during 3 days and daily for 20 minutes and in control group، headphone was laid without voice for newborns. The heart rate of newborns was recorded immediately before the interventuion، 10 and 20 minutes after the starting the intervention and finally 20 minutes after the completion of it. Data were analyzed through SPSS 19 using Greenhouse - Geisser test، ANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA. The mean of heart rate of neonates in lullaby group، Quran and control groups before the intervention was respectively 135. 7 ± 6. 15، 140. 56 ± 14. 97 and 132. 21 ± 25. 21 that the difference between them was not statistically significant، but the mean change of their heart rate was significantly lower in twentieth minute in the second day in lullaby group (126. 67 ± 11. 22) in compare with control group (134. 31±18. 31) and Quran group (138. 81 ± 19. 12) (P = 0. 016). With attention to the effect of lullaby in the second day on decreas the heart rate changes، this method can be used in the neonatal intensive care unit. Also، according to the healing effects of Quran، more research in this area is recommended.

Nurses are the biggest service providers group in the health system and cast a significant impact on the quality of health– therapeutic care and their complying with ethical norms will be an effective factor to improve their performance in providing patient care. So, this study was carried out with the aim of determining the factors associated with facilitating professional ethics compliance from the perspective of nurses. This study was a cross-sectional study and was conducted in a census way in 2011 involving 120 nurses working in hospitals affiliated with Jahrom University of Medical Sciences. The data collection tool was a researcher-made 17-question questionnaire which studied facilitating factors of professional ethics compliance in two levels, individual and patients. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was approved. Data analysis was performed using 19 SPSS software and statistical tests and chi-square and correlation coefficient. From the perspective of nurses, the most important factor facilitating professional ethics in the individual dimension is related to the ability of critical thinking and the ability to make correct decisions in challenging moral situations (64/2%) and in the patient level it is associated with patients’ proper conduct in communication with nursing staff (41/7%). Furthermore, a significant discrepancy was found between sexuality and factors related to the patient dimension (p =0/01). Factors related to facilitate professional ethics compliance were identified and prioritized on the basis of nurses’ perspective. Therefore, based on the effectiveness of each of the studied factors that affect compliance with professional ethics, it is proposed that a consistent planning be performed in order to better adherence to professional ethics in the health care system.

Establishing an effective communication with patients is an essential aspect of nursing care. However, most of studies described the nurse-patient relationship as weak. Recognition of barriers in nurse-patient’s effective communication from their viewpoint could facilitate the actions need to be taken for removing such barriers. The study aimed to assess barriers of nurse-patient’s effective communication from nurse's viewpoints. Methods and Materials: This descriptive study was undertaken in 2013, with a sample of 100 nurses drawn from two educational hospitals in jahrom. They were selected by random sampling. Data were gathered through a questionnaire with 30 questions for nurses on a 5-point Likert rating scale.It asses's four aspects of communication barriers including (job characteristics, socio-demographic factors, clinical condition of patient and environmental factor). Data were analyzed using SPSS19 software, descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (kolmograph nonparametric test, Mann-Whitney and Spearman correlation test). The results of this study showed that the greatest barriers of Nurse - Patient communication related to Occupational characteristics of nurses with an average score of 78/24± 9/80. Environmental factors, socio-demographic factors and clinical conditions of the patients, respectively, were communication barriers that nurses have more emphasis on it. In this study, found a statistically significant correlation between mean scores of communication barriers with age and working hours of nurses. Nurses also perceived as major barriers to communication have been identified in relation to the characteristics of their job. Thus health manager should put their attempts on eliminating or modifying the most important barriers announced by nurses.