محسن فتح الله بیاتی

The productiveness and flexibility of production against impulses is a prerequisite for the resilience of the Iranian economy. On the other hand, the realization of investment in manufacturing sectors depends more on the political economy of Iran than macroeconomic variable. In the current context of the Iranian economy, interest groups, by expanding the immortal sectors, impede the directing of capital to productive sectors. The phenomenon such as the instability of the industrial development strategy, the role of the interest groups in the immature sectors, and the failure to take policy tools to reduce the unproductive sector's returns has led to the institutionalization of the patient's political economy in the country. In this paper, the effects of political economy on investment in order to realize the strength of the economy are examined and some suggested strategies are proposed to exit from the current situation in order to boost investment in productive sectors.

Nowadays the role of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) is undeniably pivotal and fundamental. Investigating on such enterprises will lead to knowledge based economy. Focus on this issue has been recently increased in our country, and the government is paying more attention to supportive organizations. With respect to the significant role of these newly-established organizations, studying the factors of their success is of great importance. In this research, and from company managers points of view, the important factors that are considered to be effective in success of the organizations have been ranked with respect to their importance. This paper is presented in two parts; the first part deals with the success factors of technology-based companies and in the second part suggestions and solutions for eliminating development obstacles are provided.

Organizations experience management needs during the different periods of their life cycle. In fact, based on the present conditions dominating the organization during a specific period, management measures should be taken or an organization would actually die. This problem is even more extreme about the tenants in incubators and pre-incubator stage seeds, because companies and seed firms in incubators are truly vulnerable against mismanagement, and this problem would cause failure more than any other time. Taking nice management style during pre-incubation and incubation period, not only prevents from death of the company, but also increase probability of success, because the success of organization is depend on their successful passage from different levels and stages. In this paper, the types of management styles and mismanagement are carefully dealt with, and regarding position of the pre-incubation seeds and tenants in incubators over the life cycle of the organizations, different types of management including improper styles which can affect the organization trend of management are introduced also for a successful passage from pre-incubation to incubation regarding the management style of organization in pre-incubation, we suggested a management style effective for organization during the incubation period.