فهرست مطالب محبوبه والیانی

Abortion has long been a complex and challenging issue in many societies. Abortion refers to the spontaneous or induced termination of a pregnancy before the fetus reaches a stage of viability. Women’s decisions regarding legal abortion are influenced by a range of factors, including their husbands, families, societies, cultures, and religious beliefs, which encompass various dimensions. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the ethical aspects of legal abortion from the perspective of pregnant women attending Iran’s forensic medicine center.

This descriptive-analytical and cross sectional study was conducted in 2019. The research samples included pregnant women referring to the forensic medicine of Isfahan city to obtain a legal abortion license. A total of 229 participants were selected using convenience sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-developed questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods in the SPSS software.

In the present study, the highest and lowest mean scores of ethical aspects of legal abortion belonged to autonomy (36.20±3.01) and justice (17.24±2.45) respectively. The mean scores of ethical aspects of legal abortion did not show significant differences between women with wanted and unwanted pregnancies (P<0.05).

Women’s autonomy in doing a legal abortion had the highest score, while justice in legal abortion had the lowest score. Given the fact that a great percent of mothers agreed that their spouses should support their decisions, it is necessary to examine factors such as the role of spouses, family, doctors, and society in this regard. Determining the ethical aspects (positive or negative) of legal abortion and mothers’ viewpoint in this regard can hopefully lead to the design of an appropriate program to improve the conditions governing legal abortion.

Poor sleep quality during pregnancy could lead to adverse outcomes for the mother and fetus. Therefore, this study aimed to employ auriculotherapy to improve sleep quality in pregnant women and enhance pregnancy outcomes.

The present study was a one-blind randomized clinical trial carried out on 99 pregnant women (49 in the intervention group and 50 in the control group) with sleep disorders who were referred to the health center of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The intervention group underwent auriculotherapy for four weeks. In the control group, the ear seeds were placed on different points without pressure was applied on these points. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire was completed for both groups before and 2 and 4 weeks after the intervention. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software using paired t-test and ANOVA. P<0.05 was considered significant.

The results showed that sleep quality scores in the control group were not significantly different between the three times (P<0.05). In the intervention group compared to the control, sleep quality scores improved significantly two and four weeks after the intervention (P<0.05).

Based on our findings, auriculotherapy can be used as an uncomplicated and effective method instead of harmful drug treatments to improve the sleep quality of pregnant women.

Establishing effective communication and forming a strong attachment with a newborn baby are crucial tasks during the postpartum period. The bond between mother and baby has a profound impact on the child's well-being, as well as the mother's health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of auriculotherapy on the mother-infant attachment.

Methods & Materials: 

This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted between March 2021 and September 2022 on a sample of 106 pregnant women who referred to the maternity ward of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Isfahan for normal vaginal delivery. The participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group, which received auriculotherapy in addition to routine care, or the control group, which received only routine care. Auriculotherapy involved the stimulation of specific acupuncture points including oxytocin, uterus, Shen Men, thalamic, lung 1, and lung 2. Data collection was carried out using a checklist of demographic characteristics and the Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26, employing independent t-test, paired t-test, exact Fisher's test, and chi-square test. A significance level of P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The results showed that there was no statistically significant differences observed in demographic variables between the intervention and control groups (P>0.05). However, the mean score of attachment after delivery in the auriculotherapy group was significantly higher compared to the control group (P=0.004).

Based on the findings of this study, it has been determined that auriculotherapy exhibits the potential to enhance maternal attachment to the baby. Given its ease of use and non-invasive nature, it is strongly recommended to consider incorporating auriculotherapy as an intervention to improve mother-baby attachment during the postpartum period.

Stress, anxiety, and depression during pregnancy have adverse effects on both mother and baby. Stress and anxiety have been reported as high-risk factors for preeclampsia. Relaxation exercises can reduce the adverse effects of high-risk pregnancies in mothers prone to preeclampsia and improve pregnancy outcomes.

This clinical trial study was conducted on 100 high-risk pregnant women referring to healthcare centers in Isfahan, Iran. The samples were randomly divided into experimental (n=46) and control (n=50) groups. Relaxation in was performed the experimental group in 16 sessions. Mean scores of stress, anxiety, and depression were measured and recorded using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 Items Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by statistical tests in SPSS 16 software.

The mean scores of stress, anxiety, and depression were obtained at 6.80, 4.49, and 5.98 in the experimental group, respectively, and 1.20, 0.94, and 1.03 in the control group, respectively. The results showed that the mean scores of stress and anxiety were significantly lower after the intervention in the test group than in the control group (P<0.05). However, the mean score of depression was not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). No Neonatal significant difference was observed between the two groups in the physiological indices, including mean 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores, weight, height, and head circumference (P>0.05).

Based on the results of this study, relaxation reduced the level of anxiety and stress among high-risk pregnant mothers. Therefore, the implementation of this technique during pregnancy is recommended for high-risk pregnant women prone to preeclampsia.

Most patients experience anxiety during the Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL). One of the on-pharmacological ways to control anxiety in patients with ESWL is acupressure. This study aims to determine the effect of acupressure on anxiety in older women candidates for ESWL

This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 66 eligible older women candidates for ESWL referred to Ordibehesht Surgical Center in Isfahan, Iran in 2021. They were selected by a continuous sampling method and assigned to the intervention and control groups by the block randomization method. The intervention group received acupressure for 20 minutes, while in the control group, the acupoints were only touched (without applying pressure). Data collection tools were the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Visual Anxiety Scale, completed 60 minutes before and immediately after the intervention. T-test, chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the data.

The two groups were similar in terms of demographic variables. Before the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in anxiety (P> 0.05). After the intervention, the mean severity of anxiety was 3.70±0.77 in the experimental group and 7.36±0.55 in the control group. The mean post-test quality of anxiety was 35.48±5.97 in the intervention group and 61.39±2.42 in the control group. These differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.001).

Acupressure is a safe and non-pharmacological intervention that can reduce the anxiety of older women candidates for ESWL.

One of the risk factors for low Apgar score at birth is duration of labor and its increase. Todays, various pharmachological and non-pharmachological methods are used to reduce labor pain and also the duration of labor. One of these effective methods is reflexology (hand message on feet) during labor which reduces labor pain. Therefore, this study was performed with aim to evaluate the effectiveness of this method on duration of labor and neonatal Apgar score and compare it with the routine care of hospital.

This quasi-experimental randomized controlled clinical trial study was performed in 2009-2010 on 88 pregnant women referred to Shahid Beheshti and Asgariyeh hospitals in Isfahan for vaginal delivery. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (reflexology) and control (routine care). Data collection tool was a questionnaire consisting of two parts of personal characteristics (age, place of residence, occupation, education level) and gestational age and the second part was related to duration of labor and delivery outcome (first and fifth minute Apgar score). Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 18) and Chi-square and variance analysis tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Mean first and fifth minutes Apgar scores after birth was not statistically significant between the two groups (P<0.001). The length of active phase of labor was significantly different between the two groups. In the reflexology group, the length of active phase of labor was shorter than this time in routine care group, but this difference was not significant during the second (p=0.29) and third stages (p=0.27)

Foot reflexology directly reduce the labor duration and labor pain which is effective in contribute to shorten the prevalence of asphyxia and improving the Apgar score.

The most common cause of death and mortality of infants is preterm labor. The identification of factors associated with preterm labor will reduce preterm infant mortality. This study aimed to determine the relationship between preterm delivery and oral, kidney and urinary tracts infections in pregnant women

This was a case-control study that carried on the 198 pregnant women (66 pregnant women with premature labor as case group and 132 pregnant women with term delivery as control group) in selected hospitals in Isfahan, Iran, in 2018. For data collection we used demographic and fertility questionnaire, and the Holbrook standard checklist. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t–test, chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Fisher’s exact test, logistic regression.

The results showed that there was no significant relationship between preterm labor and kidney, urinary tracts infections (p=0.626). While the logistic regression showed significant association between the onset of uterine contractions (preterm birth) and of the mouth and teeth infections (p=0.012)

The findings suggest that there is relationship between preterm deliveries and oral infections. Therefore, it is recommended that preventive necessary measures be taken or treat oral infections faster in women before and during pregnancy.

Trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection which is associated with several complications. Propolis is a bee product and contains tanen, flavonoids and volatile oils, so it has antiprasitic activity. This study was performed with aim to compare the effect of propolis gel and metronidazole tablet on dyspareunia.

This clinical trial study was conducted in 2019 on 102 non-pregnant married women with complains of Trichomoniasis clinical symptoms referred to the gynecology clinics in Isfahan. They were divided into two groups of experiment (propolis gel) and control (metronidazole tablet). Participants were treated for 7 days. Dyspareunia was assessed using the visual pain scale (VAS) with a range of 0-10. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 20) and independent T-test, fisher exact test, ANCOVA and Chi-square tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

During all steps of the study, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in type and mean severity of pain. However, after adjustment of dyspareunia pre-intervention and 2 weeks after the intervention, the score of dyspareunia in the experiment group was 0.882 lower than the control group; this difference was statistically significant (P=0.009). In the experiment group, all of participants with post coital bleeding/spotting were completely treated, while no improvement was observed in the control group.

Vaginal gel containing propolis extract has positive therapeutic effect on dyspareunia. It has least effect on the vaginal epithelium, without GI and neurologic side effects.

Episiotomy is the most common incision in midwifery to increase the diameter of pelvic outlet. Anzaroot contain flavonoid, saponin, tryptophanes, tannins and other polyphenolic compounds. So it has analgesic properties. This study was performed with aim to determine the effect of Astragalus fasciculifolius (Anzaroot) gel on episiotomy pain severity in primiparous mothers.

This three-blind clinical trial study was conducted on 72 primiparous women referred to Shahid beheshti hospital in Isfahan in 2019. They were randomly divided into two equal groups of experiment (Anzaroot) and control (Placebo gel). Severity of pain was assessed using the visual pain scale (VAS). Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 16) and Independent Samples T Test, covariance analysis and repeated Measures analysis. P˂0.05 was considered statistically significant.

There was no significant difference between two groups in demographic features and obstetric variables (P˃0.05). Before the intervention, no significant difference was observed between two groups in the severity of pain (P=0.16(. After the intervention, severity of pain in the experiment group was significantly less than the control group (p < 0.05).

Anzaroot gel is more effective than placebo in relieving of episiotomy pain.

Constipation is one of the most prevalent digestive problems in hemodialysis patients that threatens their life due to hyperkalemia. Acupressure could be helpful in this condition. This study aimed at investigating the effect of auriculotherapy on severity of constipation in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

A single-blind clinical trial was conducted in hemodialysis patients (n=70) experiencing constipation in Isfahan, Iran 2017. The samples were randomly assigned into either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group underwent auriculotherapy using vaccaria seeds in five points for one month. Data were collected using Constipation Assessment Scale before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention and analyzed in SPSS V18 applying independent t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, analysis of covariance, and Chi-square test.

Significant differences were seen in severity of constipation between the intervention group and control group at all times (P<0.05). Also, the mean decrease in the score for constipation severity in intervention group was significantly higher immediately after and one month after the intervention than the control group (P<0.05).

Auriculotherapy in constipation points; rectum, large intestine, shenmen, and kidney reduces the severity of constipation in hemodialysis patients. This method is recommended to reduce constipation severity in these patients.

The body’s strategy for coping with pain and stress in the delivery process is the secretion of opioid peptides, including β-endorphins. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors related to the concentration of umbilical cord blood β -endorphins in newborns born of primiparous women. In this descriptive study, 80 umbilical cord blood samples from neonates of primipara pregnant women were collected in 2 groups of 40 eligible elective cesarean section and normal delivery with gestational age of 38 to 42 weeks, single and low risk, 1 to 2 minutes postpartum, and β-endorphin concentration. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was measured using ELISA kit. Data was analyzed by T-test, Chi-square, Analysis of variance and regression using SPSS 18 software. The mean of cord blood β-endorphins in normal delivery and cesarean section was 38±27.47 and 11.11±19.59 ng/l, respectively. There was a significant difference between the results of the two groups (P=0.03). Exercise during pregnancy was related to β-endorphin secretion (P<0.05), while gestational age, pain reduction methods, duration of the first and second stages of labor, duration of the infusion, and weight of the newborn did not affect β endorphin secretion. Natural delivery can provide the normal function of the body for the mother, fetus and baby and on the other hand, control the risk factors of the mother and the baby and promote maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Postpartum depression is a serious and persistent psychological disorder that sometimes causes disability in the daily functioning and activity of the individual. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of depression in both normal and selective delivery cesarean groups and their neonatal outcomes. The present study was a two-stage, descriptive-analytic study. A simple random sampling was available with satisfaction from 80 pregnant nursing mothers, single term pregnancies, without history of drug use and history of chronic disease and complications of pregnancy. Demographic questionnaire and standard Beck questionnaire were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed at the significant level of p <0.05 using SPSS software version 20. The mean depression score in the selected cesarean section (8.09) was higher than the normal delivery group (7.70). This difference was not significant significantly. No significant relationship was found between demographic characteristics and depression. There was a significant relationship between mean depression score and physical activity during pregnancy (p <0.05). Although the mean postpartum depression in the two groups did not differ significantly, the high mean depression score in our cesarean section led us to physical exercises, giving the mother the opportunity to initiate spontaneous pain and normal delivery. We will also see improvement in fetal weights.

Two commonly used methods for inducing labor are vaginal misoprostol and venous oxytocin. The aim of this study was to determine the combined effect of vaginal misoprostol and intravenous oxytocin on induction of labor, Bishop score, and duration of delivery in primipara women. In this randomized controlled clinical trial study, 106 primipara pregnant women with preterm delivery indicating pregnancy termination and Bishop score of less than 4, were divided randomly into two equal groups. The test group first received 25 micrograms of vaginal misoprostol, and after three hours, 10 units of oxytocin for induction of labor. The control group received only one 10-unit oxytocin infusion. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire and checklist (information gathering form). Data analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney, chi-square, and independent t tests via SPSS software with a significant level of P < 0.05. Findings: The research units in the two groups were similar in terms of demographic indicators. Independent t test showed that the mean time of the onset of regular uterine contractions, the active phase duration, the duration of the first stage of labor, and the duration of induction to delivery in the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.050). Meanwhile, paired t test showed that after intervention, the mean baseline coefficient of Bishop score in both groups was significantly higher than before intervention (P < 0.001)

One of the risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage is the elongation of labor. Today, various pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical methods are used to reduce pain and duration of delivery. One of these effective methods is the use of auriculotherapy (ear stimulation) in labor that not only reduces maternal pain, but also shortens the delivery duration. The effective methods in reducing labor duration may also affect the complications of increased delivery duration. Regarding this, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of this method on maternal postpartum hemorrhage and vital signs, as well as neonatal Apgar score.

This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 84 pregnant women within the age range of 18-35 years referring to Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Isfahan, Iran, for delivery. The subjects were randomly assigned into two groups of intervention (auriculotherapy) and control (routine care). The data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of two parts, the first section of which covered demographic characteristics (i.e., age, place of residence, occupation, education level) and gestational age, and the second part was related to maternal postpartum hemorrhage and vital signs. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 16), using independent t-test and Chi-square test. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The mean neonatal fifth-minute Apgar score was higher in the auriculotherapy group than that in the control group (P=0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the auriculotherapy and control groups in terms of the rate of postpartum hemorrhage (P=0.51). Maternal respiratory rate (P=0.007) and postpartum temperature (P=0.021) showed significant changes in both groups. The results indicated that maternal vital signs in the intervention group were closer to normal conditions after delivery.

In this study, auriculotherapy was used to stimulate the points of Shen Men, point zero, thalamic, endocrine, autonomic, cerebral, and sensorial points, specialized spots including three uterine points, anterior pituitary point, posterior pituitary (oxytocin), two prostaglandin points, and external genital points (perineum and vagina). This intervention resulted in the improvement of neonatal Apgar score and left no unpleasant complications for mothers

Investigations have shown that the emotional stress during the pregnancy period could have sustainable effects on the embryo .In High Risk Pregnant women the risk of babies with health, behavioral, and mood problems will be more. Different investigations have shown that the effect of relaxation training on emotional stress .This study was conducted to investigate the effect of progressive Muscle Relaxation Training on infant's outcome such as Apgar index, weight, height, head circumference, and jaundice in infants after delivery in High Risk pregnant women.
The present study was done as a clinical trial on 150 High Risk Pregnant Women referred to Health and Medical Center in the city of Shahreza on 1392 -1393. High risk pregnant women were randomly divided into two groups. The control group only received routine pregnancy care and case group received routine pregnancy care and Progressive Muscle Relaxation Training (Jacobsen). At the time of delivery, infant's outcome including Apgar index, weight and height, head circumference, and jaundice was assessed.
Findings: Intervention and control groups in terms of demographic and obstetric variables were not significant (P>0/05). The results showed a significant difference between the two groups in height, weight, and head circumference (pvalueDiscussion & According to this study, progressive muscle relaxation training is promoting and improving the health of infants in high-risk pregnant women. The progressive muscle relaxation training can be safe and beneficial to pregnant women in order to improve the health of infants.

Hirsutism, male-pattern hair growth, affects 5 to 10 percent of women of reproductive age. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the cause of hirsutism in 7.2-8.2 percent of cases. This study aimed to compare the effects of auriculotherapy and pharmacotherapy on hirsutism due to polycystic ovary syndrome in unmarried 18-35-years-old women.
This clinical trial study was conducted on 60 women, 18 to 35 years old, in two groups of auriculotherapy and pharmacotherapy comparing clinical, laboratory and ultrasound findings. Pharmacotherapy and auriculotherapy groups were treated for 3 and 2 months, respectively. Results were evaluated in three phases using SPSS15 software.
Findings: The mean scores of hirsutism before (P = 0.240), immediately after (P = 0.100) and three months after completion of the intervention (P = 0.075) were not significantly different between the two groups. There was no significant difference between the mean scores of hirsutism in the pharmacotherapy group at mentioned three times (P = 0.080). Comparing he results between the before and immediately after the intervention showed significant difference in auriculotherapy (P = 0.010); in pharmacotherapy group, this difference was not significant (P = 0.650). In comparison of immediately and three months after the intervention, in auriculotherapy group, the difference was not significant (P = 0.160); but, in the pharmacotherapy group, it was significantly different (P = 0.010).
According to the results, auriculotherapy compared to pharmacotherapy is more associated with significant decrease of hirsutism.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease, leading to progressive disability, reduces daily activity and function and emerges with a wide range of physical symptoms. This study was done to determine the effect of relaxation on the physical symptoms in women with Multiple Sclerosis.
In this clinical trial study, 50 patients with MS were randomly divided into relaxation and control groups. In the interventional group, Jacobson and Benson method was performed for 4 weeks, twice a week for 40 minutes and patients in the control group were received only care and routine medical treatment. Data was collected via fatigue severity scale (FSS), numerical rating scale (NRS) before, immediately after and two months after intervention.
The mean severity of fatigue score, before, immediately and two months after the intervention were not the same and time trends was effective on severity of fatigue score (P Relaxation technique is effective as a low-cost, safe and easy method to reduce fatigue and pain in patients with MS.

Infertility has extensive psychological effects on infertile couple''s mood and spirits and imposes a lot of stress on the man and woman involved. Relaxation is an effective technique for eliminating and balancing stress. The present study was therefore conducted to determine the effect of the stress reduction care process during the treatment period on infertile women''s satisfaction. The present controlled clinical trial was conducted on 76 infertile women aged 18 to 35 undergoing IVF or ICSI treatments. A sample of the women admitted to Isfahan Infertility Clinic for receiving infertility treatments were selected using a simple sampling technique and were then randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group (n=36 in both). Relaxation techniques were performed on the intervention group for 12 sessions. Participants filled out the standard Newton Infertility Stress Questionnaire before and after the study (before the pregnancy tests). After taking their pregnancy tests، both groups filled out a questionnaire evaluating their satisfaction with the stress reduction care process. Statistical tests showed the lack of significant differences in the personal characteristics associated with fertility between the intervention group and the control group. The Mann Whitney test showed that satisfaction with the stress reduction care process during the treatment period was significantly higher in the intervention group compared to in the control group (P=0. 001). Using relaxation as a technique for reducing stress has a positive effect on the satisfaction of women with this care process (even in the case of women with negative pregnancy tests)، which can then reduce the rate of leaving treatment in those receiving interventions when their pregnancy tests come out negative.

Restless leg syndrome is a sensory and motor neurologic disorder, which manifests as high tendency to move the legs. Its prevalence is high among the patients undergoing hemodialysis, and it increases the risk of mortality in these patients. Due to several side effects of medicational treatments, the patients prefer non-medicational methods. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of two methods of reflexology massage and stretching exercises on the severity of restless leg syndrome among patients undergoing hemodialysis. This is a clinical trial. Among the patients undergoing hemodialysis in selected hospitals in Isfahan, 90 qualified patients, diagnosed with restless leg syndrome through standard restless leg syndrome questionnaire, were randomly selected by random number table. They were assigned to reflexology massage, stretching exercises and control groups through random allocation. Reflexology massage and stretching exercises were conducted three times a week for 30-40 minutes for four straight weeks. Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA paired t-test and LSD post hoc test through SPSS 20. There was a significant difference in mean scores of restless leg syndrome severity between reflexology massage and stretching exercises groups, compared to control (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between two study groups (p<0.05). Changes mean score of restless leg syndrome severity was significantly higher in reflexology massage and stretching exercises groups, compared to control group (p<0.05), but it showed no significant difference between reflexology massage and stretching exercises groups (p>0.05). Our obtained results showed that reflexology massage and stretching exercises can reduce restless leg syndrome severity. These two methods of treatment are recommended to the patients.

Prenatal maternal anxiety has adverse effects on the mother and fetus and child. Use of anxiety-reducing techniques for pregnant mothers plays an important role in decreasing maternal and child Psychological problems. Relaxation exercise could be improve pregnancy outcome in High Risk pregnancy and High Risk Delivery. This study aimed to determine the effect of relaxation training on anxiety in High risk mothers. The present study was done as a clinical trial on 150 High Risk Pregnant Women 32-35week (75 subjects as relaxation group،75 subjects as control group) referred to Health and Medical Center in Shahreza city. Data were collected using personal data form and Spielberger anxiety Inventory questionnaire. In addition to routine pregnancy care، four 90minute sessions of relaxation active Jacobsen training courses were held during 4weeks (once a week). The control group only received routine pregnancy care. Anxiety score before the intervention and at the end of the intervention were analyzed in all two groups. Data analysis was done using Ttest، tabs analysis. In this study، the mean anxiety scores were not significantly different in the two groups before the intervention، but there was significant differences in relaxation group after the intervention (pvalu<0/001). There was a decrease in the mean anxiety score in relaxation group after the intervention whereas there was a slightly increase in the control group. The results of this study indicated that relaxation training could reduce anxiety in Pregnant High Risk Women.

In infertile women stress can reduce the chance of treatment success. So relieving their stress during the course of treatment is very important. This study aimed to investigate the effect of relaxation on the outcome of infertility treatment. This is a semi-experimental study. It was done on 76 infertile women between 18 to 35 years old under treatment with IVF or ICSI, referring to Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center. They were assigned into intervention and control groups by simple randomized sampling. Relaxation technique was performed for the intervention group in 12 sessions. Data was gathered by Newton`s infertility stress questionnaire before and after the intervention (before pregnancy test). Data was analyzed by spss16 using paired t-test, chi-square and mann-whitney tests. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in demographic – fertility characteristics in intervention and control groups. Chi-square test showed that the percentage of success (positive pregnancy test) was significantly higher in the intervention group (p=0.006). Relaxation technique can lead to increased success in outcome of pregnancy (positive pregnancy test) after IVF or ICSI.

Multiple sclerosis is a very complex and multi-faceted disease, without definitive treatment that often manifests with a variety of physical symptoms, therefore the present study aimed to determine the effects of Reflexology on fatigue and pain intensity in women with Multiple Sclerosis. This study is a single-blind randomized clinical trial that is done on 50 patients with multiple sclerosis referred to MS Clinic of Ayatollah Kashani Hospital (Isfahan, Iran). Participants were randomly assigned by minimization method into two groups: reflexology and control. In the experimental group, reflexology was performed within 4 weeks, twice a week for 40 minutes and the control group received medical treatment as directed by a physician. Data were collected through fatigue severity scale and numerical rating scale before, immediately after and two months after intervention in both groups. Data analysis was performed by Spss version 18 using descriptive and inferential statistic. Findings obtained from repeated measures analysis of variance showed that there was significant difference in terms of severity of fatigue and pain, at different times in experimental group (p<0.05), but this difference was not significant in the control group (p>0.05). Furthermore, t - test showed that there was no significant difference in the severity of fatigue and pain before the intervention between two groups (P>0.05), but there was significant difference immediately after and 2 months after intervention between two groups (P<0.05). The results showed that this intervention is effective in relieving fatigue and pain severity in patients with MS, so this method as an effective technique can be recommended.

The Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a combination of distress physical، psychological and behavioral changes that occur in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and lead to disordering in individual relationships and normal activities. Since، the etiology of the PMS is not clear، to relief the symptoms of this syndrome، different methods were used. The main object of this project is to compare the effects of 2 different methods of aerobic exercise and vitamin B6 intake on the severity of symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in Non-Athlete girls in 2011-12. Sixty non - athlete girl students aged 18-25 at Khorasgan University were chosen 5 questionnaires and also daily symptoms the were divided into three aerobic exercise، vitamin B6 and control groups randomly. They aerobic exercise constructed for 8 weeks، 3 sessions in a week، and each session 60 minutes done in the University Club. The experimental group (vitamins B6) were used a pill every day for 2 month s. After 1 month s the PMS questionnaire was distributed among the 3 groups again (mid-test) and after 2 month s the posttest was conducted. The results showed that the severity of symptoms reduced after 1 and 2 (P ≤ 0. 001) month s exercise. Also the results indicate that the mean score in decreasing physical، psychological symptoms and total score in Aerobic was more than vitamins B6 and control group (P ≤ 0. 05). The results of this study concluded that aerobic exercise and vitamins B6 intake can reduce the severity of symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.

Type 2 diabetes is a major public health problem with increasing morbidity and mortality. Complementary therapies are widely used by the people with diabetes. Massage therapy (MT) is an increasingly popular complementary therapy. Since few studies have been conducted on the effect of MT on people with diabetes، we aimed to investigate the effect of massage therapy on glycemic control (FBS، HBA1C) in women with diabetes. this clinical trial was conducted on fifty women with type 2 diabetes selected by convenience sampling and placed randomly in treatment and control groups. The test group received 30 mins-long massage therapies in a week (10 sessions) and the control group received just standard care. Glycemic control indices including HbA1C، FBS were measured at baseline، after 10 weeks of therapy and then analyzed by paired-t test and MANOVA (p≤ 0. 05). the mean and standard deviation of HBA1C of massage group (7. 18±0. 14) was significantly (P < 0. 01) different from control (8. 06±0. 22) and the difference of FBS in massage group (1. 46±5. 28) from control (1. 6±4. 87) was meaningful statistically (P < 0. 05). accordingly، massage therapy can be useful for glycemic control (FBS، HBA1C) in women with type 2 diabetes.

Pruritus is a common and troublesome side effect of end stage renal disease. It can directly influences on quality of life in affected patients. Unfortunately present treatment options are not successful in alleviating this symptom and yet kidney transplantation is the best option. Since one of the recent therapies in reducing pruritus is complementary medicine، the present study investigated the effect of massage with/without aromatic substances on alleviating pruritus. this study was a crossover clinical trial which has been performed in selected dialysis centers in Isfahan Medical University. Sampling was convenience and all hemodialyzed patients who were dialyzed three sessions a week for 3-5 hours، participated in the study. Subjects were randomly allocated in two groups. Participants in with/without aromatherapy massage group were delivered 6 sessions massage with aromatic substances firstly، and then after one week washout، delivered 6 sessions massage without aromatic substances، simultaneously In without/with aromatherapy massage group the order of interventions were vice versa. Each massage session took 7 minutes. 3-5 milliliters of aromatic substances (mixture of lavender، peppermint and tea tree oils which diluted to 5% by using sweet almond oil) or sweet almond oil were used in each session. in this study 40 patients participated in the investigation، were randomly allocated in two groups. The groups were matched in sex، age، underling diseases، degree of xerosis and physiologic parameters but the length of being treated with hemodialysis were significantly different between two groups (p= 0. 03). Analyses of data showed a statistically significant difference before and after both interventions in both periods (p<0. 05) but there was no significant difference between two interventions in both groups. use of massage regardless to be with or without aromatic substances can significantly alleviate pruritus in hemodialyzed patients.