فهرست مطالب مجتبی درفشان

The present study aims to identify the requirements of passive defense in national communications network against cyber threats, and the researcher seeks to answer this question that what requirements of passive defense in national communications network against cyber threats are. The research hypothesis is that requirements of passive defense in national communications network against cyber threats include hardware and software necessities. This is an applied research, and its method is descriptive-analytic. Data were collected using researcher-made questionnaire and field and library studies. The study population included managers, specialists and experts who are familiar with national communication network, cyber threats, principles and fundamentals of passive defense and their level of education is higher than master’s degree and they have a minimum of 10 years of related work experience. Sample size was estimated 100 using complete enumeration method. Research results indicate that hardware requirements of national communication network with passive defense approach in dealing with related cyber threats include use of indigenous equipment, such as local infrastructures, indigenous information storage, equipment for indigenous sending and receiving and hardware requirements, and use of indigenous software such as software for sending and receiving information and files, antiviruses and firewalls.

Today, in the age of communication and information, the spread of the internet and the ease of access to it, makes the cyberspace as one of the most important channels of information exchange at the community level.The widespread use of the Internet had a variety of consequences on individual and group identities, as well as people's attitudes and beliefs, And provides many opportunities for learning, transferring of beliefs and changing the trends of communication from vertical to horizontal.This vast ocean of information, affects the human life in all dimensions, including the political dimension. This study seeks to answer the question that; "What is the role of cyberspace information in the political participation of citizens?" this Descriptive- analytic study,by collecting the data through the library method, tries to answer the research question.The findings suggest that the use of cyberspace has significant impacts on the two main components of political participation of the citizens, namely political culture and political socialization. And if the government system make a proper use of this capacity, it would exploit it in order to increase the active political participation of citizens. And if the government system neglect the opportunity, the opponents could make use of cyberspace information capacity, and consequently use it a tool to motivate citizens to have passive participation or even participate in the protests.

In the recent decades the West Asian countries have faced with complicated military and security challenges. The United States and its allies followed their interests and strategies in West Asia in different ways. Destabilize the security environment surrounding Israel is one of the most important U.S goals in this region. The U.S and the West's strategy to generate internal crisis and instability in Syria, began in 1390, in accordance with changes in the West Asia for influencing the resistance groups. And in this regard, countries such as Turkey, Qatar and Saudi Arabia accompanied the U.S and the West in intervention in Syria, and provided the Syrian opposition with weapons and financial support. This study was an attempt to examine the role of Turkey in the Syrian crisis on the basis of the offensive realism theory, and hypothesized that The continuation of this role, in addition to the impact on bilateral relations, between Turkey and Iran, threaten Iran's national security, including the Islamic Resistance, influence and regional power, strategic depth and military security of the Islamic Republic of Iran .The research is conducted using descriptive-analytic and library collection techniques. By Bringing up the Syrian crisis's internal and external factors, Turkey weaponry and educational aid to the Syrian opposition, and Iran and Turkey foreign policies, the stud analyzed the effects of this crisis on Iranian foreign national security.