مجید دهمرده

Animal husbandry, as one of the important sub-sectors of the agricultural sector, requires the formulation of a strategic plan at the regional level. The purpose of the research is the necessity of scientific planning for the improvement and development of livestock production, in line with the optimal use of the existing capabilities and capacities of Sistan region. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, Data analysis was done in the descriptive statistics section in Excel software, and then multi-indicator decision making technique and gray method were used to estimate other results. The results of the study showed that the index of reducing the vulnerability caused by natural disasters through capacity building and water resources management has the greatest effect in determining the index of the vision, goals and strategies of sustainable development of the industry. The index of preventing severe market fluctuations has the most effective variable to improve the capacity of the existing economic activities of the industry. In addition, the results showed that in order to meet the energy and protein needs of this livestock population, about 1288274 tons of dry matter, 171666 tons of raw protein and 2430870955 megacalories of metabolizable energy are needed, and about 209 thousand tons of dry matter (33% protein and 1.41% energy) are needed annually. Metabolizable) is deficient.Based on the type of strategy obtained, Zahak and Hamon cities should include aggressive strategy, Hirmand and Nimroz cities, change direction strategy, and Zabul city should include diversity strategy in the work plan.

Water shortage is one of the major problems of most countries in the world, especially countries with a growing population. The only solution to this crisis is the optimal use and increasing the productivity of water resources in various sectors, especially the agricultural sector. Therefore, it seems necessary to plan for optimal use of resources and economic allocation of this scarce factor among different uses. Multi-Stage Interval Programming (MSIP) method consists of the combination of dynamic and interval programming in the framework of stochastic optimization. The dynamics of the model, the application of a predefined policy during the optimization process, and the use of interval parameters and probabilities under the uncertainty conditions are among the advantages of this technique. Multi-Stage Interval Stochastic Programming (MSISP) is the application of interval parameters under the uncertainty conditions and considering the farmer's profit and loss during water supply or shortage. Also, the mentioned model presents the values ​​of water shortage during the programming period and gives farmers the opportunity to plan to face the water crisis. In fact, this model is a model between the primary goals of exploitation and economic goals. Since the water supply for the region over time is a random variable, using the simulation method and the use of random numbers for different years, water supply was simulated 100 times randomly. These numbers were taken into account by considering an interval using the maximum and minimum of the past data and their standard deviation. It is worth mentioning that the 100 random selections of the amount of supply for the low water flow state were selected from dry years and for the other two states from normal and wet years, respectively. In general, since water is very important in dry areas, especially in the Sistan region of Iran, and water-saving in consumption and most importantly, the efficiency of water consumption is one of the main priorities, any research leading to an increase in the water-productivity and water-saving in the use of this valuable input will help the region.

Wetland services include recreational use, harvested meat (as direct consumption values) and carbon sequestration, oxygen production, water conservation and soil conservation (as indirect consumption values). In addition to use values, wetlands have other values; these values are the sums that individuals are willing to pay to protect wetlands for future use, for future generations to enjoy them, and for their mere existence. In this paper, the value of goods and services of Hamoon Wetland ecosystem in Sistan region in the form of information functions (recreational and protective values) in 2019 has been estimated. The information needed to estimate the value of these functions was collected using a questionnaire. Recreational and conservation values of Hamoon wetland as the recreational value of forest ecosystem of Hamoon wetland, was collected by collecting information from 350 people randomly in the villages around the wetland and the conditional valuation method. Based on the obtained results, the value of recreational and protective functions of Hamoon Wetland was estimated at 629.82 million Rials and 644.2 billion Rials, respectively. In case of collecting fees from visitors in order to use the recreational function of the wetland and its cost to maintain the wetland, it is possible to develop and preserve its existing values.

In this study the profitability of male Sistani calf fattening has been investigated in two industrial and traditional systems by estimating financial and economic characteristics. Sample selection was randomly classified and the questionnaire was completed from 16 industrial and 33 traditional Fattening. Criteria for net present value, internal rate of return, cost-benefit ratio, and sensitivity analysis were calculated for these activities. The results of economic analysis of fattening two cows in traditional conditions showed that the ratio of profit to cost of 1.74, Rials, internal rate of return is 96% and the net present value is also positive, which indicates the economic justification of this activity. Sensitivity analysis of this activity showed that if current expenditures increase by 50%, the ratio of interest to expenditure greater than one, the internal rate of return is higher than the bank interest rate, and the current value of interest is also positive. Also, the results of fattening four cows in traditional conditions showed that this activity has a high economic justification. So that the ratio of profit to cost of 1.75, Rials, internal rate of return is 75% and the net present value is also positive. Sensitivity analysis of this activity showed that if current expenditures increase by 50%, the ratio of interest to expenditure greater than one, the internal rate of return is higher than the bank interest rate, and the current value of interest is also positive. Sensitivity analysis showed that if current expenditures are reduced to 139%,

Rural entrepreneurship is a strategy for empowerment and capacity building of villagers and an important tool in achieving sustainable rural development that prevents migration and stabilizes the rural population. The aim of this study was to analyze the barriers to rural entrepreneurship in Zabol city. The statistical population of this study includes rural households in the central part of Zabol city. The research tool is a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed based on the opinions of university professors and its reliability was obtained using Cronbach's coefficient of 0.823. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 24 and exploratory factor analysis method, development barriers, technical barriers, social barriers and instrumental barriers, which are 56 explained the percentage of total variance. The most effective barriers are weakness in the marketing network (with an average of 4.82), investment insecurity in the area (with an average of 4.74), distance from the center of attention (with an average of 4.49), overhead costs due to the large dimension Distance to supply raw materials (with an average of 4.47), distance from the main markets (with an average of 4.18), lack of production infrastructure (with an average of 4.13) and weakness of educational centers in the development of science and technology (with an average of 4.08). Therefore, in order to use the existing capacities, with the help of universities and scientific elites of the region, it is possible to meet the scientific and educational needs in the field of entrepreneurship related to the region's businesses.

One of the important goals of all organizations is to try to improve their performance. In this regard, they try to evaluate their organization based on criteria that are common or specific and to measure and compare their performance with other organizations and rivals in order to be able to achieve organizational goals. Considering the importance of the endowment institution in pursuit of economic and social goals, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the efficiency of endowments in Zahedan. In this study, the DEA method is used in the CC method, which is the leading evaluation of performance in various fields for manufacturing and service units. In the findings, it was observed that some of the rivals are more efficient than other competing ones. Out of 110 tested rods, the No. 34 Taleghani mosque, 72, 73 and 76 mosques belonging to the Al-Rasool mosque and the 92 and 94 mosques of Sajjadiyeh mosque in this collection have a 100% efficiency. Other rivals are inefficient.

Wetlands play an important role in the prosperity of society in developing countries through the provision of goods and services that are used directly or indirectly, and therefore they are valuable. In this article, the value of carbon sequestration, oxygen production, water conservation and soil conservation were estimated to assess the economic losses caused by drought. the information needed to estimate the value of the production and regulation functions were obtained from Environmental protection organizations, The Forest Service, Rangeland and Watershed and previous studies, in the year of 2015. The production and regulation functions were estimated by using the market valuation method, alternative cost and shadow price.
The results show that the functions of regulating gas (carbon absorption and oxygen production) are 86920, Conserving soil and water conservation is 174004/31, 1629163/63 $. and the total value of the regulatory functions of Hamoon wetland is 165/071 billion. Estimated values for Hamoon wetland ecosystems have two major applications: first, in cost-benefit analysis, gaining economic support for the protection of Hamoon wetland and can be used to determine the number of damages and destruction of wetlands caused by drought. Second, the estimated value can be used in the production of the gross domestic product.

An important factor that limits water market operation in Iran is division of land and water markets that is lack of distinction between water and land ownership. In this situation due to lack of price signals from competitive market, the economic value of water permits could not identified. In this paper, we try to develop a model that could determine the implicit value of water permits based on hedonic price framework in Pashkola region of Mazendaran province. The results showed that water permit value equals 20-27 percent of total economic value of land parcels. Therefore, considering the average value of one hectare of land in this region, the economic value of water permits was estimated 35-46 million Rials per hectare

The objective of this study was to investigate the poverty determinants and welfare changes among rural households of Sistan district (Zabol township) over 1376-1383period. To achieve the objective of study, data from Household Expenditure Survey was applied. Total net per capita expenditure of households was regarded as welfare criterion in poverty determinants investigation.Household head characteristics, age combination of the children and squared household size were applied as poverty determinants. The results showed that the age of household head, age combination of children and squared household size were among the determinants of poverty in rural Zabol. The findings revealed that the share of poorpopulation decreased from over 60 percent in 1376 to about 33 percent in 1383. Investigation of welfare changes also showed a tendency of expenditure toward goodswith lower necessity. A yearly growth of 2.21 percent was also found for per capita net expenditure